We encountered an interesting situation where the superblock for
a file system got written to disk with the "fs_fmod" flag set to
one. It appears that this flag is normally supposed to be cleared
during ffs_sync(), but we experienced a crash, or some other weird
occurrence that left it on the disk set to 1.
Later this partition was mounted read-only... and the fs_fmod
field was never cleared, causing ffs_sync() to panic "rofs mod"
when trying to unmount that filesystem (ffs_vfsops.c: line 790).
fix:
set this bit to 0 when you load the superblock from disk.
(see more complete mail on this to hackers)
ufs_read() and ufs_write().
Found by: looking at warnings for comparing the result of lblktosize()
(which is usually daddr_t = long) with file sizes (which are u_quad_t
for ufs). File sizes should probably be off_t's to avoid warnings
when the are compared with file offsets, so the fixed lblktosize()
casts to off_t instead of u_quad_t.
Added definition of smalllblksize(). It is the same as the old
lblksize() and is more efficient for small block numbers on 32-bit
machines.
Use smalllblktosize() instead of its expansion in blksize() and
dblksize(). This keeps the line length short and makes it more
obvious that the shift can't overflow.
/*
* Structure defined by POSIX.4 to be like a timeval.
*/
struct timespec {
time_t ts_sec; /* seconds */
long ts_nsec; /* and nanoseconds */
};
The correct names of the fields are tv_sec and tv_nsec.
Reminded by: James Drobina <jdrobina@infinet.com>
is that it doesn't say _what_ did it! (the core dumped console message
is very useful for listing the process name and pid). This adds similar
information.
The interface into the "VMIO" system has changed to be more consistant
and robust. Essentially, it is now no longer necessary to call vn_open
to get merged VM/Buffer cache operation, and exceptional conditions
such as merged operation of VBLK devices is simpler and more correct.
This code corrects a potentially large set of problems including the
problems with ktrace output and loaded systems, file create/deletes,
etc.
Most of the changes to NFS are cosmetic and name changes, eliminating
a layer of subroutine calls. The direct calls to vput/vrele have
been re-instituted for better cross platform compatibility.
Reviewed by: davidg
process won't possibly block before filling in the fsnode pointer (v_data)
which might be dereferenced during a sync since the vnode is put on the
mnt_vnodelist by getnewvnode.
Pointed out by Matt Day <mday@artisoft.com>
Speed up for vfs_bio -- addition of a routine bqrelse to greatly diminish
overhead for merged cache.
Efficiency improvement for vfs_cluster. It used to do alot of redundant
calls to cluster_rbuild.
Correct the ordering for vrele of .text and release of credentials.
Use the selective tlb update for 486/586/P6.
Numerous fixes to the size of objects allocated for files. Additionally,
fixes in the various pagers.
Fixes for proper positioning of vnode_pager_setsize in msdosfs and ext2fs.
Fixes in the swap pager for exhausted resources. The pageout code
will not as readily thrash.
Change the page queue flags (PG_ACTIVE, PG_INACTIVE, PG_FREE, PG_CACHE) into
page queue indices (PQ_ACTIVE, PQ_INACTIVE, PQ_FREE, PQ_CACHE),
thereby improving efficiency of several routines.
Eliminate even more unnecessary vm_page_protect operations.
Significantly speed up process forks.
Make vm_object_page_clean more efficient, thereby eliminating the pause
that happens every 30seconds.
Make sequential clustered writes B_ASYNC instead of B_DELWRI even in the
case of filesystems mounted async.
Fix a panic with busy pages when write clustering is done for non-VMIO
buffers.
This fixes PR943.
ffs/ffs_vfsops.c:
ffs_statfs() multiplied by (100 - minfree) as part of calculating the
minfree percentage (complemented in 100%), so with the standard minfree
of 8, it was broken for file systems of size >= 1TB/92 = 11GB. Use the
standard freespace() macro instead. This also fixes a rounding bug (the
"Avail" count was sometimes 1 too small).
ffs/* (not fixed):
The freespace() macro multiplies by minfree, so with the standard
minfree of 8, it is broken for file systems of size >= 1TB/8 = 128GB.
This bug is more serious since it affects block allocation.
ffs/ffs_alloc.c (not fixed):
Ordinary users are sometimes allowed to allocate 1 (partial) block
too many so that the "Avail" count goes negative. E.g., if there is
1 fragment available and the file is fairly large, one more full
block is allocated.
df/df.c:
ufs_df() used/uses essentially the same code as ffs_statfs(), so it
had/has the same bugs.
ufs_df() gratuitously replaced "Avail" counts of < 0 by 0, so it
gave different results for non-mounted file systems in this case.
1) Make cluster buffer list be a non-malloced chain. This eliminates
yet another 'evil' M_WAITOK and generally cleans up the code.
2) Fix write clustering for ext2fs. It was just broken. Also, ffs
clustering had an efficiency problem that more bawrites were happening
than should have been.
3) Make changes to buf.h to support the above, plus remove b_pfcent
at the request of David Greenman.
Note that the reallocblocks code is disabled pending rewrite for
the cluster buffer list changes.
it 1138 times (:-() in casts and a few more times in declarations.
This change is null for the i386.
The type has to be `typedef int vop_t(void *)' and not `typedef
int vop_t()' because `gcc -Wstrict-prototypes' warns about the
latter. Since vnode op functions are called with args of different
(struct pointer) types, neither of these function types is any use
for type checking of the arg, so it would be preferable not to use
the complete function type, especially since using the complete
type requires adding 1138 casts to avoid compiler warnings and
another 40+ casts to reverse the function pointer conversions before
calling the functions.
dangerous than the original MNT_ASYNC. There might be some minor
security considerations due to data writes not being posted as promptly
as before. Meta-data operations are still not quite as fast as Linux,
but streaming I/O is still higher.
Submitted by: terry (terry lambert)
This is a composite of 3 patch sets submitted by terry.
they are:
New low-level init code that supports loadbal modules better
some cleanups in the namei code to help terry in 16-bit character support
some changes to the mount-root code to make it a little more
modular..
NOTE: mounting root off cdrom or NFS MIGHT be broken as I haven't been able
to test those cases..
certainly mounting root of disk still works just fine..
mfs should work but is untested. (tomorrows task)
The low level init stuff includes a total rewrite of init_main.c
to make it possible for new modules to have an init phase by simply
adding an entry to a TEXT_SET (or is it DATA_SET) list. thus a new module can
be added to the kernel without editing any other files other than the
'files' file.
proc or any VM system structure will have to be rebuilt!!!
Much needed overhaul of the VM system. Included in this first round of
changes:
1) Improved pager interfaces: init, alloc, dealloc, getpages, putpages,
haspage, and sync operations are supported. The haspage interface now
provides information about clusterability. All pager routines now take
struct vm_object's instead of "pagers".
2) Improved data structures. In the previous paradigm, there is constant
confusion caused by pagers being both a data structure ("allocate a
pager") and a collection of routines. The idea of a pager structure has
escentially been eliminated. Objects now have types, and this type is
used to index the appropriate pager. In most cases, items in the pager
structure were duplicated in the object data structure and thus were
unnecessary. In the few cases that remained, a un_pager structure union
was created in the object to contain these items.
3) Because of the cleanup of #1 & #2, a lot of unnecessary layering can now
be removed. For instance, vm_object_enter(), vm_object_lookup(),
vm_object_remove(), and the associated object hash list were some of the
things that were removed.
4) simple_lock's removed. Discussion with several people reveals that the
SMP locking primitives used in the VM system aren't likely the mechanism
that we'll be adopting. Even if it were, the locking that was in the code
was very inadequate and would have to be mostly re-done anyway. The
locking in a uni-processor kernel was a no-op but went a long way toward
making the code difficult to read and debug.
5) Places that attempted to kludge-up the fact that we don't have kernel
thread support have been fixed to reflect the reality that we are really
dealing with processes, not threads. The VM system didn't have complete
thread support, so the comments and mis-named routines were just wrong.
We now use tsleep and wakeup directly in the lock routines, for instance.
6) Where appropriate, the pagers have been improved, especially in the
pager_alloc routines. Most of the pager_allocs have been rewritten and
are now faster and easier to maintain.
7) The pagedaemon pageout clustering algorithm has been rewritten and
now tries harder to output an even number of pages before and after
the requested page. This is sort of the reverse of the ideal pagein
algorithm and should provide better overall performance.
8) Unnecessary (incorrect) casts to caddr_t in calls to tsleep & wakeup
have been removed. Some other unnecessary casts have also been removed.
9) Some almost useless debugging code removed.
10) Terminology of shadow objects vs. backing objects straightened out.
The fact that the vm_object data structure escentially had this
backwards really confused things. The use of "shadow" and "backing
object" throughout the code is now internally consistent and correct
in the Mach terminology.
11) Several minor bug fixes, including one in the vm daemon that caused
0 RSS objects to not get purged as intended.
12) A "default pager" has now been created which cleans up the transition
of objects to the "swap" type. The previous checks throughout the code
for swp->pg_data != NULL were really ugly. This change also provides
the rudiments for future backing of "anonymous" memory by something
other than the swap pager (via the vnode pager, for example), and it
allows the decision about which of these pagers to use to be made
dynamically (although will need some additional decision code to do
this, of course).
13) (dyson) MAP_COPY has been deprecated and the corresponding "copy
object" code has been removed. MAP_COPY was undocumented and non-
standard. It was furthermore broken in several ways which caused its
behavior to degrade to MAP_PRIVATE. Binaries that use MAP_COPY will
continue to work correctly, but via the slightly different semantics
of MAP_PRIVATE.
14) (dyson) Sharing maps have been removed. It's marginal usefulness in a
threads design can be worked around in other ways. Both #12 and #13
were done to simplify the code and improve readability and maintain-
ability. (As were most all of these changes)
TODO:
1) Rewrite most of the vnode pager to use VOP_GETPAGES/PUTPAGES. Doing
this will reduce the vnode pager to a mere fraction of its current size.
2) Rewrite vm_fault and the swap/vnode pagers to use the clustering
information provided by the new haspage pager interface. This will
substantially reduce the overhead by eliminating a large number of
VOP_BMAP() calls. The VOP_BMAP() filesystem interface should be
improved to provide both a "behind" and "ahead" indication of
contiguousness.
3) Implement the extended features of pager_haspage in swap_pager_haspage().
It currently just says 0 pages ahead/behind.
4) Re-implement the swap device (swstrategy) in a more elegant way, perhaps
via a much more general mechanism that could also be used for disk
striping of regular filesystems.
5) Do something to improve the architecture of vm_object_collapse(). The
fact that it makes calls into the swap pager and knows too much about
how the swap pager operates really bothers me. It also doesn't allow
for collapsing of non-swap pager objects ("unnamed" objects backed by
other pagers).
2) Removed unnecessary vm_object_lookup()/pager_cache(object, TRUE) pairs
after vnode_pager_alloc() calls - the object is already guaranteed to be
persistent.
3) Removed some gratuitous casts.
1) Files weren't properly synced on filesystems other than UFS. In some
cases, this lead to lost data. Most likely would be noticed on NFS.
The fix is to make the VM page sync/object_clean general rather than
in each filesystem.
2) Mixing regular and mmaped file I/O on NFS was very broken. It caused
chunks of files to end up as zeroes rather than the intended contents.
The fix was to fix several race conditions and to kludge up the
"b_dirtyoff" and "b_dirtyend" that NFS relies upon - paying attention
to page modifications that occurred via the mmapping.
Reviewed by: David Greenman
Submitted by: John Dyson
