Changes include modifications in kernel crash dump routines, dumpon(8) and
savecore(8). A new tool called decryptcore(8) was added.
A new DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was added to send a kernel crash dump
configuration in the diocskerneldump_arg structure to the kernel.
The old DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control was renamed to DIOCSKERNELDUMP_FREEBSD11 for
backward ABI compatibility.
dumpon(8) generates an one-time random symmetric key and encrypts it using
an RSA public key in capability mode. Currently only AES-256-CBC is supported
but EKCD was designed to implement support for other algorithms in the future.
The public key is chosen using the -k flag. The dumpon rc(8) script can do this
automatically during startup using the dumppubkey rc.conf(5) variable. Once the
keys are calculated dumpon sends them to the kernel via DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O
control.
When the kernel receives the DIOCSKERNELDUMP I/O control it generates a random
IV and sets up the key schedule for the specified algorithm. Each time the
kernel tries to write a crash dump to the dump device, the IV is replaced by
a SHA-256 hash of the previous value. This is intended to make a possible
differential cryptanalysis harder since it is possible to write multiple crash
dumps without reboot by repeating the following commands:
# sysctl debug.kdb.enter=1
db> call doadump(0)
db> continue
# savecore
A kernel dump key consists of an algorithm identifier, an IV and an encrypted
symmetric key. The kernel dump key size is included in a kernel dump header.
The size is an unsigned 32-bit integer and it is aligned to a block size.
The header structure has 512 bytes to match the block size so it was required to
make a panic string 4 bytes shorter to add a new field to the header structure.
If the kernel dump key size in the header is nonzero it is assumed that the
kernel dump key is placed after the first header on the dump device and the core
dump is encrypted.
Separate functions were implemented to write the kernel dump header and the
kernel dump key as they need to be unencrypted. The dump_write function encrypts
data if the kernel was compiled with the EKCD option. Encrypted kernel textdumps
are not supported due to the way they are constructed which makes it impossible
to use the CBC mode for encryption. It should be also noted that textdumps don't
contain sensitive data by design as a user decides what information should be
dumped.
savecore(8) writes the kernel dump key to a key.# file if its size in the header
is nonzero. # is the number of the current core dump.
decryptcore(8) decrypts the core dump using a private RSA key and the kernel
dump key. This is performed by a child process in capability mode.
If the decryption was not successful the parent process removes a partially
decrypted core dump.
Description on how to encrypt crash dumps was added to the decryptcore(8),
dumpon(8), rc.conf(5) and savecore(8) manual pages.
EKCD was tested on amd64 using bhyve and i386, mipsel and sparc64 using QEMU.
The feature still has to be tested on arm and arm64 as it wasn't possible to run
FreeBSD due to the problems with QEMU emulation and lack of hardware.
Designed by: def, pjd
Reviewed by: cem, oshogbo, pjd
Partial review: delphij, emaste, jhb, kib
Approved by: pjd (mentor)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4712
with no creative content. Include "lost" changes from git:
o Use /dev/efi instead of /dev/efidev
o Remove redundant NULL checks.
Submitted by: kib@, dim@, zbb@, emaste@
to add actions that run when a TCP frame is sent or received on a TCP
session in the ESTABLISHED state. In the base tree, this functionality is
only used for the h_ertt module, which is used by the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd,
and cc_vegas congestion control modules.
Presently, we incur overhead to check for hooks each time a TCP frame is
sent or received on an ESTABLISHED TCP session.
This change adds a new compile-time option (TCP_HHOOK) to determine whether
to include the hhook(9) framework for TCP. To retain backwards
compatibility, I added the TCP_HHOOK option to every configuration file that
already defined "options INET". (Therefore, this patch introduces no
functional change. In order to see a functional difference, you need to
compile a custom kernel without the TCP_HHOOK option.) This change will
allow users to easily exclude this functionality from their kernel, should
they wish to do so.
Note that any users who use a custom kernel configuration and use one of the
congestion control modules listed above will need to add the TCP_HHOOK
option to their kernel configuration.
Reviewed by: rrs, lstewart, hiren (previous version), sjg (makefiles only)
Sponsored by: Netflix
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D8185
Move PMAP_TS_REFERENCED_MAX out of the various pmap implementations and
into vm/pmap.h, and describe what its purpose is. Eliminate the archaic
"XXX" comment about its value. I don't believe that its exact value, e.g.,
5 versus 6, matters.
Update the arm64 and riscv pmap implementations of pmap_ts_referenced()
to opportunistically update the page's dirty field.
On amd64, use the PDE value already cached in a local variable rather than
dereferencing a pointer again and again.
Reviewed by: kib, markj
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7836
have the serious problem of not actually attaching the hardware they
are driving at the bus level. This causes creator(4) and machfb(4)
to attach and drive the very same hardware in parallel when both
syscons(4) and vt(4) as well as their associated hardware drivers
are built into a kernel, i. e. GENERIC, at the same time.
Also, syscons(4) and its drivers still are way superior to vt(4) and
its equivalents; unlike the syscons(4) counterparts the vt(4) drivers
don't provide hardware acceleration resulting in considerably slower
screen drawing, creator_vt(4) doesn't provide a /dev/fb node as
required by the Xorg sunffb(4) etc. In theory, vt_ofwfb(4) should be
able to handle more devices than machfb(4). However, testing shows
that it hardly works with any hardware machfb(4) isn't also able to
drive, making vt(4) and vt_ofwfb(4) not favorable for the time being
from that perspective either.
MFC after: 3 days
like we've done elsewhere, e.g., amd64.
As an optimization to the machine-independent layer, change the machine-
dependent pmap_ts_referenced() so that it updates the page's dirty field
if a modified bit is found while counting reference bits. This
opportunistic update can be performed at low cost and can eliminate the
need for some future calls to pmap_is_modified() by the machine-
independent layer.
MFC after: 3 weeks
Idle page zeroing has been disabled by default on all architectures since
r170816 and has some bugs that make it seemingly unusable. Specifically,
the idle-priority pagezero thread exacerbates contention for the free page
lock, and yields the CPU without releasing it in non-preemptive kernels. The
pagezero thread also does not behave correctly when superpage reservations
are enabled: its target is a function of v_free_count, which includes
reserved-but-free pages, but it is only able to zero pages belonging to the
physical memory allocator.
Reviewed by: alc, imp, kib
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7714
Uses of commas instead of a semicolons can easily go undetected. The comma
can serve as a statement separator but this shouldn't be abused when
statements are meant to be standalone.
Detected with devel/coccinelle following a hint from DragonFlyBSD.
MFC after: 1 month
Several files use the internal name of `struct device` instead of
`device_t` which is part of the public API. This patch changes all
`struct device *` to `device_t`.
The remaining occurrences of `struct device` are those referring to the
Linux or OpenBSD version of the structure, or the code is not built on
FreeBSD and it's unclear what to do.
Submitted by: Matthew Macy <mmacy@nextbsd.org> (previous version)
Approved by: emaste, jhibbits, sbruno
MFC after: 3 days
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7447
threads, to make it less confusing and using modern kernel terms.
Rename the functions to reflect current use of the functions, instead
of the historic KSE conventions:
cpu_set_fork_handler -> cpu_fork_kthread_handler (for kthreads)
cpu_set_upcall -> cpu_copy_thread (for forks)
cpu_set_upcall_kse -> cpu_set_upcall (for new threads creation)
Reviewed by: jhb (previous version)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Approved by: re (hrs)
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6731
Add a pair of bus methods that can be used to "map" resources for direct
CPU access using bus_space(9). bus_map_resource() creates a mapping and
bus_unmap_resource() releases a previously created mapping. Mappings are
described by 'struct resource_map' object. Pointers to these objects can
be passed as the first argument to the bus_space wrapper API used for bus
resources.
Drivers that wish to map all of a resource using default settings
(for example, using uncacheable memory attributes) do not need to change.
However, drivers that wish to use non-default settings can now do so
without jumping through hoops.
First, an RF_UNMAPPED flag is added to request that a resource is not
implicitly mapped with the default settings when it is activated. This
permits other activation steps (such as enabling I/O or memory decoding
in a device's PCI command register) to be taken without creating a
mapping. Right now the AGP drivers don't set RF_ACTIVE to avoid using
up a large amount of KVA to map the AGP aperture on 32-bit platforms.
Once RF_UNMAPPED is supported on all platforms that support AGP this
can be changed to using RF_UNMAPPED with RF_ACTIVE instead.
Second, bus_map_resource accepts an optional structure that defines
additional settings for a given mapping.
For example, a driver can now request to map only a subset of a resource
instead of the entire range. The AGP driver could also use this to only
map the first page of the aperture (IIRC, it calls pmap_mapdev() directly
to map the first page currently). I will also eventually change the
PCI-PCI bridge driver to request mappings of the subset of the I/O window
resource on its parent side to create mappings for child devices rather
than passing child resources directly up to nexus to be mapped. This
also permits bridges that do address translation to request suitable
mappings from a resource on the "upper" side of the bus when mapping
resources on the "lower" side of the bus.
Another attribute that can be specified is an alternate memory attribute
for memory-mapped resources. This can be used to request a
Write-Combining mapping of a PCI BAR in an MI fashion. (Currently the
drivers that do this call pmap_change_attr() directly for x86 only.)
Note that this commit only adds the MI framework. Each platform needs
to add support for handling RF_UNMAPPED and thew new
bus_map/unmap_resource methods. Generally speaking, any drivers that
are calling rman_set_bustag() and rman_set_bushandle() need to be
updated.
Discussed on: arch
Reviewed by: cem
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5237
This allows the PCI-PCI bridge driver to save a reference to the child
device in its softc.
Note that this required moving the "pci" device creation out of
acpi_pcib_attach(). Instead, acpi_pcib_attach() is renamed to
acpi_pcib_fetch_prt() as it's sole action now is to fetch the PCI
interrupt routing table.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6021
Rescanning a PCI bus uses the following steps:
- Fetch the current set of child devices and save it in the 'devlist'
array.
- Allocate a parallel array 'unchanged' initalized with NULL pointers.
- Scan the bus checking each slot (and each function on slots with a
multifunction device).
- If a valid function is found, look for a matching device in the 'devlist'
array. If a device is found, save the pointer in the 'unchanged' array.
If a device is not found, add a new device.
- After the scan has finished, walk the 'devlist' array deleting any
devices that do not have a matching pointer in the 'unchanged' array.
- Finally, fetch an updated set of child devices and explicitly attach any
devices that are not present in the 'unchanged' array.
This builds on the previous changes to move subclass data management into
pci_alloc_devinfo(), pci_child_added(), and bus_child_deleted().
Subclasses of the PCI bus use custom rescan logic explicitly override the
rescan method to disable rescans.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6018
The ACPI and OFW PCI bus drivers as well as CardBus override this to
allocate the larger ivars to hold additional info beyond the stock PCI ivars.
This removes the need to pass the size to functions like pci_add_iov_child()
and pci_read_device() simplifying IOV and bus rescanning implementations.
As a result of this and earlier changes, the ACPI PCI bus driver no longer
needs its own device_attach and pci_create_iov_child methods but can use
the methods in the stock PCI bus driver instead.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5891
addresses exceeding 32 bit, so bump BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR to 64 bit.
The whole situation is sub par, though; prior to r296250 and despite
what their names imply, BUS_SPACE_MAX* were primarily, even almost
exclusively used for bus_dma(9). Now these macros also have a vital
role for bus_space(9). However, it does not necessarily hold that
both bus DMA and space addresses universally have the same limits
per platform.
As for sparc64, 64 bit clearly is beyond what can be addressed via
the various IOMMUs. With this change in place, we now rely on the
parent bus DMA tags of the host-to-foo drivers causing the child
tags to be capped as necessary.
PR: 207998
Instead of providing a wrapper around device_delete_child() that the PCI
bus and child bus drivers must call explicitly, move the bulk of the logic
from pci_delete_child() into a bus_child_deleted() method
(pci_child_deleted()). This allows PCI devices to be safely deleted via
device_delete_child().
- Add a bus_child_deleted method to the ACPI PCI bus which clears the
device_t associated with the corresponding ACPI handle in addition to
the normal PCI bus cleanup.
- Change cardbus_detach_card to call device_delete_children() and move
CardBus-specific delete logic into a new cardbus_child_deleted() method.
- Use device_delete_child() instead of pci_delete_child() in the SRIOV code.
- Add a bus_child_deleted method to the OpenFirmware PCI bus drivers which
frees the OpenFirmware device info for each PCI device.
Reviewed by: imp
Tested on: amd64 (CardBus and PCI-e hotplug)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5831
On some architectures, u_long isn't large enough for resource definitions.
Particularly, powerpc and arm allow 36-bit (or larger) physical addresses, but
type `long' is only 32-bit. This extends rman's resources to uintmax_t. With
this change, any resource can feasibly be placed anywhere in physical memory
(within the constraints of the driver).
Why uintmax_t and not something machine dependent, or uint64_t? Though it's
possible for uintmax_t to grow, it's highly unlikely it will become 128-bit on
32-bit architectures. 64-bit architectures should have plenty of RAM to absorb
the increase on resource sizes if and when this occurs, and the number of
resources on memory-constrained systems should be sufficiently small as to not
pose a drastic overhead. That being said, uintmax_t was chosen for source
clarity. If it's specified as uint64_t, all printf()-like calls would either
need casts to uintmax_t, or be littered with PRI*64 macros. Casts to uintmax_t
aren't horrible, but it would also bake into the API for
resource_list_print_type() either a hidden assumption that entries get cast to
uintmax_t for printing, or these calls would need the PRI*64 macros. Since
source code is meant to be read more often than written, I chose the clearest
path of simply using uintmax_t.
Tested on a PowerPC p5020-based board, which places all device resources in
0xfxxxxxxxx, and has 8GB RAM.
Regression tested on qemu-system-i386
Regression tested on qemu-system-mips (malta profile)
Tested PAE and devinfo on virtualbox (live CD)
Special thanks to bz for his testing on ARM.
Reviewed By: bz, jhb (previous)
Relnotes: Yes
Sponsored by: Alex Perez/Inertial Computing
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4544
Summary:
As part of the migration of rman_res_t to be typed to uintmax_t, memory ranges
must be clamped appropriately for the bus, to prevent completely bogus addresses
from being used.
This is extracted from D4544.
Reviewed By: cem
Sponsored by: Alex Perez/Inertial Computing
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5134
This simplifies checking for default resource range for bus_alloc_resource(),
and improves readability.
This is part of, and related to, the migration of rman_res_t from u_long to
uintmax_t.
Discussed with: jhb
Suggested by: marcel
Provide bus_get_bus_tag() for sparc64, powerpc, arm, arm64 and mips
nexus and its children in order to return a platform specific default tag.
This is required to ensure generic correctness of the bus_space tag.
It is especially needed for arches where child bus tag does not match
the parent bus tag. This solves the problem with ppc architecture
where the PCI bus tag differs from parent bus tag which is big-endian.
This commit is a part of the following patch:
https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4879
Submitted by: Marcin Mazurek <mma@semihalf.com>
Obtained from: Semihalf
Sponsored by: Annapurna Labs
Reviewed by: jhibbits, mmel
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4879
ucontext_t available. Our code even has XXX comment about this.
Add a bit of compliance by moving struct __ucontext definition into
sys/_ucontext.h and including it into signal.h and sys/ucontext.h.
Several machine/ucontext.h headers were changed to use namespace-safe
types (like uint64_t->__uint64_t) to not depend on sys/types.h.
struct __stack_t from sys/signal.h is made always visible in private
namespace to satisfy sys/_ucontext.h requirements.
Apparently mips _types.h pollutes global namespace with f_register_t
type definition. This commit does not try to fix the issue.
PR: 207079
Reported and tested by: Ting-Wei Lan <lantw44@gmail.com>
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 2 weeks
POSIX requires these members to be of type void * rather than the
char * inherited from 4BSD. NetBSD and OpenBSD both changed their
fields to void * back in 1998. No new build failures were reported
via an exp-run.
PR: 206503 (exp-run)
Reviewed by: kib
MFC after: 1 week
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5092
Summary:
Migrate to using the semi-opaque type rman_res_t to specify rman resources. For
now, this is still compatible with u_long.
This is step one in migrating rman to use uintmax_t for resources instead of
u_long.
Going forward, this could feasibly be used to specify architecture-specific
definitions of resource ranges, rather than baking a specific integer type into
the API.
This change has been broken out to facilitate MFC'ing drivers back to 10 without
breaking ABI.
Reviewed By: jhb
Sponsored by: Alex Perez/Inertial Computing
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5075
tree parsing opt-out rather than opt-in. All FDT-based systems as well as
PowerPC systems with real Open Firmware use the CHRP-derived binding that
includes it, which makes SPARC the odd man out here. Making it opt-out
avoids astonishment on new platform bring up.
providing compiled-in static environment data that is used instead of any
data passed in from a boot loader.
Previously 'env' worked only on i386 and arm xscale systems, because it
required the MD startup code to examine the global envmode variable and
decide whether to use static_env or an environment obtained from the boot
loader, and set the global kern_envp accordingly. Most startup code wasn't
doing so. Making things even more complex, some mips startup code uses an
alternate scheme that involves calling init_static_kenv() to pass an empty
buffer and its size, then uses a series of kern_setenv() calls to populate
that buffer.
Now all MD startup code calls init_static_kenv(), and that routine provides
a single point where envmode is checked and the decision is made whether to
use the compiled-in static_kenv or the values provided by the MD code.
The routine also continues to serve its original purpose for mips; if a
non-zero buffer size is passed the routine installs the empty buffer ready
to accept kern_setenv() values. Now if the size is zero, the provided buffer
full of existing env data is installed. A NULL pointer can be passed if the
boot loader provides no env data; this allows the static env to be installed
if envmode is set to do so.
Most of the work here is a near-mechanical change to call the init function
instead of directly setting kern_envp. A notable exception is in xen/pv.c;
that code was originally installing a buffer full of preformatted env data
along with its non-zero size (like mips code does), which would have allowed
kern_setenv() calls to wipe out the preformatted data. Now it passes a zero
for the size so that the buffer of data it installs is treated as
non-writeable.
CPU_ISSET(), CPU_SET etc. in sparc64 asm. This approach has the
benefit of not clobbering %y, allowing to revert r222827 and
partially r222828.
- In r222828, CATR() already was changed to use the equivalent of
PCPU_GET(cpuid) instead of the MD module ID for KTR_CPU, so
belatedly also catch up with the C side of ktr(9). Originally,
in r203838 CATR() was moved away from directly reading the
module ID or equivalent as that became impractical with other
CPU types than USI/II supported. With r222828 in place, per-CPU
data generally is set up soon enough, though, that employing
PCPU things in ktr(9) also for use during early stages works.
- Unfortunately, an exception to the latter is the ktr(9) use
in pmap_bootstrap(), which actually is run so early that even
checking for bootverbose being set via the loader doesn't work.
Consequently, replace the ktr(9) use in pmap_bootstrap() with
OF_printf(9) and put it under #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC instead.
MFC after: 3 days
sysent.
sv_prepsyscall is unused.
sv_sigsize and sv_sigtbl translate signal number from the FreeBSD
namespace into the ABI domain. It is only utilized on i386 for iBCS2
binaries. The issue with this approach is that signals for iBCS2 were
delivered with the FreeBSD signal frame layout, which does not follow
iBCS2. The same note is true for any other potential user if
sv_sigtbl. In other words, if ABI needs signal number translation, it
really needs custom sv_sendsig method instead.
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
- Add a kvaddr_type to represent kernel virtual addresses instead of
unsigned long.
- Add a struct kvm_nlist which is a stripped down version of struct nlist
that uses kvaddr_t for n_value.
- Add a kvm_native() routine that returns true if an open kvm descriptor
is for a native kernel and memory image.
- Add a kvm_open2() function similar to kvm_openfiles(). It drops the
unused 'swapfile' argument and adds a new function pointer argument for
a symbol resolving function. Native kernels still use _fdnlist() from
libc to resolve symbols if a resolver function is not supplied, but cross
kernels require a resolver.
- Add a kvm_nlist2() function similar to kvm_nlist() except that it uses
struct kvm_nlist instead of struct nlist.
- Add a kvm_read2() function similar to kvm_read() except that it uses
kvaddr_t instead of unsigned long for the kernel virtual address.
- Add a new kvm_arch switch of routines needed by a vmcore backend.
Each backend is responsible for implementing kvm_read2() for a given
vmcore format.
- Use libelf to read headers from ELF kernels and cores (except for
powerpc cores).
- Add internal helper routines for the common page offset hash table used
by the minidump backends.
- Port all of the existing kvm backends to implement a kvm_arch switch and
to be cross-friendly by using private constants instead of ones that
vary by platform (e.g. PAGE_SIZE). Static assertions are present when
a given backend is compiled natively to ensure the private constants
match the real ones.
- Enable all of the existing vmcore backends on all platforms. This means
that libkvm on any platform should be able to perform KVA translation
and read data from a vmcore of any platform.
Tested on: amd64, i386, sparc64 (marius)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3341
