517 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
517 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
+===================== Installing FreeBSD ==========================+
|
|
| |
|
|
| Table of Contents: |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 0.0 Quick Start: |
|
|
| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet. |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 1.0 Detail on various installation types: |
|
|
| 1.1 Installing from a network CDROM |
|
|
| 1.2 Installing from Floppies |
|
|
| 1.3 Installing from a DOS partition |
|
|
| 1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI tape |
|
|
| 1.5 Installing over a network using NFS or FTP |
|
|
| 1.5.1 NFS Installation tips |
|
|
| 1.5.2 FTP Installation tips |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 2.0 DOS User's Q&A section. |
|
|
| 2.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? |
|
|
| 2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? |
|
|
| 2.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? |
|
|
| 2.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? |
|
|
| |
|
|
+=====================================================================+
|
|
|
|
Author: Jordan K. Hubbard
|
|
Last updated: Tue Mar 24 00:56:14 PST 1998
|
|
|
|
0.0 Quick Start
|
|
--- -----------
|
|
|
|
This manual documents the process of making a new installation of
|
|
FreeBSD on your machine. If you are upgrading from a previous
|
|
release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important
|
|
information on upgrading. If you are not familiar with configuring
|
|
PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file -
|
|
it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief.
|
|
|
|
If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed
|
|
in the Documentation menu on the boot floppy. It may seem like a lot
|
|
to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made
|
|
up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will
|
|
know the types of information available should you get stuck later.
|
|
Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a
|
|
WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and
|
|
Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD. You can also use the
|
|
browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org)
|
|
if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information
|
|
on the resources available to you.
|
|
|
|
The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a
|
|
look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information.
|
|
|
|
DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against
|
|
accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT
|
|
YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not proceed to the
|
|
final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
|
|
important data first! We really mean it!
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD requires a 386 or better processor to run (sorry, there is no
|
|
support for '286 processors), 5 megs of RAM to install and 4 megs of
|
|
ram to run. You will need at least 80 megs of hard drive space free
|
|
on either a dedicated disk or a "primary," (not extended partition,
|
|
to use the DOS terminology). See below for ways to shrink existing
|
|
DOS partitions to install FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet
|
|
--- ---------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The easiest type of installation is from CD. If you have a supported
|
|
CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM,
|
|
there are 3 ways of starting the installation from it:
|
|
|
|
1. If your system supports bootable CDROM media (usually an option
|
|
which can be selectively enabled in the controller's setup menu
|
|
or in the PC BIOS for some systems) and you have it enabled,
|
|
FreeBSD 2.2.1 and later CDs support the "El Torrito" bootable
|
|
CD standard. Simply put the installation CD in your CDROM drive
|
|
and boot the system to begin installation.
|
|
|
|
2. If you have drivers which allow you to see your CDROM drive
|
|
from from DOS, first disable any fancy memory managers you may
|
|
have configured, change directory to the CDROM (E:\ in the example
|
|
below) and then type this:
|
|
|
|
E> install
|
|
|
|
and you should boot directly into the FreeBSD installation.
|
|
|
|
If either steps fail, please go on to step 3.
|
|
|
|
3. Build a FreeBSD boot floppy from the floppies/boot.flp
|
|
file in a FreeBSD distribution. Either simply use the
|
|
``makeflp.bat'' script from DOS or read floppies/README.TXT
|
|
for more information on creating bootable floppies under
|
|
different operating systems. Then you simply boot
|
|
from the floppy and you should go into the FreeBSD
|
|
installation.
|
|
|
|
If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the
|
|
net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the
|
|
<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/boot.flp file from:
|
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD
|
|
|
|
or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html)
|
|
and follow step 3 above. You should also read the floppies/README.TXT
|
|
file as it contains important information for downloaders.
|
|
|
|
Once you have a boot floppy made, please go to section 1.5 of this
|
|
document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.0 Detail on various installation types
|
|
--- ------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen
|
|
somehow, you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go
|
|
from there. If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you
|
|
are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the
|
|
Documentation submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on
|
|
the first menu.
|
|
|
|
REMEMBER: If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online
|
|
documentation for that section.
|
|
|
|
If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the
|
|
"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure
|
|
that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the
|
|
way. If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation
|
|
process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or
|
|
Custom installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system,
|
|
use the Upgrade option.
|
|
|
|
The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape,
|
|
CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips
|
|
on installing from each type of media listed below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.1 Installing from a network CDROM
|
|
--- -------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the
|
|
Quick Start section. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system
|
|
and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of
|
|
another system to which you have network connectivity, there are
|
|
several ways of going about it:
|
|
|
|
1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM
|
|
drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the
|
|
following line to the password file (using the vipw command):
|
|
|
|
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
|
|
|
|
And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media type
|
|
of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after picking
|
|
"Other" in the ftp sites menu.
|
|
|
|
2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the
|
|
machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an
|
|
entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive)
|
|
which looks something like this:
|
|
|
|
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
|
|
|
|
To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly
|
|
via NFS during installation. The machine with the CDROM must also
|
|
be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how
|
|
to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
|
|
for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure
|
|
things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you
|
|
should be able to enter: <cdrom-host>:/cdrom as the path for an NFS
|
|
installation when the target machine is installed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 Installing from Floppies
|
|
--- ------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
|
|
hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
|
|
first prepare some floppies for the install.
|
|
|
|
First, make a boot floppy as described in floppies/README.TXT
|
|
|
|
Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the
|
|
"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're
|
|
going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.
|
|
|
|
Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to
|
|
hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. If you're
|
|
preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be
|
|
formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command. If you're using Windows,
|
|
use the Windows File Manager format command.
|
|
|
|
Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again
|
|
yourself, just to make sure. Many problems reported by our users in
|
|
the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media,
|
|
which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here!
|
|
|
|
If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format
|
|
is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem
|
|
on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to
|
|
put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of
|
|
commands illustrates:
|
|
|
|
fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
|
|
disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
|
|
newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0
|
|
|
|
After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to
|
|
copy the files onto them. The distribution files are split into
|
|
chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional
|
|
1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as
|
|
will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want
|
|
packed up in this fashion. Each distribution should go into its own
|
|
subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa,
|
|
a:\bin\bin.ab, ...
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy
|
|
of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order
|
|
to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and
|
|
concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto
|
|
floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each
|
|
distribution set!
|
|
|
|
Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and
|
|
you'll be prompted for the rest.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3 Installing from a DOS partition
|
|
--- -------------------------------
|
|
|
|
To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should simply
|
|
copy the files from the distribution into a directory called
|
|
"FREEBSD". For example, to do a minimal installation of FreeBSD from
|
|
DOS using files copied from the CDROM, you might do something like
|
|
this:
|
|
|
|
C> MD C:\FREEBSD
|
|
C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN
|
|
|
|
Assuming that `C:' was where you had free space and `E:' was where
|
|
your CD was mounted.
|
|
|
|
For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free
|
|
space for), install each one in a directory under `C:\FREEBSD' - the
|
|
BIN dist is only the minimal requirement.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: Though you can do all of the above by hand if you
|
|
really want to, all of it is much more easily accomplished now by
|
|
Robert Nordier's "setup.exe" program. It will give you a menu of
|
|
distribution choices, verify that you have enough free space and do
|
|
all the copying to C:\FREEBSD for you automatically.
|
|
|
|
Once you've copied the directories or run setup.exe and let it do all
|
|
the work for you, you can simply launch the installation from DOS by
|
|
running the install.bat script (NOTE: Some memory managers don't like
|
|
this - disable QEMM or EMM386 if they're running before trying this)
|
|
or making a boot floppy as described in section 0.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape
|
|
--- -----------------------------
|
|
|
|
When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files
|
|
to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for
|
|
the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape
|
|
with a command something like this:
|
|
|
|
cd /where/you/have/your/dists
|
|
tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2
|
|
|
|
When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you
|
|
leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed
|
|
to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've
|
|
created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of
|
|
installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should
|
|
expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written
|
|
on tape.
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in
|
|
the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy. The installation
|
|
"probe" may otherwise fail to find it.
|
|
|
|
Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with
|
|
the installation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.5 Installing over a network using FTP or NFS
|
|
--- ------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
After making a boot floppy as described in the first section, you can
|
|
load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types
|
|
of connections:
|
|
|
|
Serial port: SLIP / PPP
|
|
Parallel port: PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable)
|
|
Ethernet: A standard Ethernet controller (including
|
|
certain PCCARD devices).
|
|
|
|
Serial Port
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to
|
|
hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two
|
|
computers. The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation
|
|
doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out
|
|
with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to
|
|
it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead.
|
|
|
|
If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service
|
|
Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know
|
|
it fairly early in the installation process. You may also need to
|
|
know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address
|
|
negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
|
|
your ISP if they support it.
|
|
|
|
You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for
|
|
dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer
|
|
provides only a very simple terminal emulator.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parallel Port
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) or Linux
|
|
machine is available, you might also consider installing over a
|
|
"laplink" style parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel
|
|
port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line
|
|
(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not
|
|
typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a
|
|
point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just
|
|
use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1,
|
|
10.0.0.2, etc).
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD
|
|
machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in
|
|
the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethernet
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported
|
|
cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the
|
|
FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy
|
|
or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you are using one of the
|
|
supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
|
|
_before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately,
|
|
currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation.
|
|
|
|
You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the
|
|
"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine.
|
|
Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to
|
|
your particular network setup. If you will be referring to other
|
|
hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server
|
|
and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
|
|
provider's IP address) to use in talking to it.
|
|
|
|
If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should
|
|
really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
|
|
trying this type of installation! Using a randomly chosen IP address
|
|
or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at
|
|
dawn.
|
|
|
|
Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the
|
|
installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.5.1 NFS installation tips
|
|
----- ---------------------
|
|
|
|
NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the
|
|
FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere
|
|
and then point the NFS media selection at it.
|
|
|
|
If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is
|
|
generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you
|
|
will need to set this option in the Options menu before
|
|
installation can proceed.
|
|
|
|
If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very
|
|
slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate
|
|
Options flag.
|
|
|
|
In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support
|
|
"subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD 2.2 distribution directory
|
|
lives on: ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
|
|
Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of
|
|
/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff.
|
|
|
|
In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the
|
|
``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different
|
|
conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages
|
|
from the server then it's likely that you don't have this
|
|
properly enabled!
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.5.2 FTP Installation tips
|
|
----- ---------------------
|
|
|
|
FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
|
|
reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full menu of
|
|
reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is
|
|
provided in the FTP site menu during installation.
|
|
|
|
If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in
|
|
this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server
|
|
configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by
|
|
selecting the ``Other'' choice in that menu. A URL can
|
|
contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would
|
|
work in the absence of a name server:
|
|
|
|
ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-RELEASE
|
|
|
|
There are two FTP installation modes you can use:
|
|
|
|
o FTP:
|
|
|
|
For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for
|
|
transfers. This will not work through most firewalls but
|
|
will often work best with older ftp servers that do not
|
|
support passive mode. If your connection hangs with
|
|
passive mode, try this one!
|
|
|
|
o FTP Passive:
|
|
|
|
For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode. This allows
|
|
the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow
|
|
incoming connections on random port addresses.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY'
|
|
CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A
|
|
DIFFERENT PORT!
|
|
|
|
In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like:
|
|
|
|
ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
|
|
|
|
Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section
|
|
--- --------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
2.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
|
|
--- --------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
|
|
available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find
|
|
the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
|
|
CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
|
|
|
|
FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
|
|
preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
|
|
second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
|
|
DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It
|
|
will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards,
|
|
you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note
|
|
that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first,
|
|
so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions
|
|
where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply delete
|
|
the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by
|
|
examining its size! :)
|
|
|
|
NOTE: FIPS does NOT currently work with FAT32 or VFAT style partitions
|
|
as used by newer versions of Windows 95. To split up such a
|
|
partition, you will need a commercial product such as Partition Magic
|
|
3.0. Sorry, but this is just the breaks if you've got a Windows
|
|
partition hogging your whole disk and you don't want to reinstall from
|
|
scratch.
|
|
|
|
2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
|
|
--- --------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
|
|
DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of
|
|
the filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem
|
|
will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT
|
|
REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly!
|
|
|
|
It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary
|
|
partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if
|
|
such is your desire.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
|
|
--- ---------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other
|
|
``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E:
|
|
drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that
|
|
your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute
|
|
``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
|
|
partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
|
|
--- -------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still
|
|
lacking anyone to actually do the work. Ongoing work with BSDI's
|
|
doscmd utility is bringing this much closer to being a reality in
|
|
FreeBSD-current (AKA 3.0) and you should send mail to
|
|
freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org if you're interested in joining this
|
|
effort!
|
|
|
|
There is also a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection
|
|
which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode
|
|
applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as XFree86
|
|
3.2) to operate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
---- End of Installation Guide ---
|