375 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
375 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2014 The FreeBSD Foundation
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This software was developed by Edward Tomasz Napierala under sponsorship
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.\" from the FreeBSD Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd March 13, 2015
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.Dt AUTO_MASTER 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm auto_master
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.Nd auto_master and map file format
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The automounter configuration consists of the
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.Nm
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configuration file, which assigns filesystem paths to map names,
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and maps, which contain actual mount information.
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The
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.Nm
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configuration file is used by the
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.Xr automount 8
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command.
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Map files are read by the
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.Xr automountd 8
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daemon.
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.Sh AUTO_MASTER SYNTAX
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The
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.Nm
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file consists of lines with two or three entries separated by whitespace
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and terminated by newline character:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Pa mountpoint Pa map_name Op Ar -options
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Pa mountpoint
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is either a fully specified path, or
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.Li /- .
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When
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.Pa mountpoint
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is a full path,
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.Pa map_name
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must reference an indirect map.
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Otherwise,
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.Pa map_name
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must reference a direct map.
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See
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.Sx "MAP SYNTAX" below.
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.Pp
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.Pa map_name
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specifies map to use.
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If
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.Pa map_name
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begins with
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.Li - ,
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it specifies a special map.
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See
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.Sx "MAP SYNTAX"
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below.
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If
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.Pa map_name
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is not a fully specified path
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.Pq it does not start with Li / ,
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.Xr automountd 8
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will search for that name in
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.Li /etc .
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Otherwise it will use the path as given.
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If the file indicated by
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.Pa map_name
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is executable,
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.Xr automountd 8
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will assume it is an executable map.
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See
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.Sx "MAP SYNTAX"
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below.
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Otherwise, the file is opened and the contents parsed.
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.Pp
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.Pa -options
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is an optional field that starts with
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.Li -
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and can contain generic filesystem mount options.
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.Pp
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The following example specifies that the /etc/auto_example indirect map
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will be mounted on /example.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/example auto_example
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.Ed
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.Sh MAP SYNTAX
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Map files consist of lines with a number of entries separated by whitespace
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and terminated by newline character:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Pa key Oo Ar -options Oc Oo Ar mountpoint Oo -options Oc Oc Ar location Op ...
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.Ed
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.Pp
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In most cases, it can be simplified to:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Pa key Oo Ar -options Oc Ar location
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Pa key
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is the path component used by
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.Xr automountd 8
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to find the right map entry to use.
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It is also used to form the final mountpoint.
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A wildcard
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.Pq Ql *
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can be used for the key.
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It matches every directory that does not match other keys.
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Those directories will not be visible to the user
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until accessed.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar options
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field, if present, must begin with
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.Li - .
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When mounting the filesystem, options supplied to
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.Nm
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and options specified in the map entry are concatenated together.
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The special option
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.Li fstype
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is used to specify filesystem type.
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It is not passed to the mount program as an option.
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Instead, it is passed as an argument to
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.Cm "mount -t".
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The default
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.Li fstype
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is
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.Ql nfs .
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The special option
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.Li nobrowse
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is used to disable creation of top-level directories for special
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and executable maps.
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.Pp
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The optional
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.Pa mountpoint
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field is used to specify multiple mount points
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for a single key.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar location
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field specifies the filesystem to be mounted.
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Ampersands
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.Pq Ql &
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in the
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.Ar location
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field are replaced with the value of
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.Ar key .
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This is typically used with wildcards, like:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li * 192.168.1.1:/share/&
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar location
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field may contain references to variables, like:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li sys 192.168.1.1:/sys/${OSNAME}
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Defined variables are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "-OSNAME" -compact
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.It Li ARCH
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Expands to the output of
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.Li "uname -p" .
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.It Li CPU
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Same as ARCH.
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.It Li HOST
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Expands to the output of
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.Li "uname -n" .
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.It Li OSNAME
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Expands to the output of
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.Li "uname -s" .
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.It Li OSREL
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Expands to the output of
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.Li "uname -r" .
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.It Li OSVERS
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Expands to the output of
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.Li "uname -v" .
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.El
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.Pp
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Additional variables can be defined with the
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.Fl D
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option of
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.Xr automount 8
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and
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.Xr automountd 8 .
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.Pp
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To pass a location that begins with
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.Li / ,
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prefix it with a colon.
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For example,
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.Li :/dev/cd0 .
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.Pp
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This example, when put into
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.Pa /etc/auto_example ,
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and with
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.Nm
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referring to the map as described above, specifies that the NFS share
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.Li 192.168.1.1:/share/example/x
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will be mounted on
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.Pa /example/x/
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when any process attempts to access that mountpoint, with
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.Li intr
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and
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.Li nfsv4
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mount options, described in
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.Xr mount_nfs 8 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li x -intr,nfsv4 192.168.1.1:/share/example/x
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Automatically mount an SMB share on access, as a guest user,
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without prompting for a password:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li share -fstype=smbfs,-N ://@server/share
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Automatically mount the CD drive on access:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li cd -fstype=cd9660 :/dev/cd0
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.Ed
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.Sh SPECIAL MAPS
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Special maps have names beginning with
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.Li - .
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Supported special maps are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "-hosts" -compact
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.It Li -hosts
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Query the remote NFS server and map exported shares.
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This map is traditionally mounted on
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.Pa /net .
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Access to files on a remote NFS server is provided through the
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.Pf /net/ Ar nfs-server-ip Ns / Ns Ar share-name Ns/
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directory without any additional configuration.
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Directories for individual NFS servers are not present until the first access,
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when they are automatically created.
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.It Li -media
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Query devices that are not yet mounted, but contain valid filesystems.
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Generally used to access files on removable media.
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.It Li -noauto
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Mount filesystems configured in
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.Xr fstab 5
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as "noauto".
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This needs to be set up as a direct map.
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.It Li -null
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Prevent
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.Xr automountd 8
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from mounting anything on the mountpoint.
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.El
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.Pp
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It is possible to add custom special maps by adding them, as executable
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maps named
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.Pa special_foo ,
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to the
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.Pa /etc/autofs/
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directory.
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.Sh EXECUTABLE MAPS
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If the map file specified in
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.Nm
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has the execute bit set,
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.Xr automountd 8
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will execute it and parse the standard output instead of parsing
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the file contents.
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When called without command line arguments, the executable is
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expected to output a list of available map keys separated by
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newline characters.
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Otherwise, the executable will be called with a key name as
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a command line argument.
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Output from the executable is expected to be the entry for that key,
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not including the key itself.
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.Sh INDIRECT VERSUS DIRECT MAPS
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Indirect maps are referred to in
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.Nm
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by entries with a fully qualified path as a mount point, and must contain only
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relative paths as keys.
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Direct maps are referred to in
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.Nm
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by entries with
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.Li /-
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as the mountpoint, and must contain only fully qualified paths as keys.
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For indirect maps, the final mount point is determined by concatenating the
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.Nm
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mountpoint with the map entry key and optional map entry mountpoint.
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For direct maps, the final mount point is determined by concatenating
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the map entry key with the optional map entry mountpoint.
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.Pp
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The example above could be rewritten using direct map, by placing this in
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.Nm :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li /- auto_example
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.Ed
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.Pp
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and this in
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.Li /etc/auto_example
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map file:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li /example/x -intr,nfsv4 192.168.1.1:/share/example/x
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.Li /example/share -fstype=smbfs,-N ://@server/share
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.Li /example/cd -fstype=cd9660 :/dev/cd0
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.Ed
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.Sh DIRECTORY SERVICES
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Both
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.Nm
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and maps may contain entries consisting of a plus sign and map name:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Li +auto_master
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Those entries cause
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.Xr automountd 8
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daemon to retrieve the named map from directory services (like LDAP)
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and include it where the entry was.
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.Pp
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If the file containing the map referenced in
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.Nm
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is not found, the map will be retrieved from directory services instead.
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.Pp
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To retrieve entries from directory services,
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.Xr automountd 8
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daemon runs
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.Pa /etc/autofs/include ,
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which is usually a shell script, with map name as the only command line
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parameter.
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The script should output entries formatted according to
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.Nm
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or automounter map syntax to standard output.
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An example script to use LDAP is included in
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.Pa /etc/autofs/include_ldap .
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It can be symlinked to
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.Pa /etc/autofs/include .
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/auto_master" -compact
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.It Pa /etc/auto_master
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The default location of the
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.Pa auto_master
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file.
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.It Pa /etc/autofs/
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Directory containing shell scripts to implement special maps and directory
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services.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr autofs 5 ,
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.Xr automount 8 ,
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.Xr automountd 8 ,
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.Xr autounmountd 8
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.Sh AUTHORS
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The
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.Nm
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configuration file functionality was developed by
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.An Edward Tomasz Napierala Aq Mt trasz@FreeBSD.org
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under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
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