.\" Copyright (c) 1997 .\" Jordan Hubbard . All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Jordan Hubbard AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Jordan Hubbard OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd August 9, 1997 .Dt SYSINSTALL 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm sysinstall .Nd system installation and configuration tool .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Ar var=value .Op Ar function .Op Ar ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility is used for installing and configuring .Fx systems. It is the first utility invoked by the .Fx installation boot floppy and is also available as .Pa /usr/sbin/sysinstall on newly installed .Fx systems for use in later configuring the system. .Pp The .Nm utility is generally invoked without arguments for the default behavior, where the main installation/configuration menu is presented. .Pp On those occasions where it is deemed necessary to invoke a subsystem of sysinstall directly, however, it is also possible to do so by naming the appropriate function entry points on the command line. Since this action is essentially identical to running an installation script, each command-line argument corresponding to a line of script, the reader is encouraged to read the section on scripting for more information on this feature. .Sh NOTES The .Nm utility is essentially nothing more than a monolithic C program with the ability to write MBRs and disk labels (through the services of the .Xr libdisk 3 library) and install distributions or packages onto new and existing .Fx systems. It also contains some extra intelligence for running as a replacement for .Xr init 8 when it's invoked by the .Fx installation boot procedure. It assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls (such as .Xr mount 2 ) directly. .Pp The .Nm utility currently uses the .Xr dialog 3 library to do user interaction with simple ANSI line graphics, color support for which is enabled by either running on a syscons VTY or some other color-capable terminal emulator (newer versions of xterm will support color when using the .Dq xterm-color termcap entry). .Pp This product is currently at the end of its life cycle and will eventually be replaced. .Sh RUNNING SCRIPTS The .Nm utility may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus or run in batch mode, driven by an external script. Such a script may be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Sy "LOAD_CONFIG_FILE" If .Nm is compiled with LOAD_CONFIG_FILE set in the environment (or in the Makefile) to some value, then that value will be used as the filename to automatically look for and load when .Nm starts up and with no user interaction required. This option is aimed primarily at large sites who wish to create a single prototype install for multiple machines with largely identical configurations and/or installation options. .It Sy "MAIN MENU" If .Nm is run interactively, that is to say in the default manner, it will bring up a main menu which contains a "load config file" option. Selecting this option will prompt for the name of a script file which it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy. .It Sy "COMMAND LINE" Each command line argument is treated as a script directive when .Nm is run in multi-user mode. Execution ends either by explicit request (e.g.\& calling the .Ar shutdown directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error. .Pp For example: .Bd -literal /usr/sbin/sysinstall _ftpPath=ftp://ziggy/pub/ mediaSetFTP configPackages .Ed .Pp Would initialize .Nm for FTP installation media (using the server `ziggy') and then bring up the package installation editor, exiting when finished. .El .Sh SCRIPT SYNTAX A script is a list of one or more directives, each directive taking the form of: .Pp .Ar var=value .Pp .Ar function .Pp or .Ar #somecomment .Pp Where .Ar var=value is the assignment of some internal .Nm variable, e.g.\& "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and .Ar function is the name of an internal .Nm function, e.g.\& "mediaSetFTP", and .Ar #comment is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by sysinstall). Each directive must be by itself on a single line, functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names. This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before calling a function which requires them. .Pp The .Ar noError variable can be assigned before each directive: this will cause any error detected while processing the directive itself to be ignored. The value of .Ar noError will automatically reset to the default "unassigned" every time a directive is processed. .Pp When and where a function depends on the settings of one or more variables will be noted in the following table: .Pp .Sy "Function Glossary" : .Pp .Bl -tag -width indent .It configAnonFTP Invoke the Anonymous FTP configuration menu. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It configRouter Select which routing daemon you wish to use, potentially loading any required 3rd-party routing daemons as necessary. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It router can be set to the name of the desired routing daemon, e.g.\& .Dq routed or .Dq gated , otherwise it is prompted for. .El .It configNFSServer Configure host as an NFS server. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It configNTP Configure host as a user of the Network Time Protocol. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It ntpdate_flags The flags to .Xr ntpdate 8 , that is to say the name of the server to sync from. .El .It configPCNFSD Configure host to support PC NFS. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It pcnfsd_pkg The name of the PCNFSD package to load if necessary (defaults to hard coded version). .El .It configPackages Bring up the interactive package management menu. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It configUsers Add users and/or groups to the system. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It configXSetup Configure the X display subsystem. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It configXDesktop Configure the X desktop. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It diskPartitionEditor Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width findx .It geometry The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string. Default: no change to geometry. .It partition Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being .Ar free in order to use only remaining free space for .Fx , .Ar all to use the entire disk for .Fx but maintain a proper partition table, .Ar existing to use an existing .Fx partition (first found), .Ar exclusive to use the disk in .Dq dangerously dedicated mode or, finally, .Ar somenumber to allocate .Ar somenumber blocks of available free space to a new .Fx partition. Default: Interactive mode. .It bootManager is set to one of .Ar boot to signify the installation of a boot manager, .Ar standard to signify installation of a "standard" non-boot MGR DOS MBR or .Ar none to indicate that no change to the boot manager is desired. Default: none. .It diskInteractive If set, bring up the interactive disk partition editor. .El .Pp Note: Nothing is actually written to disk by this function, an explicit call to .Ar diskPartitionWrite being required for that to happen. .It diskPartitionWrite Causes any pending MBR changes (typically from the .Ar diskPartitionEditor function) to be written out. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It diskLabelEditor Invokes the disk label editor. This is a bit trickier from a script since you need to essentially label everything inside each .Fx (type 0xA5) partition created by the .Ar diskPartitionEditor function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are laid out. When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into the script. .Pp For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you've created a new .Fx partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1). The slice name would be .Ar da0s2 for the whole .Fx partition .Ar ( da0s1 being your DOS primary partition). Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap, var and usr file systems for .Fx . Your invocation of the .Ar diskLabelEditor function might involve setting the following variables: .Bl -tag -width findx .It Li "da0s2-1=ufs 40960 /" A 20MB root file system (all sizes are in 512 byte blocks). .It Li "da0s2-2=swap 131072 /" A 64MB swap partition. .It Li "da0s2-3=ufs 204800 /var" A 100MB /var file system. .It Li "da0s2-4=ufs 0 /usr 1" With the balance of free space (around 316MB) going to the /usr file system and with soft-updates enabled (the argument following the mount point, if non-zero, means to set the soft updates flag). .El .Pp One can also use the .Ar diskLabelEditor for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new ones. Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an .Pa /etc/fstab entry is created for it in the new installation. Before calling the .Ar diskLabelEditor function, we simply add an additional line: .Pp .Dl "da0s1=/dos_c N" .Pp before the call. This tells the label editor that you want to mount the first slice on .Pa /dos_c and not to attempt to newfs it (not that .Nm would attempt this for a DOS partition in any case, but it could just as easily be an existing UFS partition being named here and the 2nd field is non-optional). .Pp You can also set the .Ar diskInteractive variable to request that the disk label editor use an interactive dialog to partition the disk instead of using variables to explicitly layout the disk as described above. .Pp Note: No file system data is actually written to disk until an explicit call to .Ar diskLabelCommit is made. .It diskLabelCommit Writes out all pending disklabel information and creates and/or mounts any file systems which have requests pending from the .Ar diskLabelEditor function. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distReset Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected). .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetCustom Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g.\& not just one of the existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It dists List of distributions to load. Possible distribution values are: .Bl -tag -width indentxx .It Li base The base binary distribution. .It Li doc Miscellaneous documentation .It Li games Games .It Li manpages Manual pages (unformatted) .It Li catpages Pre-formatted manual pages .It Li proflibs Profiled libraries for developers. .It Li dict Dictionary information (for tools like spell). .It Li info GNU info files and other extra docs. .It Li compat1x Compatibility with .Fx 1.x .It Li compat20 Compatibility with .Fx 2.0 .It Li compat21 Compatibility with .Fx 2.1 .It Li compat22 .Fx 2.2 and .Fx 3.0 a.out binary compatibility .It Li compat3x Compatibility with .Fx 3.x (available for .Fx 4.0 systems only) .It Li compat4x Compatibility with .Fx 4.x (available for .Fx 5.0 systems only) .It Li ports The ports collection. .It Li ssecure /usr/src/secure .It Li sbase /usr/src/[top level files] .It Li scontrib /usr/src/contrib .It Li sgnu /usr/src/gnu .It Li setc /usr/src/etc .It Li sgames /usr/src/games .It Li sinclude /usr/src/include .It Li skrb5 /usr/src/kerberos5 .It Li slib /usr/src/lib .It Li slibexec /usr/src/libexec .It Li srelease /usr/src/release .It Li sbin /usr/src/bin .It Li ssbin /usr/src/sbin .It Li sshare /usr/src/share .It Li ssys /usr/src/sys .It Li subin /usr/src/usr.bin .It Li susbin /usr/src/usr.sbin .It Li ssmailcf /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf .It Li Xbin X.Org client applications. .It Li Xlib X.Org libraries. .It Li Xman X.Org manual pages. .It Li Xdoc X.Org protocol and library documentation. .It Li Xprog X.Org imake distribution. .It Li Xsrv X.Org X server. .It Li Xnest X.Org nested X server. .It Li Xprt X.Org print server. .It Li Xvfb X.Org virtual frame-buffer X server. .It Li Xfmsc X.Org miscellaneous font set. .It Li Xf75 X.Org 75DPI font set. .It Li Xf100 X.Org 100DPI font set. .It Li Xfcyr X.Org Cyrillic font set. .It Li Xft1 X.Org Type 1 font set. .It Li Xftt X.Org TrueType font set. .It Li Xfs X.Org font server. .El .El .It distSetDeveloper Selects the standard Developer's distribution set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetXDeveloper Selects the standard X Developer's distribution set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetKernDeveloper Selects the standard kernel Developer's distribution set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetUser Selects the standard user distribution set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetXUser Selects the standard X user's distribution set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetMinimum Selects the very minimum distribution set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetEverything Selects the full whack - all available distributions. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetSrc Interactively select source subcomponents. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distSetXOrg Interactively select X.Org subcomponents. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It distExtractAll Install all currently selected distributions (requires that media device also be selected). .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It docBrowser Install (if necessary) an HTML documentation browser and go to the HTML documentation submenu. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It browserPackage The name of the browser package to try and install as necessary. Defaults to latest links package. .It browserBinary The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the .Ar browserPackage variable). Defaults to links. .El .It installCommit Commit any and all pending changes to disk. This function is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit" functions. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installExpress Start an "express" installation, asking few questions of the user. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installStandard Start a "standard" installation, the most user-friendly installation type available. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installUpgrade Start an upgrade installation. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installFixitHoloShell Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4 if running as init. This will also happen automatically as part of the installation process unless .Ar noHoloShell is set. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installFixitCDROM Go into "fixit" mode, assuming a live file system CDROM currently in the drive. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installFixitFloppy Go into "fixit" mode, assuming an available fixit floppy disk (user will be prompted for it). .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installFilesystems Do just the file system initialization part of an install. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It installVarDefaults Initialize all variables to their defaults, overriding any previous settings. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It loadConfig Sort of like an #include statement, it allows you to load one configuration file from another. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It configFile The fully qualified pathname of the file to load. .El .It mediaClose If a media device is open, close it. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It mediaSetCDROM Select a .Fx CDROM as the installation media. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It mediaSetFloppy Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It mediaSetDOS Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media. The first primary partition found is used (e.g.\& C:). .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It mediaSetTape Select a tape device as the installation media. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It mediaSetFTP Select an FTP site as the installation media. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It hostname The name of the host being installed (non-optional). .It domainname The domain name of the host being installed (optional). .It defaultrouter The default router for this host (non-optional). .It netDev Which host interface to use .Ar ( ed0 or .Ar ep0 , for example. Non-optional). .It netInteractive If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional). .It ipaddr The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It netmask The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It _ftpPath The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the .Fx distribution you're interested in, e.g.\& .Ar ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ . .El .It mediaSetFTPActive Alias for .Ar mediaSetFTP using "active" FTP transfer mode. .Pp .Sy Variables : Same as for .Ar mediaSetFTP . .It mediaSetFTPPassive Alias for .Ar mediaSetFTP using "passive" FTP transfer mode. .Pp .Sy Variables : Same as for .Ar mediaSetFTP . .It mediaSetHTTP Alias for .Ar mediaSetFTP using an HTTP proxy. .Pp .Sy Variables : See .Ar mediaSetFTP , plus .Bl -tag -width indent .It _httpPath The proxy to use (host:port) (non-optional). .El .It mediaSetUFS Select an existing UFS partition (mounted with the label editor) as the installation media. .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It ufs full /path to directory containing the .Fx distribution you're interested in. .El .It mediaSetNFS .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It hostname The name of the host being installed (non-optional). .It domainname The domain name of the host being installed (optional). .It defaultrouter The default router for this host (non-optional). .It netDev Which host interface to use .Ar ( ed0 or .Ar ep0 , for example. Non-optional). .It netInteractive If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional). .It ipaddr The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It netmask The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional). .It nfs full hostname:/path specification for directory containing the .Fx distribution you're interested in. .El .It mediaSetFTPUserPass .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It ftpUser The username to log in as on the ftp server site. Default: ftp .It ftpPass The password to use for this username on the ftp server site. Default: user@host .El .It mediaSetCPIOVerbosity .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It cpioVerbose Can be used to set the verbosity of cpio extractions to low, medium or high. .El .It mediaGetType Interactively get the user to specify some type of media. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It optionsEditor Invoke the interactive options editor. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It packageAdd Try to fetch and add a package to the system (requires that a media type be set), .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It package The name of the package to add, e.g.\& bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2. .El .It addGroup Invoke the interactive group editor. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It addUser Invoke the interactive user editor. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It shutdown Stop the script and terminate sysinstall. .Pp .Sy Variables : None .It system Execute an arbitrary command with .Xr system 3 .Pp .Sy Variables : .Bl -tag -width indent .It command The name of the command to execute. When running from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively full system installation has just been done. .El .It tcpMenuSelect Configure a network device. .Pp .Sy Variables : Same as for .Ar mediaSetFTP except that .Ar _ftpPath is not used. .El .Sh DISTRIBUTION MEDIA The following files can be used to affect the operation of .Nm when used during initial system installation. .Bl -tag -width ".Pa packages/INDEX" .It Pa cdrom.inf A text file of properties, listed one per line, that describe the contents of the media in use. The syntax for each line is simply .Dq Ar property No = Ar value . Currently, only the following properties are recognized. .Bl -tag -width ".Va CD_MACHINE_ARCH" .It Va CD_VERSION This property should be set to the .Fx version on the current media volume. For example, .Dq Li "CD_VERSION = 4.6" . .It Va CD_MACHINE_ARCH This property should be set to the architecture of the contents on this volume. This property is normally only used with .Fx products that contain CDs for different architectures, to provide better error messages if users try to install Alpha packages on an i386 machine. For example, .Dq Li "CD_MACHINE_ARCH = alpha" . .It Va VOLUME In a multi-volume collection (such as the .Fx 4-CD set), the .Pa ports/INDEX file on each disc should contain the full package index for the set. The last field of the .Pa INDEX file denotes which volume the package appears on, and the .Va VOLUME property here defines the volume ID of the current disc. .El .It Pa packages/INDEX The package index file. Each package is listed on a separate line with additional meta-data such as the required dependencies. This index is generated by .Dq Li "make index" from the .Xr ports 7 collection. When multi-volume support is enabled, an additional field should be added to each line indicating which media volume contains the given package. .El .Pp For information about building a full release of .Fx , please see .Xr release 7 . .Sh FILES This utility may edit the contents of .Pa /etc/rc.conf , .Pa /etc/hosts , and .Pa /etc/resolv.conf as necessary to reflect changes in the network configuration. .Sh SEE ALSO If you have a reasonably complete source tree online, take a look at .Pa /usr/src/usr.sbin/sysinstall/install.cfg for a sample installation script. .Sh BUGS This utility is a prototype which lasted several years past its expiration date and is greatly in need of death. .Sh AUTHORS .An Jordan K. Hubbard Aq jkh@FreeBSD.org .Sh HISTORY This version of .Nm first appeared in .Fx 2.0 .