389 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
389 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
/*-
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* @(#)README 8.50 (Berkeley) 12/17/1998
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*/
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SENDMAIL RELEASE 8
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This directory has the latest sendmail(TM) software from Sendmail, Inc.
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See doc/changes/changes.me for a summary of changes since 5.67.
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Report any bugs to sendmail-bugs@sendmail.ORG
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There is a web site at http://WWW.Sendmail.ORG -- see that site for
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the latest updates.
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******************************************************************
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** A new Build architecture is in place that allows you to **
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** use the "Build" shell script in any of the program **
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** directories. On many environments this will do everything **
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** for you, no fuss, no muss. See src/README for more details **
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** of compilation. See cf/README for details about building **
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** a runtime configuration file. **
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******************************************************************
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Sendmail is a trademark of Sendmail, Inc.
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+-----------------------+
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| DIRECTORY PERMISSIONS |
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+-----------------------+
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Sendmail often gets blamed for many problems that are actually the
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result of other problems, such as overly permissive modes on directories.
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For this reason, sendmail checks the modes on system directories and
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files to determine if can have been trusted. For sendmail to run
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without complaining, you MUST execute the following command:
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chmod go-w / /etc /etc/mail /usr /var /var/spool /var/spool/mqueue
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chown root / /etc /etc/mail /usr /var /var/spool /var/spool/mqueue
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You will probably have to tweak this for your environment (for example,
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some systems put the spool directory into /usr/spool instead of
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/var/spool and use /etc/mail for aliases file instead of /etc). If you
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set the RunAsUser option in your sendmail.cf, the /var/spool/mqueue
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directory will have to be owned by the RunAsUser user. As a general rule,
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after you have compiled sendmail, run the command
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sendmail -v -bi
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to initialize the alias database. If it gives messages such as
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WARNING: writable directory /etc
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WARNING: writable directory /usr/spool/mqueue
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then the directories listed have inappropriate write permissions and
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should be secured to avoid various possible security attacks.
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Beginning with sendmail 8.9, these checks have become more strict to
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prevent users from being able to access files they would normally not
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be able to read. In particular, .forward and :include: files in unsafe
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directory paths (directory paths which are group or world writable) will
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no longer be allowed. This would mean that if user joe's home directory
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was writable by group staff, sendmail would not use his .forward file.
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This behavior can be altered, at the expense of system security, by
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setting the DontBlameSendmail option. For example, to allow .forward
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files in group writable directories:
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O DontBlameSendmail=forwardfileingroupwritabledirpath
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Or to allow them in both group and world writable directories:
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O DontBlameSendmail=forwardfileinunsafedirpath
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Items from these unsafe .forward and :include: files will be marked
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as unsafe addresses -- the items can not be deliveries to files or
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programs. This behavior can also be altered via DontBlameSendmail:
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O DontBlameSendmail=forwardfileinunsafedirpath,
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forwardfileinunsafedirpathsafe
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The first flag allows the .forward file to be read, the second allows
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the items in the file to be marked as safe for file and program
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delivery.
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Other files affected by this strengthened security include class
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files (i.e. Fw /etc/sendmail.cw), persistent host status files, and
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the files specified by the ErrorHeader and HelpFile options. Similar
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DontBlameSendmail flags are available for the class, ErrorHeader, and
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HelpFile files.
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If you have an unsafe configuration of .forward and :include:
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files, you can make it safe by finding all such files, and doing
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a "chmod go-w $FILE" on each. Also, do a "chmod go-w $DIR" for
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each directory in the file's path.
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+--------------+
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| MANUAL PAGES |
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+--------------+
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The sendmail manual pages use contemporary Berkeley troff macros. If
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your system does not process these manual pages, you can pick up the
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new macros in a BSD Net/2 FTP site (e.g. on FTP.UU.NET, the files
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/systems/unix/bsd-sources/share/tmac/*).
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The strip.sed file is only used in installation.
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After installation, edit tmac.doc and tmac.andoc to reflect the
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installation path of the tmac files. Those files contain pointers to
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/usr/share/tmac/, and those pointers are not changed by the `make
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install` process. There's also a bug in those files -- make the
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following patch:
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*** tmac.an~ Tue Jul 12 14:29:09 1994
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--- tmac.an Fri Jul 15 13:17:54 1994
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***************
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*** 50,55 ****
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.de TH
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.rn TH xX
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.so /usr/share/lib/tmac/tmac.an.old
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! .TH \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8
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.rm xX
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..
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--- 50,55 ----
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.de TH
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.rn TH xX
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.so /usr/share/lib/tmac/tmac.an.old
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! .TH "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6" "\\$7" "\\$8"
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.rm xX
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..
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Rename the existing tmac.an to be tmac.an.old, and rename tmac.andoc
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to be tmac.an.
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tmac.an will choose between tmac.an.old, your old macros, or tmac.doc,
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which are the new macros, so that both the new man pages and the
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existing man pages will be translated properly.
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I'm also told that the groff distribution from MIT has a tmac.doc
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macro set that is compatible with these macros.
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+-----------------------+
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| RELATED DOCUMENTATION |
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+-----------------------+
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There are other files you should read. Rooted in this directory are:
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doc/changes/changes.ps
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Describes changes between Release 5 and Release 8 of sendmail.
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There are some things that may behave somewhat differently.
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For example, the rules governing when :include: files will
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be read have been tightened up for security reasons.
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FAQ
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Answers to Frequently Asked Questions.
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KNOWNBUGS
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Known bugs in the current release. I try to keep this up
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to date -- get the latest version from FTP.Sendmail.ORG
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in /ucb/sendmail/KNOWNBUGS.
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RELEASE_NOTES
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A detailed description of the changes in each version. This
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is quite long, but informative.
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src/README
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Details on compiling and installing sendmail.
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cf/README
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Details on configuring sendmail.
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doc/op/op.me
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The sendmail Installation & Operations Guide. Be warned: if
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you are running this off on SunOS or some other system with an
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old version of -me, you need to add the following macro to the
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macros:
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.de sm
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\s-1\\$1\\s0\\$2
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..
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This sets a word in a smaller pointsize.
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+--------------+
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| RELATED RFCS |
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+--------------+
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There are several related RFCs that you may wish to read -- they are
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available via anonymous FTP to several sites, including:
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ftp://nic.ddn.mil/rfc/
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ftp://nis.nsf.net/documents/rfc/
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ftp://nisc.jvnc.net/rfc/
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ftp://venera.isi.edu/in-notes/
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ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/doc/rfc/
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For a list of the primary repositories see:
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http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc-retrieval.txt
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They are also online at:
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http://www.ietf.org/
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They can also be retrieved via electronic mail by sending
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email to one of:
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mail-server@nisc.sri.com
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Put "send rfcNNN" in message body
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nis-info@nis.nsf.net
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Put "send RFCnnn.TXT-1" in message body
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sendrfc@jvnc.net
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Put "RFCnnn" as Subject: line
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For further instructions see:
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http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc-editor/rfc-info
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Important RFCs for electronic mail are:
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RFC821 SMTP protocol
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RFC822 Mail header format
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RFC974 MX routing
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RFC976 UUCP mail format
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RFC1123 Host requirements (modifies 821, 822, and 974)
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RFC1413 Identification server
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RFC1869 SMTP Service Extensions (ESMTP spec)
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RFC1652 SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtransport
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RFC1870 SMTP Service Extension for Message Size Declaration
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RFC2045 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One:
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Format of Internet Message Bodies
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RFC1344 Implications of MIME for Internet Mail Gateways
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RFC1428 Transition of Internet Mail from Just-Send-8 to
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8-bit SMTP/MIME
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RFC1891 SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications
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RFC1892 Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of
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Mail System Administrative Messages
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RFC1893 Enhanced Mail System Status Codes
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RFC1894 An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status
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Notifications
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RFC1985 SMTP Service Extension for Remote Message Queue Starting
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RFC2033 Local Mail Transfer Protocol
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Other standards that may be of interest (but which are less directly
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relevant to sendmail) are:
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RFC987 Mapping between RFC822 and X.400
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RFC1049 Content-Type header field (extension to RFC822)
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Warning to AIX users: this version of sendmail does not implement
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MB, MR, or MG DNS resource records, as defined (as experiments) in
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RFC1035.
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+-------------------+
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| DATABASE ROUTINES |
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+-------------------+
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IF YOU WANT TO RUN THE NEW BERKELEY DB SOFTWARE: **** DO NOT ****
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use the version that was on the Net2 tape -- it has a number of
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nefarious bugs that were bad enough when I got them; you shouldn't have
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to go through the same thing. Instead, get a new version via the web at
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http://www.sleepycat.com/. This software is highly recommended; it gets
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rid of several stupid limits, it's much faster, and the interface is
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nicer to animals and plants. If the Berkeley DB include files
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are installed in a location other than those which your compiler searches,
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you will need to provide that directory when building:
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Build -I/path/to/include/directory
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If you are using Berkeley DB versions 1.85 or 1.86, you are *strongly*
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urged to upgrade to DB version 2, available from http://www.sleepycat.com/.
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Berkeley DB versions 1.85 and 1.86 are known to be broken in various nasty
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ways (see http://www.sleepycat.com/db.185.html), and can cause sendmail
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to dump core. In addition, the newest versions of gcc and the Solaris
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compilers perform optimizations in those versions that may cause fairly
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random core dumps.
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If you have no choice but to use Berkeley DB 1.85 or 1.86, and you are
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using both Berkeley DB and files in the UNIX ndbm format, remove ndbm.h
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and ndbm.o from the DB library after building it. You should also apply
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all of the patches for DB 1.85 and 1.86 found at the Sleepycat web site
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(see http://www.sleepycat.com/db.185.html), as they fix some of the known
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problems.
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If you are using a version of Berkeley DB 2 previous to 2.3.15, and you
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are using both Berkeley DB and files in the UNIX ndbm format, remove dbm.o
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from the DB library after building it. No other changes are necessary.
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If you are using Berkeley DB version 2.3.15 or greater, no changes are
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necessary.
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The underlying database file formats changed between Berkeley DB versions
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1.85 and 1.86, and again between DB 1.86 and version 2.0. If you are
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upgrading from one of those versions, you must recreate your database
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file(s). Do this by rebuilding all maps with makemap and rebuilding the
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alias file with newaliases.
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+--------------------+
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| HOST NAME SERVICES |
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+--------------------+
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If you are using NIS or /etc/hosts, it is critical that you
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list the long (fully qualified) name somewhere (preferably first) in
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the /etc/hosts file used to build the NIS database. For example, the
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line should read
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128.32.149.68 mastodon.CS.Berkeley.EDU mastodon
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**** NOT ****
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128.32.149.68 mastodon
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If you do not include the long name, sendmail will complain loudly
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about ``unable to qualify my own domain name (mastodon) -- using
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short name'' and conclude that your canonical name is the short
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version and use that in messages. The name "mastodon" doesn't mean
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much outside of Berkeley, and so this creates incorrect and unreplyable
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messages.
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+-------------+
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| USE WITH MH |
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+-------------+
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This version of sendmail notices and reports certain kinds of SMTP
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protocol violations that were ignored by older versions. If you
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are running MH you may wish to install the patch in contrib/mh.patch
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that will prevent these warning reports. This patch also works
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with the old version of sendmail, so it's safe to go ahead and
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install it.
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+----------------+
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| USE WITH IDENT |
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+----------------+
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Sendmail 8 supports the IDENT protocol, as defined by RFC 1413.
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No ident server is included with this distribution. I have found
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copies available on:
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ftp.lysator.liu.se /pub/ident/servers
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romulus.ucs.uoknor.edu /networking/ident/servers
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ftp.cyf-kr.edu.pl /agh/uciagh/network/ident
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If you want to run an IDENT server, I suggest getting a copy from
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one of those sites. Versions are available for several different
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systems, including Apollo, BSD, NeXT, AIX, TOPS20, and VMS.
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+---------------------+
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| DIRECTORY STRUCTURE |
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+---------------------+
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The structure of this directory tree is:
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cf Source for sendmail configuration files. These are
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different than what you've seen before. They are a
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fairly dramatic rewrite, requiring the new sendmail
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(since they use new features).
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contrib Some contributed tools to help with sendmail. THESE
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ARE NOT SUPPORTED by sendmail -- contact the original
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authors if you have problems. (This directory is not
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on the 4.4BSD tape.)
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doc Documentation. If you are getting source, read
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op.me -- it's long, but worth it.
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mail.local The source for the local delivery agent used for 4.4BSD.
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THIS IS NOT PART OF SENDMAIL! and may not compile
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everywhere, since it depends on some 4.4-isms. Warning:
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it does mailbox locking differently than other systems.
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mailstats Statistics printing program. It has the pathname of
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sendmail.st compiled in, so if you've changed that,
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beware.
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makemap A program that creates the keyed maps used by the $( ... $)
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construct in sendmail. It is primitive but effective.
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It takes a very simple input format, so you will probably
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expect to preprocess must human-convenient formats
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using sed scripts before this program will like them.
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But it should be functionally complete.
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praliases A program to print the DBM or NEWDB version of the
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aliases file.
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rmail Source for rmail(8). This is used as a delivery
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agent for for UUCP, and could presumably be used by
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other non-socket oriented mailers. Older versions of
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rmail are probably deficient. RMAIL IS NOT PART OF
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SENDMAIL!!! The 4.4BSD source is included for you to
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look at or try to port to your system. I know it doesn't
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compile on {SunOS, HP-UX, OSF/1, other} (pick one).
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smrsh The "sendmail restricted shell", which can be used as
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a replacement for /bin/sh in the prog mailer to provide
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increased security control. NOT PART OF SENDMAIL!
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src Source for the sendmail program itself.
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test Some test scripts (currently only for compilation aids).
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