7e6cabd06e
Renumber cluase 4 to 3, per what everybody else did when BSD granted them permission to remove clause 3. My insistance on keeping the same numbering for legal reasons is too pedantic, so give up on that point. Submitted by: Jan Schaumann <jschauma@stevens.edu> Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/pull/96
396 lines
7.9 KiB
Groff
396 lines
7.9 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)test.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd October 5, 2016
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.Dt TEST 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm test ,
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.Nm \&[
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.Nd condition evaluation utility
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Ar expression
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.Nm \&[
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.Ar expression Cm \&]
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility evaluates the expression and, if it evaluates
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to true, returns a zero (true) exit status; otherwise
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it returns 1 (false).
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If there is no expression,
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.Nm
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also
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returns 1 (false).
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.Pp
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All operators and flags are separate arguments to the
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.Nm
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utility.
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.Pp
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The following primaries are used to construct expression:
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.Bl -tag -width Ar
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.It Fl b Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a block special
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file.
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.It Fl c Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a character
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special file.
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.It Fl d Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a directory.
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.It Fl e Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists (regardless of type).
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.It Fl f Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a regular file.
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.It Fl g Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and its set group ID flag
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is set.
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.It Fl h Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a symbolic link.
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This operator is retained for compatibility with previous versions of
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this program.
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Do not rely on its existence; use
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.Fl L
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instead.
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.It Fl k Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and its sticky bit is set.
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.It Fl n Ar string
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True if the length of
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.Ar string
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is nonzero.
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.It Fl p Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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is a named pipe
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.Pq Tn FIFO .
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.It Fl r Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is readable.
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.It Fl s Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and has a size greater
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than zero.
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.It Fl t Ar file_descriptor
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True if the file whose file descriptor number
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is
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.Ar file_descriptor
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is open and is associated with a terminal.
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.It Fl u Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and its set user ID flag
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is set.
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.It Fl w Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is writable.
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True
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indicates only that the write flag is on.
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The file is not writable on a read-only file
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system even if this test indicates true.
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.It Fl x Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is executable.
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True
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indicates only that the execute flag is on.
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If
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.Ar file
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is a directory, true indicates that
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.Ar file
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can be searched.
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.It Fl z Ar string
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True if the length of
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.Ar string
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is zero.
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.It Fl L Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a symbolic link.
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.It Fl O Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and its owner matches the effective user id of this process.
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.It Fl G Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and its group matches the effective group id of this process.
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.It Fl S Ar file
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True if
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.Ar file
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exists and is a socket.
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.It Ar file1 Fl nt Ar file2
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True if
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.Ar file1
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exists and is newer than
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.Ar file2 .
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.It Ar file1 Fl ot Ar file2
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True if
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.Ar file1
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exists and is older than
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.Ar file2 .
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.It Ar file1 Fl ef Ar file2
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True if
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.Ar file1
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and
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.Ar file2
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exist and refer to the same file.
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.It Ar string
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True if
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.Ar string
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is not the null
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string.
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.It Ar s1 Cm = Ar s2
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True if the strings
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.Ar s1
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and
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.Ar s2
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are identical.
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.It Ar s1 Cm != Ar s2
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True if the strings
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.Ar s1
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and
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.Ar s2
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are not identical.
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.It Ar s1 Cm < Ar s2
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True if string
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.Ar s1
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comes before
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.Ar s2
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based on the binary value of their characters.
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.It Ar s1 Cm > Ar s2
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True if string
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.Ar s1
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comes after
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.Ar s2
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based on the binary value of their characters.
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.It Ar n1 Fl eq Ar n2
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True if the integers
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.Ar n1
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and
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.Ar n2
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are algebraically
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equal.
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.It Ar n1 Fl ne Ar n2
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True if the integers
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.Ar n1
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and
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.Ar n2
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are not
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algebraically equal.
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.It Ar n1 Fl gt Ar n2
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True if the integer
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.Ar n1
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is algebraically
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greater than the integer
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.Ar n2 .
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.It Ar n1 Fl ge Ar n2
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True if the integer
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.Ar n1
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is algebraically
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greater than or equal to the integer
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.Ar n2 .
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.It Ar n1 Fl lt Ar n2
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True if the integer
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.Ar n1
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is algebraically less
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than the integer
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.Ar n2 .
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.It Ar n1 Fl le Ar n2
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True if the integer
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.Ar n1
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is algebraically less
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than or equal to the integer
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.Ar n2 .
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Ar file
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is a symbolic link,
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.Nm
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will fully dereference it and then evaluate the expression
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against the file referenced, except for the
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.Fl h
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and
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.Fl L
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primaries.
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.Pp
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These primaries can be combined with the following operators:
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.Bl -tag -width Ar
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.It Cm \&! Ar expression
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True if
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.Ar expression
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is false.
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.It Ar expression1 Fl a Ar expression2
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True if both
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.Ar expression1
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and
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.Ar expression2
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are true.
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.It Ar expression1 Fl o Ar expression2
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True if either
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.Ar expression1
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or
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.Ar expression2
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are true.
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.It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&)
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True if expression is true.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl a
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operator has higher precedence than the
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.Fl o
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operator.
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.Pp
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Some shells may provide a builtin
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.Nm
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command which is similar or identical to this utility.
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Consult the
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.Xr builtin 1
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manual page.
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.Sh GRAMMAR AMBIGUITY
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The
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.Nm
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grammar is inherently ambiguous.
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In order to assure a degree of consistency,
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the cases described in the
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.St -p1003.2 ,
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section D11.2/4.62.4, standard
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are evaluated consistently according to the rules specified in the
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standards document.
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All other cases are subject to the ambiguity in the
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command semantics.
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.Pp
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In particular, only expressions containing
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.Fl a ,
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.Fl o ,
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.Cm \&(
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or
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.Cm \&)
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can be ambiguous.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits with one of the following values:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It 0
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expression evaluated to true.
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.It 1
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expression evaluated to false or expression was
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missing.
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.It >1
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An error occurred.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Implement
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.Li test FILE1 -nt FILE2
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using only
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.Tn POSIX
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functionality:
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.Pp
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.Dl test -n \&"$(find -L -- FILE1 -prune -newer FILE2 2>/dev/null)\&"
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.Pp
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This can be modified using non-standard
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.Xr find 1
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primaries like
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.Cm -newerca
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to compare other timestamps.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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For compatibility with some other implementations,
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the
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.Cm =
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primary can be substituted with
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.Cm ==
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with the same meaning.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr builtin 1 ,
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.Xr expr 1 ,
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.Xr find 1 ,
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr stat 1 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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utility implements a superset of the
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.St -p1003.2
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specification.
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The primaries
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.Cm < ,
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.Cm == ,
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.Cm > ,
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.Fl ef ,
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.Fl nt ,
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.Fl ot ,
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.Fl G ,
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and
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.Fl O
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are extensions.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.At v7 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Both sides are always evaluated in
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.Fl a
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and
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.Fl o .
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For instance, the writable status of
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.Pa file
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will be tested by the following command even though the former expression
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indicated false, which results in a gratuitous access to the file system:
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.Dl "[ -z abc -a -w file ]"
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To avoid this, write
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.Dl "[ -z abc ] && [ -w file ]"
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