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instead of removing the file and issue a warning about the removal, do not do any operation at all in case -P is specified when the dinode has hard links. With -f and -P specified together, we assume that the user wants rm to overwrite the contents of the file and remove it (destroy the contents of file but leave its hard links as is). The reason of doing it this way is that, in case where a hard link is created by a malicious user (currently this is permitted even if the user has no access to the file). Losing the link can potentially mean that the actual owner would lose control completely to the user who wants to obtain access in a future day. Discussed with: Peter Jermey
227 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
227 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rm.1 8.5 (Berkeley) 12/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd October 30, 2006
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.Dt RM 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rm ,
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.Nm unlink
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.Nd remove directory entries
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl f | i
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.Op Fl dIPRrvW
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.Ar
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.Nm unlink
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.Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the
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command line.
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If the permissions of the file do not permit writing, and the standard
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input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error
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output) for confirmation.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Fl d
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Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files.
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.It Fl f
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Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirmation,
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regardless of the file's permissions.
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If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify
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the exit status to reflect an error.
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The
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.Fl f
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl i
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options.
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.It Fl i
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Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of
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the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a
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terminal.
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The
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.Fl i
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl f
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options.
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.It Fl I
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Request confirmation once if more than three files are being removed or if a
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directory is being recursively removed.
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This is a far less intrusive option than
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.Fl i
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yet provides almost the same level of protection against mistakes.
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.It Fl P
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Overwrite regular files before deleting them.
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Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff,
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then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted.
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Files with multiple links will not be overwritten nor deleted unless
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.Fl f
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is specified, a warning is generated instead.
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.Pp
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Specifying this flag for a read only file will cause
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.Nm
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to generate an error message and exit.
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The file will not be removed or overwritten.
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.It Fl R
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Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each file argument.
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The
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.Fl R
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option implies the
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.Fl d
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option.
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If the
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.Fl i
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option is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation before
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each directory's contents are processed (as well as before the attempt
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is made to remove the directory).
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If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in
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that directory is skipped.
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.Pp
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.It Fl r
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Equivalent to
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.Fl R .
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.It Fl v
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Be verbose when deleting files, showing them as they are removed.
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.It Fl W
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Attempt to undelete the named files.
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Currently, this option can only be used to recover
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files covered by whiteouts.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links.
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.Pp
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It is an error to attempt to remove the files
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.Pa / ,
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.Pa .\&
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or
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.Pa .. .
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.Pp
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When the utility is called as
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.Nm unlink ,
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only one argument,
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which must not be a directory,
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may be supplied.
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No options may be supplied in this simple mode of operation,
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which performs an
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.Xr unlink 2
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operation on the passed argument.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed,
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or if the
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.Fl f
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option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were
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removed.
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If an error occurs,
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.Nm
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exits with a value >0.
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.Sh NOTE
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The
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.Nm
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command uses
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.Xr getopt 3
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to parse its arguments, which allows it to accept
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the
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.Sq Li --
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option which will cause it to stop processing flag options at that
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point.
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This will allow the removal of file names that begin
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with a dash
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.Pq Sq - .
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For example:
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.Dl rm -- -filename
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The same behavior can be obtained by using an absolute or relative
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path reference.
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For example:
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.Dl rm /home/user/-filename
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.Dl rm ./-filename
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.Pp
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When
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.Fl P
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is specified with
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.Fl f
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the file will be overwritten and removed even if it has hard links.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The
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.Nm
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utility differs from historical implementations in that the
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.Fl f
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option only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of
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masking a large variety of errors.
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The
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.Fl v
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option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.
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.Pp
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Also, historical
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.Bx
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implementations prompted on the standard output,
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not the standard error output.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chflags 1 ,
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.Xr rmdir 1 ,
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.Xr undelete 2 ,
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.Xr unlink 2 ,
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.Xr fts 3 ,
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.Xr getopt 3 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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command conforms to
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.St -p1003.2 .
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.Pp
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The simplified
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.Nm unlink
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command conforms to
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.St -susv2 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v1 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Fl P
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option assumes that the underlying file system is a fixed-block file
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system.
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UFS is a fixed-block file system, LFS is not.
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In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files
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are not.
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