458 lines
15 KiB
Groff
458 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgment:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 13, 1996
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os BSD 4.2
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Op Fl L
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.Ar interface
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Ifconfig
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is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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.Nm Ifconfig
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must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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.\" addresses are
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.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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.\" where
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.\" .Ar net
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.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
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.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.\" .Ar a
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.\" through
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.\" .Ar f ,
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.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
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.\" The host number may be omitted on 10Mb/s Ethernet interfaces,
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.\" which use the hardware physical address,
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.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
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.\" For the
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.\" .Tn ISO
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.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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.\" as in the Xerox family. However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
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.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specify the
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.Ar "address family"
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq ether ,
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.\" .Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq ipx .
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.\" and
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.\" .Dq ns .
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Ar interface
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This
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq en0 .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm ifconfig :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm add
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Another name for the ``alias'' parameter. Introduced for compatibility
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with BSD/OS.
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
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for this interface, a netmask of 0xffffffff has to be specified.
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.It Fl alias
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Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.It Cm anycast
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(Inet6 only)
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Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
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Based on the current specification,
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only routers may configure anycast addresses.
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Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
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IPv6 packets.
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.It Cm arp
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Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
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between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
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This is currently implemented for mapping between
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet
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addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
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.It Fl arp
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Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
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.It Cm broadcast
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(Inet only)
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Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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.It Cm debug
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Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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extra console error logging.
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.It Fl debug
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Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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.It Cm delete
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Another name for the ``-alias'' parameter.
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.It Cm down
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Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is
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marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
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transmit messages through that interface.
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If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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.\" .It Cm ipdst
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.\" This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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.\" ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
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.\" An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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.\" the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
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.\" of the destination.
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.\" IP encapsulation of
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.\" .Tn CLNP
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.\" packets is done differently.
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.It Cm lladdr Ar addr
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Set the link-level address on an interface. This can be used to
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e.g. set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
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mechanism used is not ethernet-specific. The address
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.Ar addr
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is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
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If the interface is already
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up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
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then brought back up again in order to insure that the receive
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filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
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.It Cm media Ar type
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
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of the interface to
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.Ar type .
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Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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different physical media connectors. For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
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interface might support the use of either
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.Tn AUI
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or twisted pair connectors. Setting the media type to
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.Dq 10base5/AUI
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would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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Setting it to
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.Dq 10baseT/UTP
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would activate twisted pair. Refer to the interfaces' driver
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specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
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available types.
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.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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media options on the interface.
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.Ar Opts
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is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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list of available options.
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.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
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specified media options on the interface.
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.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
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If the interface is a vlan pseudo interface, set the vlan tag value
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to
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.Ar vlan_tag .
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This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
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vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface.
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Note that
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.Cm vlan
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and
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.Cm vlandev
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must both be set at the same time.
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.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
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If the interface is a vlan pseudo device, associate physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with it.
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Packets transmitted through the vlan interface will be
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diverted to the specified physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with 802.1Q vlan encapsulation.
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Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
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by the parent interface with the correct vlan tag will be diverted to
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the associated vlan pseudo-interface.
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The vlan interface is assigned a
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copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
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The
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.Cm vlandev
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and
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.Cm vlan
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must both be set at the same time.
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If the vlan interface already has
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a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
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To
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change the association to another physical interface, the existing
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association must be cleared first.
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.Pp
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Note: if the
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.Ar link0
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flag is set on the vlan interface, the vlan pseudo
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interface's behavior changes: the
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.Ar link0
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tells the vlan interface that the
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parent interface supports insertion and extraction of vlan tags on its
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own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
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the parent unaltered.
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.It Fl vlandev Ar iface
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If the driver is a vlan pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
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.Ar iface
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from it.
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This breaks the link between the vlan interface and its parent,
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clears its vlan tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
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.It Cm metric Ar n
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Set the routing metric of the interface to
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.Ar n ,
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default 0.
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The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
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.Pq Xr routed 8 .
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Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
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less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
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to the destination network or host.
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.It Cm mtu Ar n
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Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
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.Ar n ,
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default is interface specific.
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The mtu is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
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interface.
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Not all interfaces support setting the mtu, and some interfaces have
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range restrictions.
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.It Cm netmask Ar mask
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.\" (Inet and ISO)
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(Inet only)
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Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
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networks into sub-networks.
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The mask includes the network part of the local address
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and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
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The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
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with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
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or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
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.Xr networks 5 .
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The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
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which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
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and 0's for the host part.
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The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
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and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
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portion.
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.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
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(Inet6 only)
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Specify that
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.Ar len
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bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
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The
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.Ar len
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must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
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It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
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If the parameter is ommitted, 64 is used.
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.\" see
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.\" Xr eon 5 .
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.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
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.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
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.\" only)
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.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
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.\" .Tn NSAP
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.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
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.\" taken to be the
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.\" .Tn NET
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.\" (Network Entity Title).
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.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
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.\" .Tn GOSIP .
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.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
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.\" it is really the
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.\" .Tn NSAP
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.\" which is being specified.
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.\" For example, in
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.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
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.\" 20 hex digits should be
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.\" specified in the
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.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
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.\" to be assigned to the interface.
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.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
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.\" for
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.\" .Tn AFI
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.\" 37 type addresses.
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.It Cm range
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Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
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.Em netrange.
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of the form startnet-endnet.
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Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
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netmasks though
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.Fx
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implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
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.It Cm remove
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Another name for the ``-alias'' parameter. Introduced for compatibility
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with BSD/OS.
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.It Cm phase
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The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
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Appletalk network attached to the interface.
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Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
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.It Cm link[0-2]
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Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
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These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
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they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
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An example
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of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
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for some Ethernet cards. Refer to the man page for the specific driver
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for more information.
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.It Fl link[0-2]
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Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
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.It Cm up
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Mark an interface
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.Dq up .
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This may be used to enable an interface after an
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.Dq ifconfig down .
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It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
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If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
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the hardware will be re-initialized.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm Ifconfig
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displays the current configuration for a network interface
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when no optional parameters are supplied.
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If a protocol family is specified,
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.Nm
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will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
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.Pp
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If the driver does supports the media selection system, the supported
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media list will be included in the output.
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.Pp
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If
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.Fl L
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flag is supplied, address lifetime is dislayed for IPv6 addresses,
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as time offset string.
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.Pp
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Optionally, the
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.Fl a
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flag may be used instead of an interface name. This flag instructs
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.Nm
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to display information about all interfaces in the system.
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The
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.Fl d
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flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
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.Fl u
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limits this to interfaces that are up.
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When no arguments are given,
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.Fl a
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is implied.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl l
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flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
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no other additional information. Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
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with all other flags and commands, except for
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.Fl d
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(only list interfaces that are down)
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and
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.Fl u
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(only list interfaces that are up).
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.Pp
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Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
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.Sh NOTES
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The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
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it (or have need for it).
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
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requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
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tried to alter an interface's configuration.
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.Sh BUGS
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IPv6 link-local addresses are required for several basic communication
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between IPv6 node.
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If they are deleted by
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.Nm ifconfig
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manually, the kernel might show very strange behavior.
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So, such manual deletions are strongly discouraged.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr netstat 1 ,
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.Xr netintro 4 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr routed 8
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.\" .Xr eon 5
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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