freebsd-skq/sbin/gpt/gpt.c
jhb 75e6e577d5 Don't look for GPT primary and secondary tables on a disk unless we have
a valid PMBR.  Without this fix, if label a disk with a GPT, then relabel
it with an MBR the GPT tables are still present.  If you then try to create
a GPT with 'gpt create', gpt(8) will fail to open the device because the
partitions in the stale GPT overlap with the slices in the MBR.

MFC after:	1 week
2007-11-01 20:51:04 +00:00

699 lines
17 KiB
C

/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002 Marcel Moolenaar
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* CRC32 code derived from work by Gary S. Brown.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/disk.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "map.h"
#include "gpt.h"
char device_path[MAXPATHLEN];
char *device_name;
off_t mediasz;
u_int parts;
u_int secsz;
int readonly, verbose;
static uint32_t crc32_tab[] = {
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
};
uint32_t
crc32(const void *buf, size_t size)
{
const uint8_t *p;
uint32_t crc;
p = buf;
crc = ~0U;
while (size--)
crc = crc32_tab[(crc ^ *p++) & 0xFF] ^ (crc >> 8);
return crc ^ ~0U;
}
uint8_t *
utf16_to_utf8(uint16_t *s16)
{
static uint8_t *s8 = NULL;
static size_t s8len = 0;
size_t s8idx, s16idx, s16len;
uint32_t utfchar;
unsigned int c;
s16len = 0;
while (s16[s16len++] != 0)
;
if (s8len < s16len * 3) {
if (s8 != NULL)
free(s8);
s8len = s16len * 3;
s8 = calloc(s16len, 3);
}
s8idx = s16idx = 0;
while (s16idx < s16len) {
utfchar = le16toh(s16[s16idx++]);
if ((utfchar & 0xf800) == 0xd800) {
c = le16toh(s16[s16idx]);
if ((utfchar & 0x400) != 0 || (c & 0xfc00) != 0xdc00)
utfchar = 0xfffd;
else
s16idx++;
}
if (utfchar < 0x80) {
s8[s8idx++] = utfchar;
} else if (utfchar < 0x800) {
s8[s8idx++] = 0xc0 | (utfchar >> 6);
s8[s8idx++] = 0x80 | (utfchar & 0x3f);
} else if (utfchar < 0x10000) {
s8[s8idx++] = 0xe0 | (utfchar >> 12);
s8[s8idx++] = 0x80 | ((utfchar >> 6) & 0x3f);
s8[s8idx++] = 0x80 | (utfchar & 0x3f);
} else if (utfchar < 0x200000) {
s8[s8idx++] = 0xf0 | (utfchar >> 18);
s8[s8idx++] = 0x80 | ((utfchar >> 12) & 0x3f);
s8[s8idx++] = 0x80 | ((utfchar >> 6) & 0x3f);
s8[s8idx++] = 0x80 | (utfchar & 0x3f);
}
}
return (s8);
}
void
utf8_to_utf16(const uint8_t *s8, uint16_t *s16, size_t s16len)
{
size_t s16idx, s8idx, s8len;
uint32_t utfchar;
unsigned int c, utfbytes;
s8len = 0;
while (s8[s8len++] != 0)
;
s8idx = s16idx = 0;
utfbytes = 0;
do {
c = s8[s8idx++];
if ((c & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
/* Initial characters. */
if (utfbytes != 0) {
/* Incomplete encoding. */
s16[s16idx++] = 0xfffd;
if (s16idx == s16len) {
s16[--s16idx] = 0;
return;
}
}
if ((c & 0xf8) == 0xf0) {
utfchar = c & 0x07;
utfbytes = 3;
} else if ((c & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
utfchar = c & 0x0f;
utfbytes = 2;
} else if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
utfchar = c & 0x1f;
utfbytes = 1;
} else {
utfchar = c & 0x7f;
utfbytes = 0;
}
} else {
/* Followup characters. */
if (utfbytes > 0) {
utfchar = (utfchar << 6) + (c & 0x3f);
utfbytes--;
} else if (utfbytes == 0)
utfbytes = -1;
}
if (utfbytes == 0) {
if (utfchar >= 0x10000 && s16idx + 2 >= s16len)
utfchar = 0xfffd;
if (utfchar >= 0x10000) {
s16[s16idx++] = 0xd800 | ((utfchar>>10)-0x40);
s16[s16idx++] = 0xdc00 | (utfchar & 0x3ff);
} else
s16[s16idx++] = utfchar;
if (s16idx == s16len) {
s16[--s16idx] = 0;
return;
}
}
} while (c != 0);
}
void
le_uuid_dec(void const *buf, uuid_t *uuid)
{
u_char const *p;
int i;
p = buf;
uuid->time_low = le32dec(p);
uuid->time_mid = le16dec(p + 4);
uuid->time_hi_and_version = le16dec(p + 6);
uuid->clock_seq_hi_and_reserved = p[8];
uuid->clock_seq_low = p[9];
for (i = 0; i < _UUID_NODE_LEN; i++)
uuid->node[i] = p[10 + i];
}
void
le_uuid_enc(void *buf, uuid_t const *uuid)
{
u_char *p;
int i;
p = buf;
le32enc(p, uuid->time_low);
le16enc(p + 4, uuid->time_mid);
le16enc(p + 6, uuid->time_hi_and_version);
p[8] = uuid->clock_seq_hi_and_reserved;
p[9] = uuid->clock_seq_low;
for (i = 0; i < _UUID_NODE_LEN; i++)
p[10 + i] = uuid->node[i];
}
int
parse_uuid(const char *s, uuid_t *uuid)
{
uint32_t status;
uuid_from_string(s, uuid, &status);
if (status == uuid_s_ok)
return (0);
switch (*s) {
case 'e':
if (strcmp(s, "efi") == 0) {
uuid_t efi = GPT_ENT_TYPE_EFI;
*uuid = efi;
return (0);
}
break;
case 'h':
if (strcmp(s, "hfs") == 0) {
uuid_t hfs = GPT_ENT_TYPE_APPLE_HFS;
*uuid = hfs;
return (0);
}
break;
case 'l':
if (strcmp(s, "linux") == 0) {
uuid_t lnx = GPT_ENT_TYPE_MS_BASIC_DATA;
*uuid = lnx;
return (0);
}
break;
case 's':
if (strcmp(s, "swap") == 0) {
uuid_t sw = GPT_ENT_TYPE_FREEBSD_SWAP;
*uuid = sw;
return (0);
}
break;
case 'u':
if (strcmp(s, "ufs") == 0) {
uuid_t ufs = GPT_ENT_TYPE_FREEBSD_UFS;
*uuid = ufs;
return (0);
}
break;
case 'w':
if (strcmp(s, "windows") == 0) {
uuid_t win = GPT_ENT_TYPE_MS_BASIC_DATA;
*uuid = win;
return (0);
}
break;
}
return (EINVAL);
}
void*
gpt_read(int fd, off_t lba, size_t count)
{
off_t ofs;
void *buf;
count *= secsz;
buf = malloc(count);
if (buf == NULL)
return (NULL);
ofs = lba * secsz;
if (lseek(fd, ofs, SEEK_SET) == ofs &&
read(fd, buf, count) == (ssize_t)count)
return (buf);
free(buf);
return (NULL);
}
int
gpt_write(int fd, map_t *map)
{
off_t ofs;
size_t count;
count = map->map_size * secsz;
ofs = map->map_start * secsz;
if (lseek(fd, ofs, SEEK_SET) == ofs &&
write(fd, map->map_data, count) == (ssize_t)count)
return (0);
return (-1);
}
static int
gpt_mbr(int fd, off_t lba)
{
struct mbr *mbr;
map_t *m, *p;
off_t size, start;
unsigned int i, pmbr;
mbr = gpt_read(fd, lba, 1);
if (mbr == NULL)
return (-1);
if (mbr->mbr_sig != htole16(MBR_SIG)) {
if (verbose)
warnx("%s: MBR not found at sector %llu", device_name,
(long long)lba);
free(mbr);
return (0);
}
/*
* Differentiate between a regular MBR and a PMBR. This is more
* convenient in general. A PMBR is one with a single partition
* of type 0xee.
*/
pmbr = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (mbr->mbr_part[i].part_typ == 0)
continue;
if (mbr->mbr_part[i].part_typ == 0xee)
pmbr++;
else
break;
}
if (pmbr && i == 4 && lba == 0) {
if (pmbr != 1)
warnx("%s: Suspicious PMBR at sector %llu",
device_name, (long long)lba);
else if (verbose > 1)
warnx("%s: PMBR at sector %llu", device_name,
(long long)lba);
p = map_add(lba, 1LL, MAP_TYPE_PMBR, mbr);
return ((p == NULL) ? -1 : 0);
}
if (pmbr)
warnx("%s: Suspicious MBR at sector %llu", device_name,
(long long)lba);
else if (verbose > 1)
warnx("%s: MBR at sector %llu", device_name, (long long)lba);
p = map_add(lba, 1LL, MAP_TYPE_MBR, mbr);
if (p == NULL)
return (-1);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (mbr->mbr_part[i].part_typ == 0 ||
mbr->mbr_part[i].part_typ == 0xee)
continue;
start = le16toh(mbr->mbr_part[i].part_start_hi);
start = (start << 16) + le16toh(mbr->mbr_part[i].part_start_lo);
size = le16toh(mbr->mbr_part[i].part_size_hi);
size = (size << 16) + le16toh(mbr->mbr_part[i].part_size_lo);
if (start == 0 && size == 0) {
warnx("%s: Malformed MBR at sector %llu", device_name,
(long long)lba);
continue;
}
/* start is relative to the offset of the MBR itself. */
start += lba;
if (verbose > 2)
warnx("%s: MBR part: type=%d, start=%llu, size=%llu",
device_name, mbr->mbr_part[i].part_typ,
(long long)start, (long long)size);
if (mbr->mbr_part[i].part_typ != 15) {
m = map_add(start, size, MAP_TYPE_MBR_PART, p);
if (m == NULL)
return (-1);
m->map_index = i + 1;
} else {
if (gpt_mbr(fd, start) == -1)
return (-1);
}
}
return (0);
}
static int
gpt_gpt(int fd, off_t lba)
{
uuid_t type;
off_t size;
struct gpt_ent *ent;
struct gpt_hdr *hdr;
char *p, *s;
map_t *m;
size_t blocks, tblsz;
unsigned int i;
uint32_t crc;
hdr = gpt_read(fd, lba, 1);
if (hdr == NULL)
return (-1);
if (memcmp(hdr->hdr_sig, GPT_HDR_SIG, sizeof(hdr->hdr_sig)))
goto fail_hdr;
crc = le32toh(hdr->hdr_crc_self);
hdr->hdr_crc_self = 0;
if (crc32(hdr, le32toh(hdr->hdr_size)) != crc) {
if (verbose)
warnx("%s: Bad CRC in GPT header at sector %llu",
device_name, (long long)lba);
goto fail_hdr;
}
tblsz = le32toh(hdr->hdr_entries) * le32toh(hdr->hdr_entsz);
blocks = tblsz / secsz + ((tblsz % secsz) ? 1 : 0);
/* Use generic pointer to deal with hdr->hdr_entsz != sizeof(*ent). */
p = gpt_read(fd, le64toh(hdr->hdr_lba_table), blocks);
if (p == NULL)
return (-1);
if (crc32(p, tblsz) != le32toh(hdr->hdr_crc_table)) {
if (verbose)
warnx("%s: Bad CRC in GPT table at sector %llu",
device_name,
(long long)le64toh(hdr->hdr_lba_table));
goto fail_ent;
}
if (verbose > 1)
warnx("%s: %s GPT at sector %llu", device_name,
(lba == 1) ? "Pri" : "Sec", (long long)lba);
m = map_add(lba, 1, (lba == 1)
? MAP_TYPE_PRI_GPT_HDR : MAP_TYPE_SEC_GPT_HDR, hdr);
if (m == NULL)
return (-1);
m = map_add(le64toh(hdr->hdr_lba_table), blocks, (lba == 1)
? MAP_TYPE_PRI_GPT_TBL : MAP_TYPE_SEC_GPT_TBL, p);
if (m == NULL)
return (-1);
if (lba != 1)
return (0);
for (i = 0; i < le32toh(hdr->hdr_entries); i++) {
ent = (void*)(p + i * le32toh(hdr->hdr_entsz));
if (uuid_is_nil(&ent->ent_type, NULL))
continue;
size = le64toh(ent->ent_lba_end) - le64toh(ent->ent_lba_start) +
1LL;
if (verbose > 2) {
le_uuid_dec(&ent->ent_type, &type);
uuid_to_string(&type, &s, NULL);
warnx(
"%s: GPT partition: type=%s, start=%llu, size=%llu", device_name, s,
(long long)le64toh(ent->ent_lba_start),
(long long)size);
free(s);
}
m = map_add(le64toh(ent->ent_lba_start), size,
MAP_TYPE_GPT_PART, ent);
if (m == NULL)
return (-1);
m->map_index = i + 1;
}
return (0);
fail_ent:
free(p);
fail_hdr:
free(hdr);
return (0);
}
int
gpt_open(const char *dev)
{
struct stat sb;
int fd, mode;
mode = readonly ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR|O_EXCL;
strlcpy(device_path, dev, sizeof(device_path));
device_name = device_path;
if ((fd = open(device_path, mode)) != -1)
goto found;
snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, dev);
device_name = device_path + strlen(_PATH_DEV);
if ((fd = open(device_path, mode)) != -1)
goto found;
return (-1);
found:
if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)
goto close;
if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG) {
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &secsz) == -1 ||
ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasz) == -1)
goto close;
} else {
secsz = 512; /* Fixed size for files. */
if (sb.st_size % secsz) {
errno = EINVAL;
goto close;
}
mediasz = sb.st_size;
}
/*
* We require an absolute minimum of 6 sectors. One for the MBR,
* 2 for the GPT header, 2 for the GPT table and one to hold some
* user data. Let's catch this extreme border case here so that
* we don't have to worry about it later.
*/
if (mediasz / secsz < 6) {
errno = ENODEV;
goto close;
}
if (verbose)
warnx("%s: mediasize=%llu; sectorsize=%u; blocks=%llu",
device_name, (long long)mediasz, secsz,
(long long)(mediasz / secsz));
map_init(mediasz / secsz);
if (gpt_mbr(fd, 0LL) == -1)
goto close;
/*
* Don't look for a GPT unless we have a valid PMBR.
*/
if (map_find(MAP_TYPE_PMBR) != NULL) {
if (gpt_gpt(fd, 1LL) == -1)
goto close;
if (gpt_gpt(fd, mediasz / secsz - 1LL) == -1)
goto close;
}
return (fd);
close:
close(fd);
return (-1);
}
void
gpt_close(int fd)
{
/* XXX post processing? */
close(fd);
}
static struct {
int (*fptr)(int, char *[]);
const char *name;
} cmdsw[] = {
{ cmd_add, "add" },
{ cmd_boot, "boot" },
{ cmd_create, "create" },
{ cmd_destroy, "destroy" },
{ NULL, "help" },
{ cmd_label, "label" },
{ cmd_migrate, "migrate" },
{ cmd_recover, "recover" },
{ cmd_remove, "remove" },
{ NULL, "rename" },
{ cmd_show, "show" },
{ NULL, "verify" },
{ NULL, NULL }
};
static void
usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: %s [-rv] [-p nparts] command [options] device ...\n",
getprogname());
exit(1);
}
static void
prefix(const char *cmd)
{
char *pfx;
const char *prg;
prg = getprogname();
pfx = malloc(strlen(prg) + strlen(cmd) + 2);
/* Don't bother failing. It's not important */
if (pfx == NULL)
return;
sprintf(pfx, "%s %s", prg, cmd);
setprogname(pfx);
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char *cmd, *p;
int ch, i;
/* Get the generic options */
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "p:rv")) != -1) {
switch(ch) {
case 'p':
if (parts > 0)
usage();
parts = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
if (*p != 0 || parts < 1)
usage();
break;
case 'r':
readonly = 1;
break;
case 'v':
verbose++;
break;
default:
usage();
}
}
if (!parts)
parts = 128;
if (argc == optind)
usage();
cmd = argv[optind++];
for (i = 0; cmdsw[i].name != NULL && strcmp(cmd, cmdsw[i].name); i++);
if (cmdsw[i].fptr == NULL)
errx(1, "unknown command: %s", cmd);
prefix(cmd);
return ((*cmdsw[i].fptr)(argc, argv));
}