.\" .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Søren Schmidt .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, .\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd September 3, 2006 .Dt ATA 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ata , .Nm ar , .Nm acd , .Nm ad , .Nm afd , .Nm ast .Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver .Sh SYNOPSIS For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: .Cd device isa .Cd device ata .Pp In .Pa /boot/device.hints : .Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" .Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" .Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" .Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" .Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" .Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" .Pp For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: .Cd device isa .Cd device ata .Pp In .Pa /boot/device.hints : .Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" .Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" .Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" .Pp For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: .Cd device pci .Cd device ata .Pp To support ATA compliant disk drives: .Cd device atadisk .Pp To support ATA software RAID's: .Cd device ataraid .Pp To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: .Cd device atapicd .Pp To support ATAPI floppy drives: .Cd device atapifd .Pp To support ATAPI tape drives: .Cd device atapist .Pp The following tunables are settable from the loader: .Bl -ohang .It Va hw.ata.ata_dma set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). .It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). .It Va hw.ata.wc set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). .Em WARNING : can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. .El .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. .Pp The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: .Pp .Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact .It Acard: ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. .It ALI: M5229, M5281, M5287, M5289. .It AMD: AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111. .It ATI: IXP200, IXP300, IXP400. .It CMD: CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. .It Cypress: Cypress 82C693. .It Cyrix: Cyrix 5530. .It HighPoint: HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. .It Intel: 6300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ICH8. .It ITE: IT8211F, IT8212F. .It JMicron: JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366. .It Marvell 88SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6081. .It National: SC1100. .It nVidia: nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4. .It Promise: PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. .It ServerWorks: HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6. .It Silicon Image: SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512. .It SiS: SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. .It VIA: VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, VT8237A, VT8251. .El .Pp Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. .Pp The .Nm driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters when the system is up and running. See .Xr atacontrol 8 . .Pp The .Nm driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. However the .Nm driver sometimes warns: .Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". This means that the .Nm driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present or could not be detected properly, or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up to UDMA2/ATA33. .Pp Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the .Va hw.ata.atapi_dma tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are common even if the device capabilities indicate support. You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using .Xr atacontrol 8 , but be aware that your hardware might .Em not support it and can potentially .Em hang the entire system causing data loss. .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact .It Pa /dev/ad* ATA disk device nodes .It Pa /dev/ar* ATA RAID device nodes .It Pa /dev/acd* ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes .It Pa /dev/afd* ATAPI floppy drive device nodes .It Pa /dev/ast* ATAPI tape drive device nodes .It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC sample generic kernel config file for .Nm based systems .El .Sh NOTES Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you .Em must use 80 conductor cables. Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the quality of the cables. SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. .Pp Static device numbering (enabled with the .Dv ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option) reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, even when not present. This is useful in hotswap scenarios where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, and not depend on attach order. .Pp Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr ataraid 4 , .Xr atacontrol 8 , .Xr burncd 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm driver first appeared in .Fx 4.0 . .Sh AUTHORS .An S\(/oren Schmidt .Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .