.\"-
.\" Copyright (c) 2013 David Chisnall
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This software was developed by SRI International and the University of
.\" Cambridge Computer Laboratory under DARPA/AFRL contract (FA8750-10-C-0237)
.\" ("CTSRD"), as part of the DARPA CRASH research programme.
.\"
.\" This software was developed by SRI International and the University of
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
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.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"/
.Dd January 1, 2013
.Dt DTC 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm dtc
.Nd device tree compiler
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl fhsv
.Op Fl b Ar boot_cpu_id
.Op Fl d Ar dependency_file
.Op Fl E Ar [no-]checker_name
.Op Fl H Ar phandle_format
.Op Fl I Ar input_format
.Op Fl O Ar output_format
.Op Fl o Ar output_file
.Op Fl R Ar entries
.Op Fl S Ar bytes
.Op Fl p Ar bytes
.Op Fl V Ar blob_version
.Op Fl W Ar [no-]checker_name
.Ar input_file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility converts flattened device tree (FDT) representations.  It is most
commonly used to generate device tree blobs (DTB), the binary representation of
an FDT, from device tree sources (DTS), the ASCII text source representation.
.Pp
The binary can be written in two formats, binary and assembly.  The binary is
identical to the in-memory representation and can be used directly by firmware,
loaders, and so on.  The assembly format, documented in
.Sx "ASM FORMAT" ,
will produce the same binary format when assembled, but also includes some
global variables that refer to parts of the table.  This format is most
commonly used to produce a kernel specific to a device, with the device tree
blob compiled in.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl d Ar dependency_file
Writes a dependency file understandable by make to the specified file.  This
file can be included in a Makefile and will ensure that the output file depends
on the input file and any files that it includes.  This argument is only useful
when the input is DTS, as only the source format has a notion of inclusions.
.It Fl E Ar [no-]checker_name
Enable or disable a specified checker.  The argument is the name of the
checker.  The full list of checkers is given in
.Sx CHECKERS .
.It Fl f
Force the tool to attempt to generate the output, even if the input had errors.
.It Fl h
Display the help text and exit.
.It Fl H Ar phandle_format 
Specifies the type of phandle nodes to generate in the output.  Valid values
are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Ar linux
Generate the legacy linux,phandle nodes expected by older systems.
.It Ar epapr
Generate the phandle nodes, as described in the ePAPR specification.  This is
the most sensible option for device trees being used with
.Fx .
.It Ar both
Generate both, for maximum compatibility.
.El
.It Fl I Ar input_format
Specifies the input format.  Valid values are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Ar dtb
Device tree blob.  The binary representation of the FDT.
.It Ar dts
Device tree source.  The ASCII representation of the FDT.  This is the default
if the input format is not explicitly stated.
.El
.It Fl O Ar output_format
Specifies the output format.  Valid values are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Ar asm
Assembler source for generating a device tree blob, as described in
.Sx "ASM FORMAT" .
.It Ar dtb
Device tree blob.  The binary representation of the FDT.  This is the default
if the output format is not explicitly stated.
.It Ar dts
Device tree source.  The ASCII representation of the FDT.
.El
.It Fl o Ar output_file
The file to which to write the output.  
.It Fl R Ar entries
The number of empty reservation table entries to pad the table with.  This is
useful if you are generating a device tree blob for bootloader or similar that
needs to reserve some memory before passing control to the operating system.
.It Fl S Ar bytes
The minimum size in bytes of the blob.  The blob will be padded after the
strings table to ensure that it is the correct size.  This is useful for
environments where the device tree blob must be modified in place.  
.It Fl p Ar bytes
The number of bytes of padding to add to the blob.  The blob will be padded
after the strings table to ensure that it is the correct size.  This is useful
for environments where the device tree blob must be modified in place.  
.It Fl W Ar [no-]checker_name
Enable or disable a specified checker.  This is an alias for
.Fl E .
.It Fl s
Sorts the properties and nodes in the tree.  This is mainly useful when using
tools like
.Xr diff 1
to compare two device tree sources.
.It Fl V Ar output_version
The version of the format to output.  This is only relevant for binary outputs,
and only a value of 17 is currently supported.
.It Fl v
Display the tool version and exit.
.It Ar input_file
The source file.
.El
.Sh "ASM FORMAT"
The assembly format defines several globals that can be referred to from other
compilation units, in addition to any labels specified in the source.  These
are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "dt_strings_start" -compact -offset indent
.It dt_blob_start
start of the device tree blob.
.It dt_header
start of the header, usually identical to the start of the blob.
.It dt_reserve_map
start of the reservation map.
.It dt_struct_start
start of the structure table.
.It dt_struct_end
end of the structure table.
.It dt_strings_start
start of the strings table.
.It dt_strings_end
end of the strings table.
.It dt_blob_end
end of the device tree blob.
.El
.Pp
.Sh CHECKERS
The utility provides a number of semantic checks on the correctness of the
tree.  These can be disabled with the
.Fl W
flag.  For example,
.Fl W Ar no-type-phandle
will disable the phandle type check.  The supported checks are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "no-type-phandle" -compact -offset indent
.It type-compatible
Checks the type of the 
.Va compatible
property.
.It type-model
Checks the type of the 
.Va model
property.
.It type-compatible
Checks the type of the 
.Va compatible 
property.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command:
.Pp
.Dl "dtc -o blob.S -O asm device.dts"
.Pp
will generate a 
.Pa blob.S
file from the device tree source
.Pa device.dts
and print errors if any occur during parsing or property checking.  The
resulting file can be assembled and linked into a binary.
.Pp
The command:
.Pp
.Dl "dtc -o - -O dts -I dtb device.dtb"
.Pp
will write the device tree source for the device tree blob
.Pa device.dtb
to the standard output.  This is useful when debugging device trees.
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
This utility is intended to be compatible with the device tree compiler
provided by elinux.org.  Currently, it implements the subset of features
required to build FreeBSD and others that have been requested by FreeBSD
developers.
.Pp
The 
.Ar fs
input format is not supported.  This builds a tree from a Linux
.Pa  /proc/device-tree ,
a file system hierarchy not found in FreeBSD, which instead exposes the DTB
directly via a sysctl.
.Pp
The warnings and errors supported by the elinux.org tool are not documented.
This tool supports the warnings described in the
.Sx CHECKERS
section.
.Sh STANDARDS
The device tree formats understood by this tool conform to the Power.org
Standard for Embedded Power Architecture Platform Requirements
.Pq Vt ePAPR ,
except as noted in the
.Sx BUGS
section and with the following exceptions for compatibility with the elinux.org
tool:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
The target of cross references is defined to be a node name in the
specification, but is in fact a label.
.El
.Pp
The /include/ directive is not part of the standard, however it is implemented
with the semantics compatible with the elinux.org tool.  It must appear in the
top level of a file, and imports a new root definition.  If a file, plus all of
its inclusions, contains multiple roots then they 
.Sh HISTORY
A dtc tool first appeared in
.Fx 9.0 .
This version of the tool first appeared in 
.Fx 10.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An David T. Chisnall
.Pp
Note: The fact that the tool and the author share the same initials is entirely
coincidental.
.Sh BUGS
The device tree compiler does not yet support the following features:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
Labels in the middle of property values.  This is only useful in the assembly
output, and only vaguely useful there, so is unlikely to be added soon.
.It
Full paths, rather than labels, as the targets for phandles.  This is not very
hard to add, but will probably not be added until something actually needs it.
.El
.Pp
The current version performs a very limited set of semantic checks on the tree.
This will be improved in future versions.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fdt 4
.Pp