.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)intro.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93 .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd December 11, 1993 .Dt INTRO 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm intro .Nd "introduction to system maintenance and operation commands" .Sh DESCRIPTION This section contains information related to system operation and maintenance. It describes commands used to create new filesystems, .Xr newfs 8 , verify the integrity of the filesystems, .Xr fsck 8 , control disk usage, .Xr edquota 8 , maintain system backups, .Xr dump 8 , and recover files when disks die an untimely death, .Xr restore 8 . The .Xr format 8 manual for the specific architecture the system is running on should be consulted when formatting disks and tapes. Network related services like .Xr inetd 8 and .Xr ftpd 8 are also described. The .Xr crash 8 manual page should be consulted to understand how to interpret system crash dumps. .Pp All commands set an exit status. Its value may be tested to see if the command completed normally. Unless otherwise noted (rare), the value 0 signifies successful completion of the command, while a value >0 indicates an error. Some commands attempt to describe the nature of the failure by using error codes defined in .Xr sysexits 3 , or set the status to arbitrary values >0 (typically 1), but many such values are not described in the manual. .Sh HISTORY The .Nm section manual page appeared in .Bx 4.2 .