same null value, the code can not distinguish between them, to
fix the problem, now a destroyed object is assigned to a non-null
value, and it will be rejected by some pthread functions.
PTHREAD_ADAPTIVE_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP is changed to number 1, so that
adaptive mutex can be statically initialized correctly.
it is incompatible with stack unwinding code, if they are invoked,
disable stack unwinding for current thread, and when thread is
exiting, print a warning message.
for them, two functions _pthread_cancel_enter and _pthread_cancel_leave
are added to let thread enter and leave a cancellation point, it also
makes it possible that other functions can be cancellation points in
libraries without having to be rewritten in libthr.
whether asynchronous mode is turned on or not, this always gives us a
chance to decide whether thread should be canceled or not in
cancellation points.
defer-mode cancellation works, asynchrnous mode does not work because
it lacks of libuwind's support. stack unwinding is not enabled unless
LIBTHR_UNWIND_STACK is defined in Makefile.
For all libthr contexts, use ${MACHINE_CPUARCH}
for all libc contexts, use ${MACHINE_ARCH} if it exists, otherwise use
${MACHINE_CPUARCH}
Move some common code up a layer (the .PATH statement was the same in
all the arch submakefiles).
# Hope she hasn't busted powerpc64 with this...
add a wrapper for it in libc and rework the code in libthr, the
system call still can return EINTR, we keep this feature.
Discussed on: thread
Reviewed by: jilles
module private type, when private type mutex is locked/unlocked, thread
critical region is entered or leaved. These changes makes fork()
async-signal safe which required by POSIX. Note that user's atfork handler
still needs to be async-signal safe, but it is not problem of libthr, it
is user's responsiblity.
some cases we want to improve:
1) if a thread signal got a signal while in cancellation point,
it is possible the TDP_WAKEUP may be eaten by signal handler
if the handler called some interruptibly system calls.
2) In signal handler, we want to disable cancellation.
3) When thread holding some low level locks, it is better to
disable signal, those code need not to worry reentrancy,
sigprocmask system call is avoided because it is a bit expensive.
The signal handler wrapper works in this way:
1) libthr installs its signal handler if user code invokes sigaction
to install its handler, the user handler is recorded in internal
array.
2) when a signal is delivered, libthr's signal handler is invoke,
libthr checks if thread holds some low level lock or is in critical
region, if it is true, the signal is buffered, and all signals are
masked, once the thread leaves critical region, correct signal
mask is restored and buffered signal is processed.
3) before user signal handler is invoked, cancellation is temporarily
disabled, after user signal handler is returned, cancellation state
is restored, and pending cancellation is rescheduled.
atexit and __cxa_atexit handlers that are either installed by unloaded
dso, or points to the functions provided by the dso.
Use _rtld_addr_phdr to locate segment information from the address of
private variable belonging to the dso, supplied by crtstuff.c. Provide
utility function __elf_phdr_match_addr to do the match of address against
dso executable segment.
Call back into libthr from __cxa_finalize using weak
__pthread_cxa_finalize symbol to remove any atfork handler which
function points into unloaded object.
The rtld needs private __pthread_cxa_finalize symbol to not require
resolution of the weak undefined symbol at initialization time. This
cannot work, since rtld is relocated before sym_zero is set up.
Idea by: kan
Reviewed by: kan (previous version)
MFC after: 3 weeks
which does not know what is the state of interrupted system call, for
example, open() system call opened a file and the thread is still cancelled,
result is descriptor leak, there are other problems which can cause resource
leak or undeterminable side effect when a thread is cancelled. However, this
is no longer true in new implementation.
In defering mode, a thread is canceled if cancellation request is pending and
later the thread enters a cancellation point, otherwise, a later
pthread_cancel() just causes SIGCANCEL to be sent to the target thread, and
causes target thread to abort system call, userland code in libthr then checks
cancellation state, and cancels the thread if needed. For example, the
cancellation point open(), the thread may be canceled at start,
but later, if it opened a file descriptor, it is not canceled, this avoids
file handle leak. Another example is read(), a thread may be canceled at start
of the function, but later, if it read some bytes from a socket, the thread
is not canceled, the caller then can decide if it should still enable cancelling
or disable it and continue reading data until it thinks it has read all
bytes of a packet, and keeps a protocol stream in health state, if user ignores
partly reading of a packet without disabling cancellation, then second iteration
of read loop cause the thread to be cancelled.
An exception is that the close() cancellation point always closes a file handle
despite whether the thread is cancelled or not.
The old mechanism is still kept, for a functions which is not so easily to
fix a cancellation problem, the rough mechanism is used.
Reviewed by: kib@
is acted upon, or when a thread calls pthread_exit(), the thread first
disables cancellation by setting its cancelability state to
PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE and its cancelability type to
PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED. The cancelability state remains set to
PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE until the thread has terminated.
It has no effect if a cancellation cleanup handler or thread-specific
data destructor routine changes the cancelability state to
PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE.
Although groff_mdoc(7) gives another impression, this is the ordering
most widely used and also required by mdocml/mandoc.
Reviewed by: ru
Approved by: philip, ed (mentors)
now type sema_t is a structure which can be put in a shared memory area,
and multiple processes can operate it concurrently.
User can either use mmap(MAP_SHARED) + sem_init(pshared=1) or use sem_open()
to initialize a shared semaphore.
Named semaphore uses file system and is located in /tmp directory, and its
file name is prefixed with 'SEMD', so now it is chroot or jail friendly.
In simplist cases, both for named and un-named semaphore, userland code
does not have to enter kernel to reduce/increase semaphore's count.
The semaphore is designed to be crash-safe, it means even if an application
is crashed in the middle of operating semaphore, the semaphore state is
still safely recovered by later use, there is no waiter counter maintained
by userland code.
The main semaphore code is in libc and libthr only has some necessary stubs,
this makes it possible that a non-threaded application can use semaphore
without linking to thread library.
Old semaphore implementation is kept libc to maintain binary compatibility.
The kernel ksem API is no longer used in the new implemenation.
Discussed on: threads@
The race condition is believed to be in UMTX_OP_MUTEX_WAKE. On ia64,
we simply go to the kernel to unlock.
The big question is why this is only a race condition on ia64...
MFC after: 3 days
well-known race condition, which elimination was the reason for the
function appearance in first place. If sigmask supplied as argument to
pselect() enables a signal, the signal might be delivered before thread
called select(2), causing lost wakeup. Reimplement pselect() in kernel,
making change of sigmask and sleep atomic.
Since signal shall be delivered to the usermode, but sigmask restored,
set TDP_OLDMASK and save old mask in td_oldsigmask. The TDP_OLDMASK
should be cleared by ast() in case signal was not gelivered during
syscall execution.
Reviewed by: davidxu
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 1 month
query umtx also if the shared waiters bit is set on a shared lock.
The writer starvation avoidance technique, infact, can lead to shared
waiters on a shared lock which can bring to a missed wakeup and thus
to a deadlock if the right bit is not checked (a notable case is the
writers counterpart to be handled through expired timeouts).
Fix that by checking for the shared waiters bit also when unlocking the
shared locks.
That bug was causing a reported MySQL deadlock.
Many thanks go to Nick Esborn and his employer DesertNet which provided
time and machines to identify and fix this issue.
PR: thread/135673
Reported by: Nick Esborn <nick at desert dot net>
Tested by: Nick Esborn <nick at desert dot net>
Reviewed by: jeff
The most notable is that it is not bumped in rwlock_rdlock_common() when
the hard path (__thr_rwlock_rdlock()) returns successfully.
This can lead to deadlocks in libthr when rwlocks recursion in read mode
happens.
Fix the interested parts by correctly handling rdlock_count.
PR: threads/136345
Reported by: rink
Tested by: rink
Reviewed by: jeff
Approved by: re (kib)
MFC: 2 weeks
by temporary pretending that the process is still multithreaded.
Current malloc lock primitives do nothing for singlethreaded process.
Reviewed by: davidxu, deischen
in order to get the symbol binding state "just so". This is to allow
locking to be activated and not run into recursion problems later.
However, one of the magic bits involves an explicit call to _umtx_op()
to force symbol resolution. It does a wakeup operation on a fake,
uninitialized (ie: random contents) umtx. Since libthr isn't active, this
is harmless. Nothing can match the random wakeup.
However, valgrind finds this and is not amused. Normally I'd just
write a suppression record for it, but the idea of passing random
args to syscalls (on purpose) just doesn't feel right.
does not use any external symbols, thus avoiding possible recursion into
rtld to resolve symbols, when called.
Reviewed by: kan, davidxu
Tested by: rink
MFC after: 1 month
by switching into single-thread mode.
libthr ignores broken use of lock bitmaps used by default rtld locking
implementation, this in turn turns lock handoff in _rtld_thread_init
into NOP. This in turn makes child processes of forked multi-threaded
programs to run with _thr_signal_block still in effect, with most
signals blocked.
Reported by: phk, kib
us working malloc in the fork child of the multithreaded process.
Although POSIX requires that only async-signal safe functions shall be
operable after fork in multithreaded process, not having malloc lower
the quality of our implementation.
Tested by: rink
Discussed with: kan, davidxu
Reviewed by: kan
MFC after: 1 month
Threading library calls _pre before the fork, allowing the rtld to
lock itself to ensure that other threads of the process are out of
dynamic linker. _post releases the locks.
This allows the rtld to have consistent state in the child. Although
child may legitimately call only async-safe functions, the call may
need plt relocation resolution, and this requires working rtld.
Reported and debugging help by: rink
Reviewed by: kan, davidxu
MFC after: 1 month (anyway, not before 7.1 is out)
where critical. Some places still use ps_pread/ps_pwrite directly,
but only need changed when byte-order comes into the picture.
Also, change th_p in td_event_msg_t from a pointer type to
psaddr_t, so that events also work when psaddr_t is widened.
This caching allows for completely lock-free allocation/deallocation in the
steady state, at the expense of likely increased memory use and
fragmentation.
Reduce the default number of arenas to 2*ncpus, since thread-specific
caching typically reduces arena contention.
Modify size class spacing to include ranges of 2^n-spaced, quantum-spaced,
cacheline-spaced, and subpage-spaced size classes. The advantages are:
fewer size classes, reduced false cacheline sharing, and reduced internal
fragmentation for allocations that are slightly over 512, 1024, etc.
Increase RUN_MAX_SMALL, in order to limit fragmentation for the
subpage-spaced size classes.
Add a size-->bin lookup table for small sizes to simplify translating sizes
to size classes. Include a hard-coded constant table that is used unless
custom size class spacing is specified at run time.
Add the ability to disable tiny size classes at compile time via
MALLOC_TINY.
- It is opt-out for now so as to give it maximum testing, but it may be
turned opt-in for stable branches depending on the consensus. You
can turn it off with WITHOUT_SSP.
- WITHOUT_SSP was previously used to disable the build of GNU libssp.
It is harmless to steal the knob as SSP symbols have been provided
by libc for a long time, GNU libssp should not have been much used.
- SSP is disabled in a few corners such as system bootstrap programs
(sys/boot), process bootstrap code (rtld, csu) and SSP symbols themselves.
- It should be safe to use -fstack-protector-all to build world, however
libc will be automatically downgraded to -fstack-protector because it
breaks rtld otherwise.
- This option is unavailable on ia64.
Enable GCC stack protection (aka Propolice) for kernel:
- It is opt-out for now so as to give it maximum testing.
- Do not compile your kernel with -fstack-protector-all, it won't work.
Submitted by: Jeremie Le Hen <jeremie@le-hen.org>
locked and unlocked completely in userland. by locking and unlocking mutex
in userland, it reduces the total time a mutex is locked by a thread,
in some application code, a mutex only protects a small piece of code, the
code's execution time is less than a simple system call, if a lock contention
happens, however in current implemenation, the lock holder has to extend its
locking time and enter kernel to unlock it, the change avoids this disadvantage,
it first sets mutex to free state and then enters kernel and wake one waiter
up. This improves performance dramatically in some sysbench mutex tests.
Tested by: kris
Sounds great: jeff
returns errno, because errno can be mucked by user's signal handler and
most of pthread api heavily depends on errno to be correct, this change
should improve stability of the thread library.
_thr_suspend_check() which messes sigmask saved in thread structure.
- Don't suspend a thread has force_exit set.
- In pthread_exit(), if there is a suspension flag set, wake up waiting-
thread after setting PS_DEAD, this causes waiting-thread to break loop
in suspend_common().
that there might be starvations, but because we have already locked the
thread, the cpuset settings will always be done before the new thread
does real-world work.
we set scheduling parameters and cpu binding fully in userland, and
because default scheduling policy is SCHED_RR (time-sharing), we set
default sched_inherit to PTHREAD_SCHED_INHERIT, this saves a system
call.
however if current thread is executing cancellation handler, signal
SIGCANCEL may have already been blocked, this is unexpected, unblock the
signal in new thread if this happens.
MFC after: 1 week
the semantics of pthread_mutex_islocked_np() to return true if and only if
the mutex is held by the current thread.
Obviously, change the regression test to match.
MFC after: 2 weeks
locked. This is intended primarily to support the userland equivalent
of the various *_ASSERT_LOCKED() macros we have in the kernel.
MFC after: 2 weeks
loop count.
2. Add function pthread_mutex_setyieldloops_np to turn a mutex's yield
loop count.
3. Make environment variables PTHREAD_SPINLOOPS and PTHREAD_YIELDLOOPS
to be only used for turnning PTHREAD_MUTEX_ADAPTIVE_NP mutex.
doesn't use the default CFLAGS which contain -fno-strict-aliasing.
Until the code is cleaned up, just add -fno-strict-aliasing to the
CFLAGS of these for the tinderboxes' sake, allowing the rest of the
tree to have -Werror enabled again.
fixes a NULL-dereference of curthread when libstdc+ initializes
the exception handling globals on archs we can't use GNU TLS due
to lack of support in binutils 2.15 (i.e. arm and sparc64), yet,
thus making threaded C++ programs compiled with GCC 4.2.1 work
again on these archs.
Reviewed by: davidxu
MFC after: 3 days
to tune pthread mutex performance:
1. LIBPTHREAD_SPINLOOPS
If a pthread mutex is being locked by another thread, this environment
variable sets total number of spin loops before the current thread
sleeps in kernel, this saves a syscall overhead if the mutex will be
unlocked very soon (well written application code).
2. LIBPTHREAD_YIELDLOOPS
If a pthread mutex is being locked by other threads, this environment
variable sets total number of sched_yield() loops before the currrent
thread sleeps in kernel. if a pthread mutex is locked, the current thread
gives up cpu, but will not sleep in kernel, this means, current thread
does not set contention bit in mutex, but let lock owner to run again
if the owner is on kernel's run queue, and when lock owner unlocks the
mutex, it does not need to enter kernel and do lots of work to resume
mutex waiters, in some cases, this saves lots of syscall overheads for
mutex owner.
In my practice, sometimes LIBPTHREAD_YIELDLOOPS can massively improve performance
than LIBPTHREAD_SPINLOOPS, this depends on application. These two environments
are global to all pthread mutex, there is no interface to set them for each
pthread mutex, the default values are zero, this means spinning is turned off
by default.
is also implemented in glibc and is used by a number of existing
applications (mysql, firefox, etc).
This mutex type is a default mutex with the additional property that
it spins briefly when attempting to acquire a contested lock, doing
trylock operations in userland before entering the kernel to block if
eventually unsuccessful.
The expectation is that applications requesting this mutex type know
that the mutex is likely to be only held for very brief periods, so it
is faster to spin in userland and probably succeed in acquiring the
mutex, than to enter the kernel and sleep, only to be woken up almost
immediately. This can help significantly in certain cases when
pthread mutexes are heavily contended and held for brief durations
(such as mysql).
Spin up to 200 times before entering the kernel, which represents only
a few us on modern CPUs. No performance degradation was observed with
this value and it is sufficient to avoid a large performance drop in
mysql performance in the heavily contended pthread mutex case.
The libkse implementation is a NOP.
Reviewed by: jeff
MFC after: 3 days
threading library.
- Now that libpthread is a symlink, it's no longer possible
to link applications with libpthread and have libmap.conf(5)
select the desired threading library; applications will be
linked to the default threading library, libkse or libthr.
Remove an obsolete paragraph.
- Mention that improvements can be seen compared to libkse.
Reviewed by: deischen, davidxu
the threading libraries is built. This simplifies the
logic in makefiles that need to check if the pthreads
support is present. It also fixes a bug where we would
build a threading library that we shouldn't have built:
for example, building with WITHOUT_LIBTHR and the default
value of DEFAULT_THREADING_LIB (libthr) would mistakenly
build the libthr library, but not install it.
Approved by: re (kensmith)
Warning, after symbol versioning is enabled, going back is not easy
(use WITHOUT_SYMVER at your own risk).
Change the default thread library to libthr.
There most likely still needs to be a version bump for at least the
thread libraries. If necessary, this will happen later.
_thr_ucond_broadcast, clear condition variable pointer in cancellation
info after returing from _thr_ucond_wait, since kernel has already
dropped the internal lock, so we don't need to unlock it in cancellation
handler again.
is also returned by pthread_detach() if a thread was already
detached, the error code was already documented:
> [EINVAL] The implementation has detected that the value speci-
> fied by thread does not refer to a joinable thread.
