/* * Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 Kenneth D. Merry * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. * * $FreeBSD$ */ /* * Parts of this program are derived from the original FreeBSD iostat * program: */ /*- * Copyright (c) 1986, 1991, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * Ideas for the new iostat statistics output modes taken from the NetBSD * version of iostat: */ /* * Copyright (c) 1996 John M. Vinopal * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project * by John M. Vinopal. * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include struct nlist namelist[] = { #define X_TK_NIN 0 { "_tk_nin" }, #define X_TK_NOUT 1 { "_tk_nout" }, #define X_CP_TIME 2 { "_cp_time" }, #define X_BOOTTIME 3 { "_boottime" }, #define X_END 3 { NULL }, }; struct statinfo cur, last; int num_devices; struct device_selection *dev_select; int maxshowdevs; volatile sig_atomic_t headercount; int dflag = 0, Iflag = 0, Cflag = 0, Tflag = 0, oflag = 0, Kflag = 0; int xflag = 0, zflag = 0; /* local function declarations */ static void usage(void); static void needhdr(int signo); static void phdr(void); static void devstats(int perf_select, long double etime, int havelast); static void cpustats(void); static int readvar(kvm_t *kd, const char *name, int nlid, void *ptr, size_t len); static void usage(void) { /* * We also support the following 'traditional' syntax: * iostat [drives] [wait [count]] * This isn't mentioned in the man page, or the usage statement, * but it is supported. */ fprintf(stderr, "usage: iostat [-CdhIKoTxz?] [-c count] [-M core]" " [-n devs] [-N system]\n" "\t [-t type,if,pass] [-w wait] [drives]\n"); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int c, i; int tflag = 0, hflag = 0, cflag = 0, wflag = 0, nflag = 0; int count = 0, waittime = 0; char *memf = NULL, *nlistf = NULL; struct devstat_match *matches; int num_matches = 0; char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX]; kvm_t *kd = NULL; long generation; int num_devices_specified; int num_selected, num_selections; long select_generation; char **specified_devices; devstat_select_mode select_mode; int havelast = 0; matches = NULL; maxshowdevs = 3; while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:CdhIKM:n:N:ot:Tw:xz?")) != -1) { switch(c) { case 'c': cflag++; count = atoi(optarg); if (count < 1) errx(1, "count %d is < 1", count); break; case 'C': Cflag++; break; case 'd': dflag++; break; case 'h': hflag++; break; case 'I': Iflag++; break; case 'K': Kflag++; break; case 'M': memf = optarg; break; case 'n': nflag++; maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg); if (maxshowdevs < 0) errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0", maxshowdevs); break; case 'N': nlistf = optarg; break; case 'o': oflag++; break; case 't': tflag++; if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 'T': Tflag++; break; case 'w': wflag++; waittime = atoi(optarg); if (waittime < 1) errx(1, "wait time is < 1"); break; case 'x': xflag++; break; case 'z': zflag++; break; default: usage(); exit(1); break; } } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL) { kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf); if (kd == NULL) errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf); if (kvm_nlist(kd, namelist) == -1) errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd)); } /* * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the kernel * devstat version. If not, exit and print a message informing * the user of his mistake. */ if (devstat_checkversion(kd) < 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); /* * Make sure Tflag and/or Cflag are set if dflag == 0. If dflag is * greater than 0, they may be 0 or non-zero. */ if (dflag == 0 && xflag == 0) { Cflag = 1; Tflag = 1; } /* find out how many devices we have */ if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(kd)) < 0) err(1, "can't get number of devices"); /* * Figure out how many devices we should display. */ if (nflag == 0) { if (xflag > 0) maxshowdevs = num_devices; else if (oflag > 0) { if ((dflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0) && (Tflag == 0)) maxshowdevs = 5; else if ((dflag > 0) && (Tflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0)) maxshowdevs = 5; else maxshowdevs = 4; } else { if ((dflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0)) maxshowdevs = 4; else maxshowdevs = 3; } } cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo)); if (cur.dinfo == NULL) err(1, "malloc failed"); last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo)); if (last.dinfo == NULL) err(1, "malloc failed"); bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo)); bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo)); /* * Grab all the devices. We don't look to see if the list has * changed here, since it almost certainly has. We only look for * errors. */ if (devstat_getdevs(kd, &cur) == -1) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs; generation = cur.dinfo->generation; /* * If the user specified any devices on the command line, see if * they are in the list of devices we have now. */ specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *)); if (specified_devices == NULL) err(1, "malloc failed"); for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) { if (isdigit(**argv)) break; num_devices_specified++; specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices, sizeof(char *) * num_devices_specified); if (specified_devices == NULL) err(1, "realloc failed"); specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv; } if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified) maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified; dev_select = NULL; if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD; else select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY; /* * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0 * or 1. If we get back -1, though, there is an error. */ if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections, &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices, num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs, hflag) == -1) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); /* * Look for the traditional wait time and count arguments. */ if (*argv) { waittime = atoi(*argv); /* Let the user know he goofed, but keep going anyway */ if (wflag != 0) warnx("discarding previous wait interval, using" " %d instead", waittime); wflag++; if (*++argv) { count = atoi(*argv); if (cflag != 0) warnx("discarding previous count, using %d" " instead", count); cflag++; } else count = -1; } /* * If the user specified a count, but not an interval, we default * to an interval of 1 second. */ if ((wflag == 0) && (cflag > 0)) waittime = 1; /* * If the user specified a wait time, but not a count, we want to * go on ad infinitum. This can be redundant if the user uses the * traditional method of specifying the wait, since in that case we * already set count = -1 above. Oh well. */ if ((wflag > 0) && (cflag == 0)) count = -1; bzero(&cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time)); cur.tk_nout = 0; cur.tk_nin = 0; /* * Set the snap time to the system boot time (ie: zero), so the * stats are calculated since system boot. */ cur.snap_time = 0; /* * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it, * print out the header again. */ (void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr); for (headercount = 1;;) { struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo; long tmp; long double etime; if (Tflag > 0) { if ((readvar(kd, "kern.tty_nin", X_TK_NIN, &cur.tk_nin, sizeof(cur.tk_nin)) != 0) || (readvar(kd, "kern.tty_nout", X_TK_NOUT, &cur.tk_nout, sizeof(cur.tk_nout))!= 0)) { Tflag = 0; warnx("disabling TTY statistics"); } } if (Cflag > 0) { if (readvar(kd, "kern.cp_time", X_CP_TIME, &cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time)) != 0) { Cflag = 0; warnx("disabling CPU time statistics"); } } if (!--headercount) { phdr(); headercount = 20; } tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo; last.dinfo = cur.dinfo; cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo; last.snap_time = cur.snap_time; /* * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats. * devstat_getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed. * If the device list has changed, we want to go through * the selection process again, in case a device that we * were previously displaying has gone away. */ switch (devstat_getdevs(kd, &cur)) { case -1: errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 1: { int retval; num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs; generation = cur.dinfo->generation; retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections, &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices, num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs, hflag); switch(retval) { case -1: errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 1: phdr(); headercount = 20; break; default: break; } break; } default: break; } /* * We only want to re-select devices if we're in 'top' * mode. This is the only mode where the devices selected * could actually change. */ if (hflag > 0) { int retval; retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections, &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices, num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs, hflag); switch(retval) { case -1: errx(1,"%s", devstat_errbuf); break; case 1: phdr(); headercount = 20; break; default: break; } } if (Tflag > 0) { tmp = cur.tk_nin; cur.tk_nin -= last.tk_nin; last.tk_nin = tmp; tmp = cur.tk_nout; cur.tk_nout -= last.tk_nout; last.tk_nout = tmp; } etime = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time; if (etime == 0.0) etime = 1.0; for (i = 0; i < CPUSTATES; i++) { tmp = cur.cp_time[i]; cur.cp_time[i] -= last.cp_time[i]; last.cp_time[i] = tmp; } if (xflag == 0 && Tflag > 0) printf("%4.0Lf%5.0Lf", cur.tk_nin / etime, cur.tk_nout / etime); devstats(hflag, etime, havelast); if (xflag == 0) { if (Cflag > 0) cpustats(); printf("\n"); } fflush(stdout); if (count >= 0 && --count <= 0) break; sleep(waittime); havelast = 1; } exit(0); } /* * Force a header to be prepended to the next output. */ void needhdr(int signo) { headercount = 1; } static void phdr(void) { int i, printed; /* * If xflag is set, we need a per-loop header, not a page header, so * just return. We'll print the header in devstats(). */ if (xflag > 0) return; if (Tflag > 0) (void)printf(" tty"); for (i = 0, printed=0;(i < num_devices) && (printed < maxshowdevs);i++){ int di; if ((dev_select[i].selected != 0) && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) { di = dev_select[i].position; if (oflag > 0) (void)printf("%12.6s%d ", cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name, cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number); else printf("%15.6s%d ", cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name, cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number); printed++; } } if (Cflag > 0) (void)printf(" cpu\n"); else (void)printf("\n"); if (Tflag > 0) (void)printf(" tin tout"); for (i=0, printed = 0;(i < num_devices) && (printed < maxshowdevs);i++){ if ((dev_select[i].selected != 0) && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) { if (oflag > 0) { if (Iflag == 0) (void)printf(" sps tps msps "); else (void)printf(" blk xfr msps "); } else { if (Iflag == 0) printf(" KB/t tps MB/s "); else printf(" KB/t xfrs MB "); } printed++; } } if (Cflag > 0) (void)printf(" us ni sy in id\n"); else printf("\n"); } static void devstats(int perf_select, long double etime, int havelast) { int dn; long double transfers_per_second, transfers_per_second_read, transfers_per_second_write; long double kb_per_transfer, mb_per_second, mb_per_second_read, mb_per_second_write; u_int64_t total_bytes, total_transfers, total_blocks; u_int64_t total_bytes_read, total_transfers_read; u_int64_t total_bytes_write, total_transfers_write; long double busy_pct; u_int64_t queue_len; long double total_mb; long double blocks_per_second, ms_per_transaction; int firstline = 1; char *devname; if (xflag > 0) { printf(" extended device statistics "); if (Tflag > 0) printf(" tty "); if (Cflag > 0) printf(" cpu "); printf("\n"); if (Iflag == 0) printf( "device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait svc_t %%b " ); else printf( "device r/i w/i kr/i kw/i wait svc_t %%b " ); if (Tflag > 0) printf("tin tout "); if (Cflag > 0) printf("us ni sy in id "); printf("\n"); } for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) { int di; if (((perf_select == 0) && (dev_select[dn].selected == 0)) || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs)) continue; di = dev_select[dn].position; if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di], havelast ? &last.dinfo->devices[di] : NULL, etime, DSM_TOTAL_BYTES, &total_bytes, DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_READ, &total_bytes_read, DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_WRITE, &total_bytes_write, DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS, &total_transfers, DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS_READ, &total_transfers_read, DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS_WRITE, &total_transfers_write, DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS, &total_blocks, DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER, &kb_per_transfer, DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second, DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_READ, &transfers_per_second_read, DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_WRITE, &transfers_per_second_write, DSM_MB_PER_SECOND, &mb_per_second, DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_READ, &mb_per_second_read, DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_WRITE, &mb_per_second_write, DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND, &blocks_per_second, DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION, &ms_per_transaction, DSM_BUSY_PCT, &busy_pct, DSM_QUEUE_LENGTH, &queue_len, DSM_NONE) != 0) errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf); if (perf_select != 0) { dev_select[dn].bytes = total_bytes; if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0) || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs)) continue; } if (Kflag > 0 || xflag > 0) { int block_size = cur.dinfo->devices[di].block_size; total_blocks = total_blocks * (block_size ? block_size : 512) / 1024; } if (xflag > 0) { if (asprintf(&devname, "%s%d", cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name, cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number) == 1) errx(1, "asprintf() failed (out of memory?)"); /* * If zflag is set, skip any devices with zero I/O. */ if (zflag == 0 || transfers_per_second_read > 0.05 || transfers_per_second_write > 0.05 || mb_per_second_read > ((long double).0005)/1024 || mb_per_second_write > ((long double).0005)/1024 || busy_pct > 0.5) { if (Iflag == 0) printf("%-8.8s %5.1Lf %5.1Lf %7.1Lf %7.1Lf %4qu %5.1Lf %3.0Lf ", devname, transfers_per_second_read, transfers_per_second_write, mb_per_second_read * 1024, mb_per_second_write * 1024, queue_len, ms_per_transaction, busy_pct); else printf("%-8.8s %5.1Lf %5.1Lf %7.1Lf %7.1Lf %4qu %5.1Lf %3.0Lf ", devname, (long double)total_transfers_read, (long double)total_transfers_write, (long double) total_bytes_read / 1024, (long double) total_bytes_write / 1024, queue_len, ms_per_transaction, busy_pct); if (firstline) { /* * If this is the first device * we're printing, also print * CPU or TTY stats if requested. */ firstline = 0; if (Tflag > 0) printf("%4.0Lf%5.0Lf", cur.tk_nin / etime, cur.tk_nout / etime); if (Cflag > 0) cpustats(); } printf("\n"); } free(devname); } else if (oflag > 0) { int msdig = (ms_per_transaction < 100.0) ? 1 : 0; if (Iflag == 0) printf("%4.0Lf%4.0Lf%5.*Lf ", blocks_per_second, transfers_per_second, msdig, ms_per_transaction); else printf("%4.1qu%4.1qu%5.*Lf ", total_blocks, total_transfers, msdig, ms_per_transaction); } else { if (Iflag == 0) printf(" %5.2Lf %3.0Lf %5.2Lf ", kb_per_transfer, transfers_per_second, mb_per_second); else { total_mb = total_bytes; total_mb /= 1024 * 1024; printf(" %5.2Lf %3.1qu %5.2Lf ", kb_per_transfer, total_transfers, total_mb); } } } if (xflag > 0 && zflag > 0 && firstline == 1 && (Tflag > 0 || Cflag > 0)) { /* * If zflag is set and we did not print any device * lines I/O because they were all zero, * print TTY/CPU stats. */ printf("%52s",""); if (Tflag > 0) printf("%4.0Lf%5.0Lf", cur.tk_nin / etime, cur.tk_nout / etime); if (Cflag > 0) cpustats(); printf("\n"); } } static void cpustats(void) { int state; double time; time = 0.0; for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) time += cur.cp_time[state]; for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state) printf(" %2.0f", rint(100. * cur.cp_time[state] / (time ? time : 1))); } static int readvar(kvm_t *kd, const char *name, int nlid, void *ptr, size_t len) { if (kd != NULL) { ssize_t nbytes; nbytes = kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlid].n_value, ptr, len); if (nbytes < 0) { warnx("kvm_read(%s): %s", namelist[nlid].n_name, kvm_geterr(kd)); return (1); } if (nbytes != len) { warnx("kvm_read(%s): expected %zu bytes, got %zd bytes", namelist[nlid].n_name, len, nbytes); return (1); } } else { size_t nlen = len; if (sysctlbyname(name, ptr, &nlen, NULL, 0) == -1) { warn("sysctl(%s...) failed", name); return (1); } if (nlen != len) { warnx("sysctl(%s...): expected %lu, got %lu", name, (unsigned long)len, (unsigned long)nlen); return (1); } } return (0); }