412 lines
8.6 KiB
Groff
412 lines
8.6 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Gordon Tetlow
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 9, 2021
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.Dt MAN 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm man
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.Nd display online manual documentation pages
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl adho
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.Op Fl t | w
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.Op Fl M Ar manpath
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.Op Fl P Ar pager
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.Op Fl S Ar mansect
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.Op Fl m Ar arch Ns Op : Ns Ar machine
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.Op Fl p Op Ar eprtv
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.Op Ar mansect
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.Ar page ...
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.Nm
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.Fl f
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.Ar keyword ...
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.Nm
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.Fl k
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.Ar keyword ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility finds and displays online manual documentation pages.
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If
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.Ar mansect
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is provided,
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.Nm
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restricts the search to the specific section of the manual.
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.Pp
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The sections of the manual are:
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.Bl -enum -offset indent -compact
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.It
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.Fx
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General Commands Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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System Calls Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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Library Functions Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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Kernel Interfaces Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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File Formats Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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Games Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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Miscellaneous Information Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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System Manager's Manual
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.It
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.Fx
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Kernel Developer's Manual
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.El
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.Pp
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Options that
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.Nm
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understands:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl M Ar manpath
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Forces a specific colon separated manual path instead of the default
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search path.
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See
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.Xr manpath 1 .
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Overrides the
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.Ev MANPATH
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environment variable.
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.It Fl P Ar pager
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Use specified pager.
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Defaults to
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.Dq Li "less -sR"
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if color support is enabled, or
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.Dq Li "less -s" .
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Overrides the
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.Ev MANPAGER
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environment variable, which in turn overrides the
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.Ev PAGER
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environment variable.
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.It Fl S Ar mansect
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Restricts manual sections searched to the specified colon delimited list.
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Defaults to
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.Dq Li 1:8:2:3:3lua:n:4:5:6:7:9:l .
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Overrides the
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.Ev MANSECT
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environment variable.
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.It Fl a
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Display all manual pages instead of just the first found for each
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.Ar page
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argument.
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.It Fl d
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Print extra debugging information.
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Repeat for increased verbosity.
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Does not display the manual page.
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.It Fl f
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Emulate
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.Xr whatis 1 .
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.It Fl h
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Display short help message and exit.
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.It Fl k
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Emulate
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.Xr apropos 1 .
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.It Fl m Ar arch Ns Op : Ns Ar machine
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Override the default architecture and machine settings allowing lookup of
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other platform specific manual pages.
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See
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.Sx IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
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for how this option changes the default behavior.
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Overrides the
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.Ev MACHINE_ARCH
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and
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.Ev MACHINE
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environment variables.
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.It Fl o
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Force use of non-localized manual pages.
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See
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.Sx IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
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for how locale specific searches work.
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Overrides the
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.Ev LC_ALL , LC_CTYPE ,
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and
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.Ev LANG
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environment variables.
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.It Fl p Op Cm eprtv
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Use the list of given preprocessors before running
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.Xr nroff 1
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or
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.Xr troff 1 .
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Valid preprocessors arguments:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Cm e
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.Xr eqn 1
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.It Cm p
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.Xr pic 1
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.It Cm r
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.Xr refer 1
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.It Cm t
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.Xr tbl 1
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.It Cm v
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.Xr vgrind 1
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.El
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.Pp
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Overrides the
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.Ev MANROFFSEQ
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environment variable.
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.It Fl t
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Send manual page source through
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.Xr troff 1
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allowing transformation of the manual pages to other formats.
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.It Fl w
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Display the location of the manual page instead of the contents of
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the manual page.
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.El
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.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
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.Ss Locale Specific Searches
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The
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.Nm
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utility supports manual pages in different locales.
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The search behavior is dictated by the first of three
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environment variables with a nonempty string:
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.Ev LC_ALL , LC_CTYPE ,
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or
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.Ev LANG .
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If set,
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.Nm
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will search for locale specific manual pages using the following logic:
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.Pp
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.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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.It
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.Va lang Ns _ Ns Va country Ns . Ns Va charset
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.It
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.Va lang Ns . Ns Va charset
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.It
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.Li en Ns . Ns Va charset
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.El
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.Pp
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For example, if
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.Ev LC_ALL
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is set to
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.Dq Li ja_JP.eucJP ,
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.Nm
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will search the following paths when considering section 1 manual pages in
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.Pa /usr/share/man :
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.Pp
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.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/ja_JP.eucJP/man1
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/ja.eucJP/man1
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/en.eucJP/man1
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/man1
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.El
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.Ss Platform Specific Searches
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The
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.Nm
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utility supports platform specific manual pages.
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The search behavior is dictated by the
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.Fl m
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option or the
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.Ev MACHINE_ARCH
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and
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.Ev MACHINE
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environment variables.
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For example, if
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.Ev MACHINE_ARCH
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is set to
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.Dq Li aarch64
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and
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.Ev MACHINE
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is set to
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.Dq Li arm64 ,
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.Nm
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will search the following paths when considering section 4 manual pages in
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.Pa /usr/share/man :
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.Pp
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.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/man4/aarch64
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/man4/arm64
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.It
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.Pa /usr/share/man/man4
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.El
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.Ss Displaying Specific Manual Files
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The
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.Nm
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utility also supports displaying a specific manual page if passed a path
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to the file as long as it contains a
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.Ql /
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character.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The following environment variables affect the execution of
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Ev MANROFFSEQ"
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.It Ev LC_ALL , LC_CTYPE , LANG
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Used to find locale specific manual pages.
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Valid values can be found by running the
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.Xr locale 1
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command.
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See
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.Sx IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
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for details.
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Influenced by the
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.Fl o
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option.
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.It Ev MACHINE_ARCH , MACHINE
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Used to find platform specific manual pages.
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If unset, the output of
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.Dq Li "sysctl hw.machine_arch"
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and
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.Dq Li "sysctl hw.machine"
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is used respectively.
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See
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.Sx IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
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for details.
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Corresponds to the
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.Fl m
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option.
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.It Ev MANPATH
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The standard search path used by
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.Xr man 1
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may be changed by specifying a path in the
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.Ev MANPATH
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environment variable.
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Invalid paths, or paths without manual databases, are ignored.
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Overridden by
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.Fl M .
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If
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.Ev MANPATH
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begins with a colon, it is appended to the default list;
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if it ends with a colon, it is prepended to the default list;
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or if it contains two adjacent colons,
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the standard search path is inserted between the colons.
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If none of these conditions are met, it overrides the
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standard search path.
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.It Ev MANROFFSEQ
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Used to determine the preprocessors for the manual source before running
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.Xr nroff 1
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or
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.Xr troff 1 .
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If unset, defaults to
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.Xr tbl 1 .
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Corresponds to the
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.Fl p
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option.
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.It Ev MANSECT
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Restricts manual sections searched to the specified colon delimited list.
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Corresponds to the
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.Fl S
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option.
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.It Ev MANWIDTH
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If set to a numeric value, used as the width manpages should be displayed.
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Otherwise, if set to a special value
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.Dq Li tty ,
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and output is to a terminal,
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the pages may be displayed over the whole width of the screen.
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.It Ev MANCOLOR
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If set, enables color support.
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.It Ev MANPAGER
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Program used to display files.
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.Pp
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If unset, and color support is enabled,
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.Dq Li "less -sR"
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is used.
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.Pp
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If unset, and color support is disabled, then
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.Ev PAGER
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is used.
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If that has no value either,
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.Dq Li "less -s"
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is used.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Pa /etc/man.conf
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System configuration file.
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.It Pa /usr/local/etc/man.d/*.conf
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Local configuration files.
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Show the manual page for
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.Xr stat 2 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ man 2 stat
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Show all manual pages for
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.Ql stat .
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ man -a stat
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.Ed
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.Pp
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List manual pages which match the regular expression either in the title or in
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the body:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ man -k '\e<copy\e>.*archive'
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Show the manual page for
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.Xr ls 1
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and use
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.Xr cat 1
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as pager:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ man -P cat ls
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Show the location of the
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.Xr ls 1
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manual page:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ man -w ls
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr apropos 1 ,
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.Xr intro 1 ,
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.Xr mandoc 1 ,
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.Xr manpath 1 ,
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.Xr whatis 1 ,
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.Xr intro 2 ,
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.Xr intro 3 ,
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.Xr intro 3lua ,
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr intro 5 ,
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.Xr man.conf 5 ,
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.Xr intro 6 ,
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.Xr intro 7 ,
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.Xr mdoc 7 ,
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.Xr intro 8 ,
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.Xr intro 9
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