as is required to be POSIXLY_CORRECT and "right". I interpret
"referring to a directory" as being a directory or becoming a
directory. E.g., the trailing slashes in mkdir("/nonesuch/"),
rename("/tmp", /nonesuch/") and link("/tmp", "/root_can_like_dirs/")
are ignored because the target will become a directory if the
syscall succeeds. A trailing slash on a symlink causes the symlink
to be followed (this is a bug if the symlink doesn't point to a
directory; fix later).
proc or any VM system structure will have to be rebuilt!!!
Much needed overhaul of the VM system. Included in this first round of
changes:
1) Improved pager interfaces: init, alloc, dealloc, getpages, putpages,
haspage, and sync operations are supported. The haspage interface now
provides information about clusterability. All pager routines now take
struct vm_object's instead of "pagers".
2) Improved data structures. In the previous paradigm, there is constant
confusion caused by pagers being both a data structure ("allocate a
pager") and a collection of routines. The idea of a pager structure has
escentially been eliminated. Objects now have types, and this type is
used to index the appropriate pager. In most cases, items in the pager
structure were duplicated in the object data structure and thus were
unnecessary. In the few cases that remained, a un_pager structure union
was created in the object to contain these items.
3) Because of the cleanup of #1 & #2, a lot of unnecessary layering can now
be removed. For instance, vm_object_enter(), vm_object_lookup(),
vm_object_remove(), and the associated object hash list were some of the
things that were removed.
4) simple_lock's removed. Discussion with several people reveals that the
SMP locking primitives used in the VM system aren't likely the mechanism
that we'll be adopting. Even if it were, the locking that was in the code
was very inadequate and would have to be mostly re-done anyway. The
locking in a uni-processor kernel was a no-op but went a long way toward
making the code difficult to read and debug.
5) Places that attempted to kludge-up the fact that we don't have kernel
thread support have been fixed to reflect the reality that we are really
dealing with processes, not threads. The VM system didn't have complete
thread support, so the comments and mis-named routines were just wrong.
We now use tsleep and wakeup directly in the lock routines, for instance.
6) Where appropriate, the pagers have been improved, especially in the
pager_alloc routines. Most of the pager_allocs have been rewritten and
are now faster and easier to maintain.
7) The pagedaemon pageout clustering algorithm has been rewritten and
now tries harder to output an even number of pages before and after
the requested page. This is sort of the reverse of the ideal pagein
algorithm and should provide better overall performance.
8) Unnecessary (incorrect) casts to caddr_t in calls to tsleep & wakeup
have been removed. Some other unnecessary casts have also been removed.
9) Some almost useless debugging code removed.
10) Terminology of shadow objects vs. backing objects straightened out.
The fact that the vm_object data structure escentially had this
backwards really confused things. The use of "shadow" and "backing
object" throughout the code is now internally consistent and correct
in the Mach terminology.
11) Several minor bug fixes, including one in the vm daemon that caused
0 RSS objects to not get purged as intended.
12) A "default pager" has now been created which cleans up the transition
of objects to the "swap" type. The previous checks throughout the code
for swp->pg_data != NULL were really ugly. This change also provides
the rudiments for future backing of "anonymous" memory by something
other than the swap pager (via the vnode pager, for example), and it
allows the decision about which of these pagers to use to be made
dynamically (although will need some additional decision code to do
this, of course).
13) (dyson) MAP_COPY has been deprecated and the corresponding "copy
object" code has been removed. MAP_COPY was undocumented and non-
standard. It was furthermore broken in several ways which caused its
behavior to degrade to MAP_PRIVATE. Binaries that use MAP_COPY will
continue to work correctly, but via the slightly different semantics
of MAP_PRIVATE.
14) (dyson) Sharing maps have been removed. It's marginal usefulness in a
threads design can be worked around in other ways. Both #12 and #13
were done to simplify the code and improve readability and maintain-
ability. (As were most all of these changes)
TODO:
1) Rewrite most of the vnode pager to use VOP_GETPAGES/PUTPAGES. Doing
this will reduce the vnode pager to a mere fraction of its current size.
2) Rewrite vm_fault and the swap/vnode pagers to use the clustering
information provided by the new haspage pager interface. This will
substantially reduce the overhead by eliminating a large number of
VOP_BMAP() calls. The VOP_BMAP() filesystem interface should be
improved to provide both a "behind" and "ahead" indication of
contiguousness.
3) Implement the extended features of pager_haspage in swap_pager_haspage().
It currently just says 0 pages ahead/behind.
4) Re-implement the swap device (swstrategy) in a more elegant way, perhaps
via a much more general mechanism that could also be used for disk
striping of regular filesystems.
5) Do something to improve the architecture of vm_object_collapse(). The
fact that it makes calls into the swap pager and knows too much about
how the swap pager operates really bothers me. It also doesn't allow
for collapsing of non-swap pager objects ("unnamed" objects backed by
other pagers).
2) Removed unnecessary vm_object_lookup()/pager_cache(object, TRUE) pairs
after vnode_pager_alloc() calls - the object is already guaranteed to be
persistent.
3) Removed some gratuitous casts.
1) Files weren't properly synced on filesystems other than UFS. In some
cases, this lead to lost data. Most likely would be noticed on NFS.
The fix is to make the VM page sync/object_clean general rather than
in each filesystem.
2) Mixing regular and mmaped file I/O on NFS was very broken. It caused
chunks of files to end up as zeroes rather than the intended contents.
The fix was to fix several race conditions and to kludge up the
"b_dirtyoff" and "b_dirtyend" that NFS relies upon - paying attention
to page modifications that occurred via the mmapping.
Reviewed by: David Greenman
Submitted by: John Dyson
when the single user shell was terminated. These changes disallow mounting
or R/W upgrading filesystems that are dirty unless "-f" (force) option
is used with mount. /etc/rc has been modified to abort the startup if
one or more non-nfs partitions fail to mount.
Reviewed by: Poul-Henning Kamp, Rod Grimes
It was previously after the VOP_RENAME and the reference and lock on
the vnode had already been lost, allowing interesting internel
inconsistencies. This is one of the two reasons why freefall was crashing
every hour or two (the other being nullfs bugs).
Don't call vnode_pager_uncache in revoke(). revoke() is only allowed on
VCHR and VBLK vnodes.
Find enclosed a short bugfix to get the union filesystem up and running
in FreeBSD-current. We don't think we've got all the problems yet but
these fixes sort out the major ones (which mostly concert bad locking
of vnodes), no doubt we'll post others as necessary. Known problems
include the inability of the umount command (not the system call) to unmount
unions in certain circumstances (this is due the way "realpath" works),
and the failure of direntries to always get all available files in
unioned subdirectories. We are, as they say, working on it.
Submitted by: tim@cs.city.ac.uk (Tim Wilkinson)
- Make a number of filesystems work again when they are statically compiled
(blush)
- FIFOs are no longer optional; ``options FIFO'' removed from distributed
config files.
machdep.c:
Changed printf's a little and call vfs_unmountall() if the sync was
successful.
cd9660_vfsops.c, ffs_vfsops.c, nfs_vfsops.c, lfs_vfsops.c:
Allow dismount of root FS. It is now disallowed at a higher level.
vfs_conf.c:
Removed unused rootfs global.
vfs_subr.c:
Added new routines vfs_unmountall and vfs_unmountroot. Filesystems
are now dismounted if the machine is properly rebooted.
ffs_vfsops.c:
Toggle clean bit at the appropriate places. Print warning if an
unclean FS is mounted.
ffs_vfsops.c, lfs_vfsops.c:
Fix bug in selecting proper flags for VOP_CLOSE().
vfs_syscalls.c:
Disallow dismounting root FS via umount syscall.
