809 lines
28 KiB
Groff
809 lines
28 KiB
Groff
.\" $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.67 2017/06/14 20:57:07 schwarze Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate: June 14 2017 $
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.Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mandoc_char
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.Nd mandoc special characters
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This page documents the
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.Xr roff 7
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escape sequences accepted by
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.Xr mandoc 1
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to represent special characters in
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.Xr mdoc 7
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and
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.Xr man 7
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documents.
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.Pp
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The rendering depends on the
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.Xr mandoc 1
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output mode; in ASCII output, most characters are completely
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unintelligible.
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For that reason, using any of the special characters documented here,
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except those discussed in the
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.Sx DESCRIPTION ,
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is strongly discouraged; they are supported merely for backwards
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compatibility with existing documents.
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.Pp
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In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character
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escape sequences to represent national language characters in author
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names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names.
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.Ss Dashes and Hyphens
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In typography there are different types of dashes of various width:
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the hyphen (-),
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the minus sign (\(mi),
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the en-dash (\(en),
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and the em-dash (\(em).
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.Pp
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Hyphens are used for adjectives;
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to separate the two parts of a compound word;
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or to separate a word across two successive lines of text.
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The hyphen does not need to be escaped:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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blue-eyed
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lorry-driver
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If a word on a text input line contains a hyphen, a formatter may decide
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to insert an output line break after the hyphen if that helps filling
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the current output line, but the whole word would overflow the line.
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If it is important that the word is not broken across lines in this
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way, a zero-width space
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.Pq Sq \e&
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can be inserted before or after the hyphen.
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While
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.Xr mandoc 1
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never breaks the output line after hyphens adjacent to a zero-width
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space, after any of the other dash- or hyphen-like characters
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represented by escape sequences, or after hyphens inside words in
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macro arguments, other software may not respect these rules and may
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break the line even in such cases.
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.Pp
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Some
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.Xr roff 7
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implementations contains dictionaries allowing to break the line
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at syllable boundaries even inside words that contain no hyphens.
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Such automatic hyphenation is not supported by
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.Xr mandoc 1 ,
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which only breaks the line at whitespace, and inside words only
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after existing hyphens.
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.Pp
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The mathematical minus sign is used for negative numbers or subtraction.
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It should be written as
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.Sq \e(mi :
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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a = 3 \e(mi 1;
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b = \e(mi2;
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range,
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or can be used the same way as an em-dash.
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It should be written as
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.Sq \e(en :
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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pp. 95\e(en97.
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Go away \e(en or else!
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The em-dash can be used to show an interruption
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or can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses.
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It should be written as
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.Sq \e(em :
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas.
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This is not that \e(em rather, this is that.
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Note:
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hyphens, minus signs, and en-dashes look identical under normal ASCII output.
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Other formats, such as PostScript, render them correctly,
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with differing widths.
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.Ss Spaces
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To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment
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in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply,
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just use the normal space character
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.Pq Sq \ .
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.Pp
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When filling text, output lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space
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characters.
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To prevent a line break between two particular words,
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use the unpaddable non-breaking space escape sequence
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.Pq Sq \e\ \&
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instead of the normal space character.
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For example, the input string
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.Dq number\e\ 1
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will be kept together as
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.Dq number\ 1
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on the same output line.
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.Pp
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On request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an
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argument delimiter.
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To include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice;
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see the MACRO SYNTAX section in
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.Xr roff 7 .
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In some cases, using the non-breaking space escape sequence
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.Pq Sq \e\ \&
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may be preferable.
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.Pp
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To escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end
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of input lines, the zero-width space
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.Pq Sq \e&
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is often useful.
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For example, in
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.Xr mdoc 7 ,
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a normal space character can be displayed in single quotes in either
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of the following ways:
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.Pp
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.Dl .Sq \(dq \(dq
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.Dl .Sq \e \e&
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.Ss Quotes
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On request and macro lines, the double-quote character
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.Pq Sq \(dq
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is handled specially to allow quoting.
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One way to prevent this special handling is by using the
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.Sq \e(dq
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escape sequence.
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.Pp
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Note that on text lines, literal double-quote characters can be used
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verbatim.
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All other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well,
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even on request and macro lines.
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.Ss Accents
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In output modes supporting such special output characters, for example
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.Fl T Cm pdf ,
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and sometimes less consistently in
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.Fl T Cm utf8 ,
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some
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.Xr roff 7
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formatters convert the following ASCII input characters to the
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following Unicode special output characters:
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.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent
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.It \(ga Ta U+2018 Ta left single quotation mark
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.It \(aq Ta U+2019 Ta right single quotation mark
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.It \(ti Ta U+02DC Ta small tilde
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.It \(ha Ta U+02C6 Ta modifier letter circumflex
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.El
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.Pp
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In prose, this automatic substitution is often desirable;
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but when these characters have to be displayed as plain ASCII
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characters, for example in source code samples, they require
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escaping to render as follows:
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.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent
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.It \e(ga Ta U+0060 Ta grave accent
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.It \e(aq Ta U+0027 Ta apostrophe
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.It \e(ti Ta U+007E Ta tilde
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.It \e(ha Ta U+005E Ta circumflex accent
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.El
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.Ss Periods
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The period
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.Pq Sq \&.
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is handled specially at the beginning of an input line,
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where it introduces a
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.Xr roff 7
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request or a macro, and when appearing alone as a macro argument in
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.Xr mdoc 7 .
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In such situations, prepend a zero-width space
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.Pq Sq \e&.
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to make it behave like normal text.
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.Pp
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Do not use the
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.Sq \e.
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escape sequence.
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It does not prevent special handling of the period.
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.Ss Backslashes
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To include a literal backslash
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.Pq Sq \e
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into the output, use the
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.Pq Sq \ee
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escape sequence.
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.Pp
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Note that doubling it
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.Pq Sq \e\e
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is not the right way to output a backslash.
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Because
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.Xr mandoc 1
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does not implement full
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.Xr roff 7
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functionality, it may work with
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.Xr mandoc 1 ,
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but it may have weird effects on complete
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.Xr roff 7
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implementations.
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.Sh SPECIAL CHARACTERS
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Special characters are encoded as
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.Sq \eX
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.Pq for a one-character escape ,
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.Sq \e(XX
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.Pq two-character ,
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and
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.Sq \e[N]
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.Pq N-character .
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For details, see the
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.Em Special Characters
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subsection of the
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.Xr roff 7
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manual.
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.Pp
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Spacing:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Description
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.It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable non-breaking space
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.It \e\(ti Ta paddable non-breaking space
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.It \e0 Ta unpaddable, breaking digit-width space
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.It \e| Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode
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.It \e^ Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff
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.It \e& Ta zero-width space
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.It \e% Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation
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.El
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.Pp
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Lines:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar
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.It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule
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.It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore
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.It \e(ru Ta \(ru Ta underscore (width 0.5m)
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.It \e(rn Ta \(rn Ta overline
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.It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar
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.It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash
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.It \e(rs Ta \(rs Ta backward slash
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.El
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.Pp
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Text markers:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(ci Ta \(ci Ta circle
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.It \e(bu Ta \(bu Ta bullet
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.It \e(dd Ta \(dd Ta double dagger
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.It \e(dg Ta \(dg Ta dagger
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.It \e(lz Ta \(lz Ta lozenge
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.It \e(sq Ta \(sq Ta white square
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.It \e(ps Ta \(ps Ta paragraph
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.It \e(sc Ta \(sc Ta section
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.It \e(lh Ta \(lh Ta left hand
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.It \e(rh Ta \(rh Ta right hand
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.It \e(at Ta \(at Ta at
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.It \e(sh Ta \(sh Ta hash (pound)
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.It \e(CR Ta \(CR Ta carriage return
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.It \e(OK Ta \(OK Ta check mark
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.It \e(CL Ta \(CL Ta club suit
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.It \e(SP Ta \(SP Ta spade suit
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.It \e(HE Ta \(HE Ta heart suit
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.It \e(DI Ta \(DI Ta diamond suit
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.El
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.Pp
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Legal symbols:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(co Ta \(co Ta copyright
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.It \e(rg Ta \(rg Ta registered
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.It \e(tm Ta \(tm Ta trademarked
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.El
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.Pp
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Punctuation:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(em Ta \(em Ta em-dash
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.It \e(en Ta \(en Ta en-dash
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.It \e(hy Ta \(hy Ta hyphen
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.It \ee Ta \e Ta back-slash
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.It \e. Ta \. Ta period
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.It \e(r! Ta \(r! Ta upside-down exclamation
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.It \e(r? Ta \(r? Ta upside-down question
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.El
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.Pp
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Quotes:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(Bq Ta \(Bq Ta right low double-quote
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.It \e(bq Ta \(bq Ta right low single-quote
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.It \e(lq Ta \(lq Ta left double-quote
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.It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote
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.It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote
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.It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote
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.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (text)
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.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (text)
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.It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet
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.It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet
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.It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet
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.It \e(fc Ta \(fc Ta right single guillemet
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.El
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.Pp
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Brackets:
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.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbtx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(lB Ta \(lB Ta left bracket
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.It \e(rB Ta \(rB Ta right bracket
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.It \e(lC Ta \(lC Ta left brace
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.It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace
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.It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle
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.It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle
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.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension
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.It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension
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.It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket
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.It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket
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.It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension
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.It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket
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.It \e[bracketrightbt] Ta \[bracketrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket
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.It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension
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.It \e(lt Ta \(lt Ta top-left hooked brace
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.It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace
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.It \e(lk Ta \(lk Ta mid-left hooked brace
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.It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace
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.It \e(lb Ta \(lb Ta bottom-left hooked brace
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.It \e[braceleftbt] Ta \[braceleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked brace
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.It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension
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.It \e(rt Ta \(rt Ta top-left hooked brace
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.It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace
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.It \e(rk Ta \(rk Ta mid-right hooked brace
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.It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace
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.It \e(rb Ta \(rb Ta bottom-right hooked brace
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.It \e[bracerightbt] Ta \[bracerightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked brace
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.It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension
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.It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis
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.It \e[parenleftbt] Ta \[parenleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis
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.It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension
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.It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis
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.It \e[parenrightbt] Ta \[parenrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis
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.It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension
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.El
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.Pp
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Arrows:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(<- Ta \(<- Ta left arrow
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.It \e(-> Ta \(-> Ta right arrow
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.It \e(<> Ta \(<> Ta left-right arrow
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.It \e(da Ta \(da Ta down arrow
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.It \e(ua Ta \(ua Ta up arrow
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.It \e(va Ta \(va Ta up-down arrow
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.It \e(lA Ta \(lA Ta left double-arrow
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.It \e(rA Ta \(rA Ta right double-arrow
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.It \e(hA Ta \(hA Ta left-right double-arrow
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.It \e(uA Ta \(uA Ta up double-arrow
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.It \e(dA Ta \(dA Ta down double-arrow
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.It \e(vA Ta \(vA Ta up-down double-arrow
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.It \e(an Ta \(an Ta horizontal arrow extension
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.El
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.Pp
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Logical:
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.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and
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.It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or
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.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not
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.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text)
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.It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier
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.It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier
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.It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that
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.It \e(tf Ta \(tf Ta therefore
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.It \e(3d Ta \(3d Ta therefore
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.It \e(or Ta \(or Ta bitwise or
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.El
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.Pp
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Mathematical:
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.Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
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.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
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.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus
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.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus
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.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text)
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.It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus
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.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus
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.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text)
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.It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta center-dot
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.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply
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.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text)
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.It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply
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.It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus
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.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide
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.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text)
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.It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction
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.It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk
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.It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal
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.It \e(>= Ta \(>= Ta greater-than-equal
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.It \e(<< Ta \(<< Ta much less
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.It \e(>> Ta \(>> Ta much greater
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.It \e(eq Ta \(eq Ta equal
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.It \e(!= Ta \(!= Ta not equal
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.It \e(== Ta \(== Ta equivalent
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.It \e(ne Ta \(ne Ta not equivalent
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.It \e(ap Ta \(ap Ta tilde operator
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.It \e(|= Ta \(|= Ta asymptotically equal
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.It \e(=\(ti Ta \(=~ Ta approximately equal
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.It \e(\(ti\(ti Ta \(~~ Ta almost equal
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.It \e(\(ti= Ta \(~= Ta almost equal
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.It \e(pt Ta \(pt Ta proportionate
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.It \e(es Ta \(es Ta empty set
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.It \e(mo Ta \(mo Ta element
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.It \e(nm Ta \(nm Ta not element
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.It \e(sb Ta \(sb Ta proper subset
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.It \e(nb Ta \(nb Ta not subset
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.It \e(sp Ta \(sp Ta proper superset
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.It \e(nc Ta \(nc Ta not superset
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.It \e(ib Ta \(ib Ta reflexive subset
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.It \e(ip Ta \(ip Ta reflexive superset
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.It \e(ca Ta \(ca Ta intersection
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.It \e(cu Ta \(cu Ta union
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.It \e(/_ Ta \(/_ Ta angle
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.It \e(pp Ta \(pp Ta perpendicular
|
|
.It \e(is Ta \(is Ta integral
|
|
.It \e[integral] Ta \[integral] Ta integral
|
|
.It \e[sum] Ta \[sum] Ta summation
|
|
.It \e[product] Ta \[product] Ta product
|
|
.It \e[coproduct] Ta \[coproduct] Ta coproduct
|
|
.It \e(gr Ta \(gr Ta gradient
|
|
.It \e(sr Ta \(sr Ta square root
|
|
.It \e[sqrt] Ta \[sqrt] Ta square root
|
|
.It \e(lc Ta \(lc Ta left-ceiling
|
|
.It \e(rc Ta \(rc Ta right-ceiling
|
|
.It \e(lf Ta \(lf Ta left-floor
|
|
.It \e(rf Ta \(rf Ta right-floor
|
|
.It \e(if Ta \(if Ta infinity
|
|
.It \e(Ah Ta \(Ah Ta aleph
|
|
.It \e(Im Ta \(Im Ta imaginary
|
|
.It \e(Re Ta \(Re Ta real
|
|
.It \e(wp Ta \(wp Ta Weierstrass p
|
|
.It \e(pd Ta \(pd Ta partial differential
|
|
.It \e(-h Ta \(-h Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p
|
|
.It \e[hbar] Ta \[hbar] Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p
|
|
.It \e(12 Ta \(12 Ta one-half
|
|
.It \e(14 Ta \(14 Ta one-fourth
|
|
.It \e(34 Ta \(34 Ta three-fourths
|
|
.It \e(18 Ta \(18 Ta one-eighth
|
|
.It \e(38 Ta \(38 Ta three-eighths
|
|
.It \e(58 Ta \(58 Ta five-eighths
|
|
.It \e(78 Ta \(78 Ta seven-eighths
|
|
.It \e(S1 Ta \(S1 Ta superscript 1
|
|
.It \e(S2 Ta \(S2 Ta superscript 2
|
|
.It \e(S3 Ta \(S3 Ta superscript 3
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Ligatures:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ff Ta \(ff Ta ff ligature
|
|
.It \e(fi Ta \(fi Ta fi ligature
|
|
.It \e(fl Ta \(fl Ta fl ligature
|
|
.It \e(Fi Ta \(Fi Ta ffi ligature
|
|
.It \e(Fl Ta \(Fl Ta ffl ligature
|
|
.It \e(AE Ta \(AE Ta AE
|
|
.It \e(ae Ta \(ae Ta ae
|
|
.It \e(OE Ta \(OE Ta OE
|
|
.It \e(oe Ta \(oe Ta oe
|
|
.It \e(ss Ta \(ss Ta German eszett
|
|
.It \e(IJ Ta \(IJ Ta IJ ligature
|
|
.It \e(ij Ta \(ij Ta ij ligature
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Accents:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(a" Ta \(a" Ta Hungarian umlaut
|
|
.It \e(a- Ta \(a- Ta macron
|
|
.It \e(a. Ta \(a. Ta dotted
|
|
.It \e(a^ Ta \(a^ Ta circumflex
|
|
.It \e(aa Ta \(aa Ta acute
|
|
.It \e\(aq Ta \' Ta acute
|
|
.It \e(ga Ta \(ga Ta grave
|
|
.It \e\(ga Ta \` Ta grave
|
|
.It \e(ab Ta \(ab Ta breve
|
|
.It \e(ac Ta \(ac Ta cedilla
|
|
.It \e(ad Ta \(ad Ta dieresis
|
|
.It \e(ah Ta \(ah Ta caron
|
|
.It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring
|
|
.It \e(a\(ti Ta \(a~ Ta tilde
|
|
.It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek
|
|
.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (text)
|
|
.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (text)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Accented letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(\(aqA Ta \('A Ta acute A
|
|
.It \e(\(aqE Ta \('E Ta acute E
|
|
.It \e(\(aqI Ta \('I Ta acute I
|
|
.It \e(\(aqO Ta \('O Ta acute O
|
|
.It \e(\(aqU Ta \('U Ta acute U
|
|
.It \e(\(aqa Ta \('a Ta acute a
|
|
.It \e(\(aqe Ta \('e Ta acute e
|
|
.It \e(\(aqi Ta \('i Ta acute i
|
|
.It \e(\(aqo Ta \('o Ta acute o
|
|
.It \e(\(aqu Ta \('u Ta acute u
|
|
.It \e(\(gaA Ta \(`A Ta grave A
|
|
.It \e(\(gaE Ta \(`E Ta grave E
|
|
.It \e(\(gaI Ta \(`I Ta grave I
|
|
.It \e(\(gaO Ta \(`O Ta grave O
|
|
.It \e(\(gaU Ta \(`U Ta grave U
|
|
.It \e(\(gaa Ta \(`a Ta grave a
|
|
.It \e(\(gae Ta \(`e Ta grave e
|
|
.It \e(\(gai Ta \(`i Ta grave i
|
|
.It \e(\(gao Ta \(`i Ta grave o
|
|
.It \e(\(gau Ta \(`u Ta grave u
|
|
.It \e(\(tiA Ta \(~A Ta tilde A
|
|
.It \e(\(tiN Ta \(~N Ta tilde N
|
|
.It \e(\(tiO Ta \(~O Ta tilde O
|
|
.It \e(\(tia Ta \(~a Ta tilde a
|
|
.It \e(\(tin Ta \(~n Ta tilde n
|
|
.It \e(\(tio Ta \(~o Ta tilde o
|
|
.It \e(:A Ta \(:A Ta dieresis A
|
|
.It \e(:E Ta \(:E Ta dieresis E
|
|
.It \e(:I Ta \(:I Ta dieresis I
|
|
.It \e(:O Ta \(:O Ta dieresis O
|
|
.It \e(:U Ta \(:U Ta dieresis U
|
|
.It \e(:a Ta \(:a Ta dieresis a
|
|
.It \e(:e Ta \(:e Ta dieresis e
|
|
.It \e(:i Ta \(:i Ta dieresis i
|
|
.It \e(:o Ta \(:o Ta dieresis o
|
|
.It \e(:u Ta \(:u Ta dieresis u
|
|
.It \e(:y Ta \(:y Ta dieresis y
|
|
.It \e(^A Ta \(^A Ta circumflex A
|
|
.It \e(^E Ta \(^E Ta circumflex E
|
|
.It \e(^I Ta \(^I Ta circumflex I
|
|
.It \e(^O Ta \(^O Ta circumflex O
|
|
.It \e(^U Ta \(^U Ta circumflex U
|
|
.It \e(^a Ta \(^a Ta circumflex a
|
|
.It \e(^e Ta \(^e Ta circumflex e
|
|
.It \e(^i Ta \(^i Ta circumflex i
|
|
.It \e(^o Ta \(^o Ta circumflex o
|
|
.It \e(^u Ta \(^u Ta circumflex u
|
|
.It \e(,C Ta \(,C Ta cedilla C
|
|
.It \e(,c Ta \(,c Ta cedilla c
|
|
.It \e(/L Ta \(/L Ta stroke L
|
|
.It \e(/l Ta \(/l Ta stroke l
|
|
.It \e(/O Ta \(/O Ta stroke O
|
|
.It \e(/o Ta \(/o Ta stroke o
|
|
.It \e(oA Ta \(oA Ta ring A
|
|
.It \e(oa Ta \(oa Ta ring a
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Special letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(-D Ta \(-D Ta Eth
|
|
.It \e(Sd Ta \(Sd Ta eth
|
|
.It \e(TP Ta \(TP Ta Thorn
|
|
.It \e(Tp Ta \(Tp Ta thorn
|
|
.It \e(.i Ta \(.i Ta dotless i
|
|
.It \e(.j Ta \(.j Ta dotless j
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Currency:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(Do Ta \(Do Ta dollar
|
|
.It \e(ct Ta \(ct Ta cent
|
|
.It \e(Eu Ta \(Eu Ta Euro symbol
|
|
.It \e(eu Ta \(eu Ta Euro symbol
|
|
.It \e(Ye Ta \(Ye Ta yen
|
|
.It \e(Po Ta \(Po Ta pound
|
|
.It \e(Cs Ta \(Cs Ta Scandinavian
|
|
.It \e(Fn Ta \(Fn Ta florin
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Units:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(de Ta \(de Ta degree
|
|
.It \e(%0 Ta \(%0 Ta per-thousand
|
|
.It \e(fm Ta \(fm Ta minute
|
|
.It \e(sd Ta \(sd Ta second
|
|
.It \e(mc Ta \(mc Ta micro
|
|
.It \e(Of Ta \(Of Ta Spanish female ordinal
|
|
.It \e(Om Ta \(Om Ta Spanish masculine ordinal
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Greek letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(*A Ta \(*A Ta Alpha
|
|
.It \e(*B Ta \(*B Ta Beta
|
|
.It \e(*G Ta \(*G Ta Gamma
|
|
.It \e(*D Ta \(*D Ta Delta
|
|
.It \e(*E Ta \(*E Ta Epsilon
|
|
.It \e(*Z Ta \(*Z Ta Zeta
|
|
.It \e(*Y Ta \(*Y Ta Eta
|
|
.It \e(*H Ta \(*H Ta Theta
|
|
.It \e(*I Ta \(*I Ta Iota
|
|
.It \e(*K Ta \(*K Ta Kappa
|
|
.It \e(*L Ta \(*L Ta Lambda
|
|
.It \e(*M Ta \(*M Ta Mu
|
|
.It \e(*N Ta \(*N Ta Nu
|
|
.It \e(*C Ta \(*C Ta Xi
|
|
.It \e(*O Ta \(*O Ta Omicron
|
|
.It \e(*P Ta \(*P Ta Pi
|
|
.It \e(*R Ta \(*R Ta Rho
|
|
.It \e(*S Ta \(*S Ta Sigma
|
|
.It \e(*T Ta \(*T Ta Tau
|
|
.It \e(*U Ta \(*U Ta Upsilon
|
|
.It \e(*F Ta \(*F Ta Phi
|
|
.It \e(*X Ta \(*X Ta Chi
|
|
.It \e(*Q Ta \(*Q Ta Psi
|
|
.It \e(*W Ta \(*W Ta Omega
|
|
.It \e(*a Ta \(*a Ta alpha
|
|
.It \e(*b Ta \(*b Ta beta
|
|
.It \e(*g Ta \(*g Ta gamma
|
|
.It \e(*d Ta \(*d Ta delta
|
|
.It \e(*e Ta \(*e Ta epsilon
|
|
.It \e(*z Ta \(*z Ta zeta
|
|
.It \e(*y Ta \(*y Ta eta
|
|
.It \e(*h Ta \(*h Ta theta
|
|
.It \e(*i Ta \(*i Ta iota
|
|
.It \e(*k Ta \(*k Ta kappa
|
|
.It \e(*l Ta \(*l Ta lambda
|
|
.It \e(*m Ta \(*m Ta mu
|
|
.It \e(*n Ta \(*n Ta nu
|
|
.It \e(*c Ta \(*c Ta xi
|
|
.It \e(*o Ta \(*o Ta omicron
|
|
.It \e(*p Ta \(*p Ta pi
|
|
.It \e(*r Ta \(*r Ta rho
|
|
.It \e(*s Ta \(*s Ta sigma
|
|
.It \e(*t Ta \(*t Ta tau
|
|
.It \e(*u Ta \(*u Ta upsilon
|
|
.It \e(*f Ta \(*f Ta phi
|
|
.It \e(*x Ta \(*x Ta chi
|
|
.It \e(*q Ta \(*q Ta psi
|
|
.It \e(*w Ta \(*w Ta omega
|
|
.It \e(+h Ta \(+h Ta theta variant
|
|
.It \e(+f Ta \(+f Ta phi variant
|
|
.It \e(+p Ta \(+p Ta pi variant
|
|
.It \e(+e Ta \(+e Ta epsilon variant
|
|
.It \e(ts Ta \(ts Ta sigma terminal
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS
|
|
Predefined strings are inherited from the macro packages of historical
|
|
troff implementations.
|
|
They are
|
|
.Em not recommended
|
|
for use, as they differ across implementations.
|
|
Manuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not
|
|
portable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Their syntax is similar to special characters, using
|
|
.Sq \e*X
|
|
.Pq for a one-character escape ,
|
|
.Sq \e*(XX
|
|
.Pq two-character ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq \e*[N]
|
|
.Pq N-character .
|
|
For details, see the
|
|
.Em Predefined Strings
|
|
subsection of the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
manual.
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e*(Ba Ta \*(Ba Ta vertical bar
|
|
.It \e*(Ne Ta \*(Ne Ta not equal
|
|
.It \e*(Ge Ta \*(Ge Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(Le Ta \*(Le Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(Gt Ta \*(Gt Ta greater-than
|
|
.It \e*(Lt Ta \*(Lt Ta less-than
|
|
.It \e*(Pm Ta \*(Pm Ta plus-minus
|
|
.It \e*(If Ta \*(If Ta infinity
|
|
.It \e*(Pi Ta \*(Pi Ta pi
|
|
.It \e*(Na Ta \*(Na Ta NaN
|
|
.It \e*(Am Ta \*(Am Ta ampersand
|
|
.It \e*R Ta \*R Ta restricted mark
|
|
.It \e*(Tm Ta \*(Tm Ta trade mark
|
|
.It \e*q Ta \*q Ta double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(Rq Ta \*(Rq Ta right-double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(Lq Ta \*(Lq Ta left-double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(lp Ta \*(lp Ta right-parenthesis
|
|
.It \e*(rp Ta \*(rp Ta left-parenthesis
|
|
.It \e*(lq Ta \*(lq Ta left double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(rq Ta \*(rq Ta right double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(ua Ta \*(ua Ta up arrow
|
|
.It \e*(va Ta \*(va Ta up-down arrow
|
|
.It \e*(<= Ta \*(<= Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(>= Ta \*(>= Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(aa Ta \*(aa Ta acute
|
|
.It \e*(ga Ta \*(ga Ta grave
|
|
.It \e*(Px Ta \*(Px Ta POSIX standard name
|
|
.It \e*(Ai Ta \*(Ai Ta ANSI standard name
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS
|
|
The escape sequences
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \e[uXXXX] and \eC\(aquXXXX\(aq
|
|
.Pp
|
|
are interpreted as Unicode codepoints.
|
|
The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF.
|
|
For compatibility, the hexadecimal digits
|
|
.Sq A
|
|
to
|
|
.Sq F
|
|
must be given as uppercase characters,
|
|
and points must be zero-padded to four characters; if
|
|
greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed.
|
|
Unicode surrogates are not allowed.
|
|
.Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS
|
|
For backward compatibility with existing manuals,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
also supports the
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
|
|
.Pp
|
|
escape sequence, inserting the character
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
from the current character set into the output.
|
|
Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked
|
|
as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual.
|
|
For example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq, use \e(dq, or even the plain
|
|
.Sq \(dq
|
|
character where possible.
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other
|
|
troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
|
|
.Pq Qq groff .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -dash -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
The \eN\(aq\(aq escape sequence is limited to printable characters; in
|
|
groff, it accepts arbitrary character numbers.
|
|
.It
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
|
|
the
|
|
\e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product],
|
|
\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(-h, and \e(a. special characters render
|
|
differently between mandoc and groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm html ,
|
|
the \e(\(ti=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently
|
|
between mandoc and groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ps
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm pdf
|
|
modes format like
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii
|
|
instead of rendering glyphs as in groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
The \e[radicalex], \e[sqrtex], and \e(ru special characters have been omitted
|
|
from mandoc either because they are poorly documented or they have no
|
|
known representation.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
.Xr man 7 ,
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
manual page was written by
|
|
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .
|
|
.Sh CAVEATS
|
|
The predefined string
|
|
.Sq \e*(Ba
|
|
mimics the behaviour of the
|
|
.Sq \&|
|
|
character in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ;
|
|
thus, if you wish to render a vertical bar with no side effects, use
|
|
the
|
|
.Sq \e(ba
|
|
escape.
|