information.
The existing algorithm selects a preferred leaf vdev based on offset of the zio
request modulo the number of members in the mirror. It assumes the devices are
of equal performance and that spreading the requests randomly over both drives
will be sufficient to saturate them. In practice this results in the leaf vdevs
being under utilized.
The new algorithm takes into the following additional factors:
* Load of the vdevs (number outstanding I/O requests)
* The locality of last queued I/O vs the new I/O request.
Within the locality calculation additional knowledge about the underlying vdev
is considered such as; is the device backing the vdev a rotating media device.
This results in performance increases across the board as well as significant
increases for predominantly streaming loads and for configurations which don't
have evenly performing devices.
The following are results from a setup with 3 Way Mirror with 2 x HD's and
1 x SSD from a basic test running multiple parrallel dd's.
With pre-fetch disabled (vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=1):
== Stripe Balanced (default) ==
Read 15360MB using bs: 1048576, readers: 3, took 161 seconds @ 95 MB/s
== Load Balanced (zfslinux) ==
Read 15360MB using bs: 1048576, readers: 3, took 297 seconds @ 51 MB/s
== Load Balanced (locality freebsd) ==
Read 15360MB using bs: 1048576, readers: 3, took 54 seconds @ 284 MB/s
With pre-fetch enabled (vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0):
== Stripe Balanced (default) ==
Read 15360MB using bs: 1048576, readers: 3, took 91 seconds @ 168 MB/s
== Load Balanced (zfslinux) ==
Read 15360MB using bs: 1048576, readers: 3, took 108 seconds @ 142 MB/s
== Load Balanced (locality freebsd) ==
Read 15360MB using bs: 1048576, readers: 3, took 48 seconds @ 320 MB/s
In addition to the performance changes the code was also restructured, with
the help of Justin Gibbs, to provide a more logical flow which also ensures
vdevs loads are only calculated from the set of valid candidates.
The following additional sysctls where added to allow the administrator
to tune the behaviour of the load algorithm:
* vfs.zfs.vdev.mirror.rotating_inc
* vfs.zfs.vdev.mirror.rotating_seek_inc
* vfs.zfs.vdev.mirror.rotating_seek_offset
* vfs.zfs.vdev.mirror.non_rotating_inc
* vfs.zfs.vdev.mirror.non_rotating_seek_inc
These changes where based on work started by the zfsonlinux developers:
https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/pull/1487
Reviewed by: gibbs, mav, will
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Multiplay
Add atsectl, a simple utility to read and update MAC addresses stored in
the default flash location on Altera DE4 boards. Typically used once
when setting up a board so leaving in tools rather than inflicting on
all users.
To build with world add LOCAL_DIRS=tools/tools/atsectl to the make
command line.
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
Change 221669 by bz@bz_zenith on 2013/02/01 12:26:04
Run the initialization for polling earlier along with INTRs
so that we can put network interface into polling mode by default
if DEVICE_POLLING is compiled in and no interrupts are available.
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
- The new allocator won't return coherent memory for any size > PAGE_SIZE,
so don't assume we have coherent memory, and explicitely use
bus_dmamap_sync().
Change 221767 by rwatson@rwatson_zenith_cl_cam_ac_uk on 2013/02/05 14:18:53
When printing out information on a TLB MOD exception for a user
process (e.g., an attempt to write to a read-only page), report
it as a "write" in the console message, rather than "unknown".
Change 221768 by rwatson@rwatson_zenith_cl_cam_ac_uk on 2013/02/05 14:28:00
Fix post-compile but pre-commit typo in last changeset.
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
and OF_searchencprop(). I thought about using the element size parameter
to OF_getprop_alloc() to do endian-switching automatically, but it breaks
use with structs and a *lot* of FDT code (which can hopefully be moved to
these new APIs).
MFC after: 2 weeks
Change 231031 by brooks@brooks_zenith on 2013/07/11 16:22:08
Turn the unused and uncompilable MIPS_DISABLE_L1_CACHE define in
cache.c into an option and when set force I- and D-cache line
sizes to 0 (the latter part might be better as a tunable).
Fix some casts in an #if 0'd bit of code which attempts to
disable L1 cache ops when the cache is coherent.
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
Change 228019 by bz@bz_zenith on 2013/04/23 13:55:30
Add kernel side support for large TLB on BERI/CHERI.
Modelled similar to NLM
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DAPRA/AFRL
Change 221534 by rwatson@rwatson_zenith_cl_cam_ac_uk on 2013/01/27 16:05:30
FreeBSD/mips stores page-table entries in a near-identical format
to MIPS TLB entries -- only it overrides certain "reserved" bits
in the MIPS-defined EntryLo register to hold software-defined bits
(swbits) to avoid significantly increasing the page table memory
footprint. On n32 and n64, these bits were (a) colliding with
MIPS64r2 physical memory extensions and (b) being improperly
cleared.
Attempt to fix both of these problems by pushing swbits further
along 64-bit EntryLo registers into the reserved space, and
improving consistency between C-based and assembly-based clearing
of swbits -- in particular, to use the same definition. This
should stop swbits from leaking into TLB entries -- while ignored
by most current MIPS hardware, this would cause a problem with
(much) larger physical memory sizes, and also leads to confusing
hardware-level tracing as physical addresses contain unexpected
(and inconsistent) higher bits.
Discussed with: imp, jmallett
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
by encode-int. Specifically, it takes a set of 32-bit cell values and
changes them to host byte order. Most non-string instances of OF_getprop()
should be using this function, which is a no-op on big-endian platforms.
- remove assumption that the backing file/device had
512-byte sectors
- fix incorrect iovec size variable that would result
in a buffer overrun when an o/s issued an i/o request
with more s/g elements than the blockif api
Reviewed by: Zhixiang Yu (zxyu.core@gmail.com)
MFC after: 3 days
The VERSION variable is encoded into the SUNW_ctf sections of the kernel
and every kernel module when dtrace is enabled; starting with 9.2-RELEASE
(when dtrace was turned on in GENERIC) this means that different host kernels
will result in very different kernel binaries being generated. This tripped
up freebsd-update builds after the build boxes were updated from 9.x to 10.x.
MFC after: 3 days (stable/9)
X-MFC after: 0 days (stable/10)
Security: Rendered two members of so@ temporarily insane
segments thinking it received only one segment. This causes it to enable
the delay the ACK for 100ms to wait for another segment which may never
come because all the data was received already.
Doing delayed ACK for LRO segments is bogus for two reasons: a) it pushes
us further away from acking every other packet; b) it introduces additional
delay in responding to the sender. The latter is especially bad because it
is in the nature of LRO to aggregated all segments of a burst with no more
coming until an ACK is sent back.
Change the delayed ACK logic to detect LRO segments by being larger than
the MSS for this connection and issuing an immediate ACK for them to keep
the ACK clock ticking without interruption.
Reported by: julian, cperciva
Tested by: cperciva
Reviewed by: lstewart
MFC after: 3 days
bootstrapping a copy of clang without building clang for the base system
which is useful for nanobsd and similar setups. It's still probably
wrong to conflate what is installed as /usr/bin/cc with the selection
of a bootstrap compiler under WITH*_CLANG_IS_CC, but that's for another
day.
MFC after: 1 week
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
Switch the majority of device configuration to FDT from hints.
Add BERI_*_BASE configs to reduce duplication in the MDROOT and SDROOT
kernels.
Add NFS and GSSAPI support by default.
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
230523, 1123614
Implement a driver for Robert Norton's PIC as an FDT interrupt
controller. Devices whose interrupt-parent property points to a beripic
device will have their interrupt allocation, activation , and setup
operations routed through the IC rather than down the traditional bus
hierarchy.
This driver largely abstracts the underlying CPU away allowing the
PIC to be implemented on CPU's other than BERI. Due to insufficient
abstractions a small amount of MIPS specific code is currently required
in fdt_mips.c and to implement counters.
MFC after: 3 days
Sponsored by: DARPA/AFRL
- Use bus reference phandles in place of FDT offsets as IRQ domain keys
- Unify the identical macio/fdt/mambo OpenPIC drivers into one
- Be more forgiving (following ePAPR) about what we need from the device
tree to identify an OpenPIC
- Correctly map all IRQs into an interrupt domain
- Set IRQ_*_CONFORM for interrupts on an unknown PIC type instead of
failing attachment for that device.
zio_compress_data(..) when compressing l2arc buffers.
This eliminates l2arc I/O errors, which resulted in very poor performance on
vdev's configured with block size greater than 512b due to compression
assuming a smaller min block size than the vdev supports.
MFC after: 2 days
cam_periph_acquire() can return error if periph already invalidated, but
that may be unacceptable and cause deadlock if the invalidated periph can't
be destroyed without "executing" the scheduled request.
Coverity CID: 1109822
MFC after: 2 months
When safety requirements are met, it allows to avoid passing I/O requests
to GEOM g_up/g_down thread, executing them directly in the caller context.
That allows to avoid CPU bottlenecks in g_up/g_down threads, plus avoid
several context switches per I/O.
The defined now safety requirements are:
- caller should not hold any locks and should be reenterable;
- callee should not depend on GEOM dual-threaded concurency semantics;
- on the way down, if request is unmapped while callee doesn't support it,
the context should be sleepable;
- kernel thread stack usage should be below 50%.
To keep compatibility with GEOM classes not meeting above requirements
new provider and consumer flags added:
- G_CF_DIRECT_SEND -- consumer code meets caller requirements (request);
- G_CF_DIRECT_RECEIVE -- consumer code meets callee requirements (done);
- G_PF_DIRECT_SEND -- provider code meets caller requirements (done);
- G_PF_DIRECT_RECEIVE -- provider code meets callee requirements (request).
Capable GEOM class can set them, allowing direct dispatch in cases where
it is safe. If any of requirements are not met, request is queued to
g_up or g_down thread same as before.
Such GEOM classes were reviewed and updated to support direct dispatch:
CONCAT, DEV, DISK, GATE, MD, MIRROR, MULTIPATH, NOP, PART, RAID, STRIPE,
VFS, ZERO, ZFS::VDEV, ZFS::ZVOL, all classes based on g_slice KPI (LABEL,
MAP, FLASHMAP, etc).
To declare direct completion capability disk(9) KPI got new flag equivalent
to G_PF_DIRECT_SEND -- DISKFLAG_DIRECT_COMPLETION. da(4) and ada(4) disk
drivers got it set now thanks to earlier CAM locking work.
This change more then twice increases peak block storage performance on
systems with manu CPUs, together with earlier CAM locking changes reaching
more then 1 million IOPS (512 byte raw reads from 16 SATA SSDs on 4 HBAs to
256 user-level threads).
Sponsored by: iXsystems, Inc.
MFC after: 2 months
