169 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
169 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 5, 1993
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.Dt INTRO 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm intro
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.Nd introduction to the C libraries
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This section provides an overview of the C
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library functions, their error returns and other
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common definitions and concepts.
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Most of these functions are available from the C library,
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.Em libc .
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.\" (see
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.\" .Xr libc 3 ) .
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Other libraries, such as the math library,
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.Em libm ,
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must be indicated at compile time with the
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.Fl l
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option of the compiler.
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.\" .Pp
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.\" A subset of the
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.\" .Xr libc functions
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.\" are available from Fortran;
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.\" they are described separately in
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.\" .Xr intro 3f .
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.Pp
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The various libraries (followed by the loader flag):
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.Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)"
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.It Xr libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c
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Standard C library functions.
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.\" (See
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.\" .Xr libc 3 . )
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When using the C compiler
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.Xr cc 1 ,
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it is not necessary
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to supply the loader flag
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.Fl l Ns Ar c
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for these functions.
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There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of
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.Xr libc :
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the standard
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.Tn I/O
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routines,
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database routines,
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bit operators,
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string operators,
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character tests and character operators,
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des encryption routines,
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storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more.
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.It Xr libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar termcap
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Terminal independent screen management routines
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for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals.
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(See
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.Xr ncurses 3 . )
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.It Xr libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat
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Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with
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.Bx 4.3 .
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In particular,
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a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of
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.Bx
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have been included for source code compatibility.
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Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided.
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The manual page entry for each compatibility routine
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indicates the proper interface to use.
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.It Xr libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm
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Functions used to access kernel memory are in this library.
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They can be used
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against both a running system and a crash dump.
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(See
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.Xr kvm 3 . )
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.It Xr libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l
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The library for
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.Xr lex 1 .
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.\" .It Xr libln
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.It Xr libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m
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The math library,
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.Em libm .
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The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler,
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.\" .Xr pc 1 ,
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but not by the C compiler which requires the
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.Fl l Ns Ar m
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flag.
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(See
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.Xr math 3 . )
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.It Xr libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp
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.\" .It Xr libom
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.\" Old math library.
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.\" .It Xr libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot
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.\" Device independent plotting functions.
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.\" (See
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.\" .Xr plot 3 . )
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.\" .It Xr libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77
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.\" The device independent plotting functions for fortran.
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.\" (See
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.\" .Xr plot 3 . )
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.\" .It Xr libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv
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.\" Routines for network address resolution.
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.It Xr libtermcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar termcap
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The terminal independent operation library package.
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(See
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.Xr termcap 3 . )
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.\" .It libvt0.a
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.It Xr liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y
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The library for
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.Xr yacc 1 .
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libm_p.a -compact
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a
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the C library
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libc_p.a
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the C library compiled for profiling
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a
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the math library
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libm_p.a
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the math library compiled for profiling
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.\" .Xr libc 3 ,
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.Xr cc 1 ,
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.Xr ld 1 ,
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.Xr nm 1 ,
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.Xr intro 2 ,
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.Xr math 3 ,
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.Xr stdio 3
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.\" .Sh LIST OF FUNCTIONS
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.\" .Bl -column "strncasecmpxxx" "system"
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.\" .Sy Name Description
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.\" .El
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.Sh HISTORY
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An
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.Nm
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manual appeared in
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.At v7 .
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