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This allows doing things like LC_ALL=C some_builtin to run a builtin under a different locale, just like is possible with external programs. The immediate reason is that this allows making printf(1) a builtin without breaking things like LC_NUMERIC=C printf '%f\n' 1.2 This change also affects special builtins, as even though the assignment is persistent, the export is only to the builtin (unless the variable was already exported). Note: for this to work for builtins that also exist as external programs such as /bin/test, the setlocale() call must be under #ifndef SHELL. The shell will do the setlocale() calls which may not agree with the environment variables.