528 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
528 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
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@- @-
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@- @-
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@- @- @@@@@- @@@@@@- @@- @-
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@- F o r a l l h a c h e r s. version 1.9
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@- @@@@@@-@- @- @- @@@@@- @- @- @-
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@- @- @- @- @- @- @- @@@@@- @-
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@- @- @- @- @- @- @-@- @- @-
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@@@@@@@@- @@@@- @@@@@- @@@@@@-@@@- @@@@- @@@@@@-
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Shigio Yamaguchi 21-Apr-97
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Copyright 1996, 1997 Shigio Yamaguchi All right resereved.
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GLOBAL is a browsing system for C and Yacc source code.
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It brings benefits to all hackers. Enjoy!
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Contents
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--------------------------------
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0. Introduction
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1. Global
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1.1. Features
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1.2. Preparation
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1.3. Basic usage
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1.4. Applied usage
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2. Extended vi using global
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2.1. Features
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2.2. Preparation
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2.3. Basic usage
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2.4. Applied usage
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3. Hypertext generator
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3.1. Features
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3.2. Preparation
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3.3. Usage
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3.4. To make hypertext of kernel
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--------------------------------
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0. Introduction
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GLOBAL is a browsing system for C and Yacc source files.
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You can locate the specified function in C source files and move there easily.
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It is useful to hack a large project containing many subdirectories,
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many '#ifdef' and many main() functions like MH, X or BSD kernel.
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It supports following environments.
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o shell command line(see '1. Global')
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o vi editor(see '2. Extended vi using global')
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o web browser(see '3. Hypertext generator')
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GLOBAL is consist of global(1), gtags(1), btreeop(1), gctags(1), htags(1)
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and extended vi(1).
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* 'extended' means being entended for GLOBAL.
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* Btreeop and gctags are used internally, so you need not
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understand about them.
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The extended vi is completely upper compatible with original one.
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All the functions for GLOBAL are enabled only in 'gtagsmode'.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1. Global
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1.1. Features
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o Global can find the locations of a specified function quickly.
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o Global can locate not only function definitions but also function references.
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o Global allows duplicate entries.
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o Global can treat a source tree containing subdirectories and you can
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get relative path of objects from anywhere within the tree.
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o Global can understand perl's regular expression.
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o Global can search in not only a source tree but also library paths.
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o Global can treat yacc source file.
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I think these features are useful for a large project containing many
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subdirectories, many '#ifdef' and many main() functions like MH.
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1.2. Preparation
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First of all, you must execute gtags(1) at the root of source tree.
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For example, if you want to browse vi's source code, please do like this.
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% cd /usr/src/usr.bin/vi
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% gtags
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Gtags traverse subdirectories and makes
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two database at the root of source tree.
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% ls G*TAGS
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GRTAGS GTAGS
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GTAGS - database for function definition
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GRTAGS - database for function reference
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If you cannot find functions that should exist, please try -e option.
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% gtags -e
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1.3. Basic usage
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Please think of following source tree.
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ROOT/ <- the root of source tree (GTAGS,GRTAGS)
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|- DIR1/
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| |
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| |- fileA.c ..... +---------------+
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| | |main(){ |
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| | | func1();|
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| | | func2();|
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| | |} |
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| | +---------------+
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| |- fileB.c ..... +---------------+
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| |func1(){ ... } |
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| +---------------+
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|- DIR2/
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|- fileC.c ..... +---------------+
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|#ifdef X |
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|func2(){ i++; }|
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|#else |
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|func2(){ i--; }|
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|#endif |
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|func3(){ |
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| func1();|
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|} |
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+---------------+
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You can get the relative path of your object from anywhere within
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the source tree.
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% cd ROOT
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% global func1
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DIR1/fileB.c <- func1() is defined in fileB.c
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% cd DIR1
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% global func1
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fileB.c <- relative path from DIR1
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% cd ../DIR2
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% global func1
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../DIR1/fileB.c <- relative path from DIR2
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-r option locates function references.
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% global -r func2
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../DIR1/fileA.c <- func2() is referred from fileA.c
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You can use perl's regular expression.
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% cd ROOT
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% global 'func[1-3]'
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DIR1/fileB.c <- func1, func2 and func3 are matched
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DIR2/fileC.c
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-x option shows the detail. It's similar to ctags's -x option.
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% global func2
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DIR2/fileC.c
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% global -x func2
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func2 2 DIR2/fileC.c func2(){ i++; }
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func2 4 DIR2/fileC.c func2(){ i--; }
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-a option produces the absolute path name.
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% global -a func1
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/home/user/ROOT/DIR1/fileB.c
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You can edit files including specified function directly like this.
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% vi `global func1` <- edit fileB.c
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1.4. Applied usage
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You can make multiple tag files.
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For example, you can execute gtags at ROOT/, version1.0/ and version2.0/.
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ROOT/ <- the root of source tree (GTAGS,GRTAGS)
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|- version1.0/ <- the root of version1.0 (GTAGS,GRTAGS)
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| |
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| |- file.c ..... +---------------+
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| |func1(){ i++; }|
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| +---------------+
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|- version2.0/ <- the root of version2.0 (GTAGS,GRTAGS)
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|- file.c ..... +---------------+
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|func1(){ i--; }|
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+---------------+
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When you are walking in version1.0 directory, global locates functions
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only in version1.0.
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% cd ROOT/version1.0
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% global -x func1
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func1 1 file.c func1(){ i++; }
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When you are walking in version2.0, global locates functions only in
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version2.0.
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% cd ROOT/version2.0
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% global -x func1
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func1 1 file.c func1(){ i--; }
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If you are at ROOT/ or you set GTAGSROOT environment variable to ROOT,
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global locates functions in both version1.0 and version2.0 directories.
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% cd ROOT
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% global -x func1
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func1 1 version1.0/file.c func1(){ i++; }
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func1 1 version2.0/file.c func1(){ i--; }
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=-=-=-=
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There is another usage of GTAGSROOT.
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If your source files are on a read only device like CDROM, you cannot
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make database on the root of source tree.
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In such case, please do the following.
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% mkdir /var/dbpath
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% cd /cdrom/src <- the root of source tree
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% gtags /var/dbpath <- make tag file in /var/dbpath
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% setenv GTAGSROOT `pwd`
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% setenv GTAGSDBPATH /var/dbpath
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% global func
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=-=-=-=
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If you want to treat the references to a function that is not defined
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in the source tree like a library function or system call, you can specify
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library directories with the GTAGSLIBPATH environment variable.
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You should execute gtags at each directory of the path.
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If GTAGS is not found in a directory, global ignores it.
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% pwd
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/develop/src/mh <- this is the source tree
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% gtags
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% ls G*TAGS
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GRTAGS GTAGS
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% global mhl
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uip/mhlsbr.c <- mhl() is found
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% global strlen <- strlen() is not found
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% (cd /usr/src/lib; gtags) <- library source
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% (cd /usr/src/sys; gtags) <- kernel source
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% setenv GTAGSLIBPATH /usr/src/lib:/usr/src/sys
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% global strlen
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../../../usr/src/lib/libc/string/strlen.c <- strlen() is found in library
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% global access
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../../../usr/src/sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c <- access() is found in kernel
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Of course, user program doesn't call kernel function directly, but
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at least it is useful.
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=-=-=-=
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If you forget function name, you can use -c (complete) option.
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% global -c kmem <- maybe k..k.. kmem..
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kmem_alloc
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kmem_alloc_pageable
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kmem_alloc_wait
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kmem_free
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kmem_free_wakeup
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kmem_init
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kmem_malloc
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kmem_suballoc <- This is what I need!
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% global kmem_suballoc
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../vm/vm_kern.c
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You can use -c option with tcsh's complete command.
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% set funcs=(`global -c`)
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% complete global 'n/*/$funcs/'
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% global kmem_<TAB>
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kmem_alloc kmem_alloc_wait kmem_free_wakeup kmem_malloc
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kmem_alloc_pageable kmem_free kmem_init kmem_suballoc
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% global kmem_s<TAB>
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% global kmem_suballoc
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../vm/vm_kern.c
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* <TAB> means tab key or Ctrl-I.
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=-=-=-=
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If you want to browse many files in order, do the followings.
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% global -xr fork | awk '{printf "view +%s %s\n",$2,$3}' | tee /tmp/list
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view +650 ../dev/aic7xxx/aic7xxx_asm.c
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view +250 ibcs2/ibcs2_misc.c
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view +401 linux/linux_misc.c
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view +310 ../kern/init_main.c
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view +318 ../kern/init_main.c
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view +336 ../kern/init_main.c
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view +351 ../kern/init_main.c
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% sh !$ <- from now on, go to next tag with 'ZZ'.
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2. Extended vi using global
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2.1. Features
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o Tag function of extended vi can locate not only function definitions
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but also function references.
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o Extended vi allows duplicate tag entries.
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o Extended vi can understand perl's regular expression as a tag name
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for search.
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o Extended vi is completely upper compatible with original one.
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Above functions are available only in 'gtags mode'.
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2.2. Preparation
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First do the preparation of global. (Please see "1.2. Preparation").
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Second, to use global from vi, you need to get into 'gtagsmode'.
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There are some ways to do it.
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(a) Start vi with -G option
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% vi -G file.c
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(b) Start vi and execute "set gtagsmode"
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% vi file.c
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~
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~
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~
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:set gtagsmode
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(c) Previously write the set command to .exrc or .nexrc file and start vi
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$HOME/.exrc
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+----------------------------
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|set gtagsmode
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You must start vi under the source tree described in "1.2. Preparation".
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2.3. Basic usage
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o To go to func1, you can say
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:tag func1
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It seemes same with original vi, but extended vi use GTAGS
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instead of tags.
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o To go to referenced point of func1, add prefix 'r'
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:rtag func1
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Extended vi use GRTAGS.
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o If a number of functions located, the action of extended vi differs
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up to your nvi's version.
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[Extended vi based 1.34 nvi]
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Vi goes into 'GTAGS SELECT MODE' like this.
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+-------------------------------------------------------------
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|main 347 i386/isa/ultra14f.c main()
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|main 128 kern/init_main.c main(framep)
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|main 104 netiso/clnp_debug.c main()
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|main 164 netiso/xebec/main.c main(argc, argv)
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|~
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|~
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|~
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|~
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|~
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|[GTAGS SELECT MODE] 4 lines
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+-------------------------------------------------------------
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You can select a tag line by any vi command and press [RETURN],
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and you can go to the tag's point. In ex mode, type "select"
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instead of [RETURN]. When you want to go to next or previous tag,
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you can return to 'GTAGS SELECT MODE' with <control-T> and reselect.
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Suggested .nexrc:
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set gtagsmode
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set leftright
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[Extended vi based 1.79 nvi]
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Vi goes to the first tag.
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Then you can go to next tag by ':tagnext' or back by ':tagprev'.
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Suggested .nexrc:
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set gtagsmode
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map ^N :tagnext^M
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map ^P :tagprev^M
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== WHY TWO STYLE EXIST ? ==
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1.34 nvi cannot treat duplicate tag entries, so I made 'GTAGS SELECT MODE'
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in it. But 1.79 nvi (1.61 and later) can treat them, so I adapted GLOBAL
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tags to nvi's tag structure.
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o <control-]> command is available.
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In gtagsmode, if you are on the first column of line, it is identical to
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":rtag <current token>[RETURN]", otherwise ":tag <current token>[RETURN]".
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o Other tag commands are available too.
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<control-T>
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":tagpop"
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":tagtop"
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":display tags"
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Please read online manual.
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2.4. Applied usage
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o In large project which include many main() function like MH,
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you can start vi like this.
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% vi -G -t main
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You can browse all commands sequentially.
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o When you want to check functions the name of which start with
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"set" or "get",
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% vi -G -t '^[sg]et'
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Of cause, following command is available too.
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:tag ^[sg]et
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o If your source files are on a read only device like CDROM, please do
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the followings.
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% mkdir /var/dbpath <- directory for tag file
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% cd /cdrom/src <- the root of source tree
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% gtags /var/dbpath <- make tag files in /var/dbpath
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% setenv GTAGSROOT `pwd`
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% setenv GTAGSDBPATH /var/dbpath
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% vi -G -t main
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o If you want to treat the references to the function that is not defined
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in the source tree like library functions or system calls,
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do the followings.
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% cd /usr/src/lib
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% gtags <- probably as a root
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% cd /usr/src/sys
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% gtags
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% setenv GTAGSLIBPATH /usr/src/lib:/usr/src/sys
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If you examine vi's source,
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% cd /usr/src/usr.bin/vi
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% gtags
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% vi -G -t main
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You can start from vi and trip the whole unix world as if using
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hypertext.
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3. Hypertext generator
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3.1. Features
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o Htags makes hypertext from C source files.
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o Once the hypertext generated, you need nothing other than WWW browser.
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o You can use all of your browser's functions, for example, search,
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history, bookmark, save, frame, windows and so on.
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3.2. Preparation
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At first, you must prepare much disk space. Hypertext needs so much
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disk space. For example, the source code of FreeBSD kernel needs the
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following disk space.
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source code(/usr/src/sys) 14MB
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tag database(GTAGS,GRTAGS) 9MB(!)
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hypertext(HTML/*) 45MB(!!!)
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Please do the followings.
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(at your source directory)
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% gtags <- make tag database
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% htags <- make hypertext
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Then you will find 'HTML' directory in the current directory.
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3.3. Usage
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Please start a web browser like this.
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% lynx HTML/index.html
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You can use any browsers, for example, Lynx, Chimera, Mosaic,
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Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer and so on.
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(But IE3.0 doesn't work well about index.)
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You will understand the usage for the looking.
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You can move HTML directory to anywhere. It is independent of
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the source code.
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3.4. To make hypertext of kernel
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If you would like to make hypertext of FreeBSD or Linux kernel source,
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it is convenient to use systags script in this package.
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% cd /usr/src/sys
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% systags
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then
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% netscape HTML/index.html
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You can use one level nested index and browse assembler source file too.
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Thank you for your reading of my poor english.
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And of course, I'm grateful to Keith Bostic for his excellent nvi(1) and db(3).
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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E-Mail: <shigio@wafu.netgate.net>
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WWW: <http://wafu.netgate.net/tama/unix/indexe.html>
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(You can find the latest version here.)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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