bc1ace0b96
To make it easier to understand how Capsicum interacts with linkat() and
renameat(), rename the rights to CAP_{LINK,RENAME}AT_{SOURCE,TARGET}.
This also addresses a shortcoming in Capsicum, where it isn't possible
to disable linking to files stored in a directory. Creating hardlinks
essentially makes it possible to access files with additional rights.
Reviewed by: rwatson, wblock
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3411
713 lines
13 KiB
Groff
713 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Robert N. M. Watson
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.\" Copyright (c) 2012-2013 The FreeBSD Foundation
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This software was developed at the University of Cambridge Computer
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.\" Laboratory with support from a grant from Google, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Portions of this documentation were written by Pawel Jakub Dawidek
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.\" under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 27, 2015
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.Dt RIGHTS 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm Capability rights
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.Nd Capsicum capability rights for file descriptors
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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When a file descriptor is created by a function such as
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.Xr accept 2 ,
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.Xr accept4 2 ,
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.Xr fhopen 2 ,
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.Xr kqueue 2 ,
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.Xr mq_open 2 ,
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.Xr open 2 ,
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.Xr openat 2 ,
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.Xr pdfork 2 ,
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.Xr pipe 2 ,
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.Xr shm_open 2 ,
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.Xr socket 2
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or
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.Xr socketpair 2 ,
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it is assigned all capability rights.
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Those rights can be reduced (but never expanded) by using the
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.Xr cap_rights_limit 2 ,
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.Xr cap_fcntls_limit 2 and
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.Xr cap_ioctls_limit 2
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system calls.
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Once capability rights are reduced, operations on the file descriptor will be
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limited to those permitted by rights.
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.Pp
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The complete list of capability rights is provided below.
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The
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.Vt cap_rights_t
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type is used to store list of capability rights.
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The
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.Xr cap_rights_init 3
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family of functions should be used to manage the structure.
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.Sh RIGHTS
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The following rights may be specified in a rights mask:
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.Bl -tag -width CAP_RENAMEAT_SOURCE
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.It Dv CAP_ACCEPT
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Permit
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.Xr accept 2
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and
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.Xr accept4 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_ACL_CHECK
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Permit
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.Xr acl_valid_fd_np 3 .
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.It Dv CAP_ACL_DELETE
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Permit
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.Xr acl_delete_fd_np 3 .
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.It Dv CAP_ACL_GET
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Permit
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.Xr acl_get_fd 3
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and
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.Xr acl_get_fd_np 3 .
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.It Dv CAP_ACL_SET
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Permit
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.Xr acl_set_fd 3
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and
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.Xr acl_set_fd_np 3 .
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.It Dv CAP_BIND
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Permit
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.Xr bind 2 .
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Note that sockets can also become bound implicitly as a result of
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.Xr connect 2
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or
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.Xr send 2 ,
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and that socket options set with
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.Xr setsockopt 2
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may also affect binding behavior.
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.It Dv CAP_BINDAT
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Permit
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.Xr bindat 2 .
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This right has to be present on the directory descriptor.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_CHFLAGSAT
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_FCHFLAGS
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and
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP .
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.It Dv CAP_CONNECT
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Permit
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.Xr connect 2 ;
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also required for
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.Xr sendto 2
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with a non-NULL destination address.
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.It Dv CAP_CONNECTAT
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Permit
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.Xr connectat 2 .
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This right has to be present on the directory descriptor.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_CREATE
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Permit
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.Xr openat 2
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with the
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.Dv O_CREAT
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flag.
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.It Dv CAP_EVENT
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Permit
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.Xr select 2 ,
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.Xr poll 2 ,
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and
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.Xr kevent 2
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to be used in monitoring the file descriptor for events.
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.It Dv CAP_EXTATTR_DELETE
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Permit
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.Xr extattr_delete_fd 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_EXTATTR_GET
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Permit
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.Xr extattr_get_fd 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_EXTATTR_LIST
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Permit
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.Xr extattr_list_fd 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_EXTATTR_SET
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Permit
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.Xr extattr_set_fd 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_FCHDIR
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Permit
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.Xr fchdir 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_FCHFLAGS
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Permit
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.Xr fchflags 2
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and
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.Xr chflagsat 2
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if the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right is also present.
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.It Dv CAP_FCHMOD
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Permit
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.Xr fchmod 2
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and
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.Xr fchmodat 2
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if the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right is also present.
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.It Dv CAP_FCHMODAT
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_FCHMOD
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and
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP .
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.It Dv CAP_FCHOWN
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Permit
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.Xr fchown 2
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and
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.Xr fchownat 2
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if the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right is also present.
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.It Dv CAP_FCHOWNAT
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_FCHOWN
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and
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP .
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.It Dv CAP_FCNTL
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Permit
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.Xr fcntl 2 .
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Note that only the
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.Dv F_GETFL ,
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.Dv F_SETFL ,
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.Dv F_GETOWN
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and
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.Dv F_SETOWN
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commands require this capability right.
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Also note that the list of permitted commands can be further limited with the
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.Xr cap_fcntls_limit 2
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system call.
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.It Dv CAP_FEXECVE
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Permit
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.Xr fexecve 2
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and
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.Xr openat 2
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with the
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.Dv O_EXEC
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flag;
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.Dv CAP_READ
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is also be required.
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.It Dv CAP_FLOCK
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Permit
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.Xr flock 2 ,
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.Xr fcntl 2
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(with
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.Dv F_GETLK ,
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.Dv F_SETLK ,
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.Dv F_SETLKW
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or
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.Dv F_SETLK_REMOTE
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flag) and
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.Xr openat 2
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(with
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.Dv O_EXLOCK
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or
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.Dv O_SHLOCK
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flag).
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.It Dv CAP_FPATHCONF
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Permit
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.Xr fpathconf 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_FSCK
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Permit UFS background-fsck operations on the descriptor.
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.It Dv CAP_FSTAT
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Permit
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.Xr fstat 2
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and
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.Xr fstatat 2
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if the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right is also present.
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.It Dv CAP_FSTATAT
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_FSTAT
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and
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP .
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.It Dv CAP_FSTATFS
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Permit
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.Xr fstatfs 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_FSYNC
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Permit
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.Xr aio_fsync 2 ,
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.Xr fsync 2
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and
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.Xr openat 2
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with
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.Dv O_FSYNC
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or
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.Dv O_SYNC
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flag.
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.It Dv CAP_FTRUNCATE
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Permit
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.Xr ftruncate 2
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and
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.Xr openat 2
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with the
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.Dv O_TRUNC
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flag.
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.It Dv CAP_FUTIMES
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Permit
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.Xr futimens 2
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and
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.Xr futimes 2 ,
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and permit
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.Xr futimesat 2
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and
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.Xr utimensat 2
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if the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right is also present.
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.It Dv CAP_FUTIMESAT
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_FUTIMES
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and
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP .
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.It Dv CAP_GETPEERNAME
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Permit
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.Xr getpeername 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_GETSOCKNAME
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Permit
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.Xr getsockname 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_GETSOCKOPT
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Permit
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.Xr getsockopt 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_IOCTL
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Permit
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.Xr ioctl 2 .
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Be aware that this system call has enormous scope, including potentially
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global scope for some objects.
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The list of permitted ioctl commands can be further limited with the
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.Xr cap_ioctls_limit 2
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system call.
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.It Dv CAP_KQUEUE
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_KQUEUE_CHANGE
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and
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.Dv CAP_KQUEUE_EVENT .
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.It Dv CAP_KQUEUE_CHANGE
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Permit
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.Xr kevent 2
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on a
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.Xr kqueue 2
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descriptor that modifies list of monitored events (the
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.Fa changelist
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argument is non-NULL).
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.It Dv CAP_KQUEUE_EVENT
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Permit
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.Xr kevent 2
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on a
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.Xr kqueue 2
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descriptor that monitors events (the
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.Fa eventlist
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argument is non-NULL).
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.Dv CAP_EVENT
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is also required on file descriptors that will be monitored using
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.Xr kevent 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_LINKAT_SOURCE
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Permit
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.Xr linkat 2
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on the source directory descriptor.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.Pp
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Warning:
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.Dv CAP_LINKAT_SOURCE
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makes it possible to link files in a directory for which file
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descriptors exist that have additional rights.
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For example,
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a file stored in a directory that does not allow
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.Dv CAP_READ
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may be linked in another directory that does allow
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.Dv CAP_READ ,
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thereby granting read access to a file that is otherwise unreadable.
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.It Dv CAP_LINKAT_TARGET
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Permit
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.Xr linkat 2
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on the target directory descriptor.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_LISTEN
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Permit
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.Xr listen 2 ;
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not much use (generally) without
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.Dv CAP_BIND .
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.It Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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Permit the file descriptor to be used as a starting directory for calls such as
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.Xr linkat 2 ,
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.Xr openat 2 ,
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and
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.Xr unlinkat 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_MAC_GET
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Permit
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.Xr mac_get_fd 3 .
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.It Dv CAP_MAC_SET
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Permit
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.Xr mac_set_fd 3 .
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.It Dv CAP_MKDIRAT
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Permit
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.Xr mkdirat 2 .
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_MKFIFOAT
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Permit
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.Xr mkfifoat 2 .
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_MKNODAT
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Permit
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.Xr mknodat 2 .
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP
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Permit
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.Xr mmap 2
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with the
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.Dv PROT_NONE
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protection.
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_R
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Permit
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.Xr mmap 2
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with the
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.Dv PROT_READ
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protection.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_READ
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and
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.Dv CAP_SEEK
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rights.
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_RW
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_R
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and
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_W .
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_RWX
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_R ,
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_W
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and
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_X .
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_RX
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_R
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and
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_X .
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_W
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Permit
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.Xr mmap 2
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with the
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.Dv PROT_WRITE
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protection.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_WRITE
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and
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.Dv CAP_SEEK
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rights.
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_WX
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An alias to
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_W
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and
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.Dv CAP_MMAP_X .
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.It Dv CAP_MMAP_X
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Permit
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.Xr mmap 2
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with the
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.Dv PROT_EXEC
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protection.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_SEEK
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right.
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.It Dv CAP_PDGETPID
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Permit
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.Xr pdgetpid 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_PDKILL
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Permit
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.Xr pdkill 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_PDWAIT
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Permit
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.Xr pdwait4 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_PEELOFF
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Permit
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.Xr sctp_peeloff 2 .
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.It Dv CAP_PREAD
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An alias to
|
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.Dv CAP_READ
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|
and
|
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.Dv CAP_SEEK .
|
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.It Dv CAP_PWRITE
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|
An alias to
|
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.Dv CAP_SEEK
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and
|
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.Dv CAP_WRITE .
|
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.It Dv CAP_READ
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Permit
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.Xr aio_read 2
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.Dv ( CAP_SEEK
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is also required),
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|
.Xr openat 2
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|
with the
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.Dv O_RDONLY flag,
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.Xr read 2 ,
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|
.Xr readv 2 ,
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|
.Xr recv 2 ,
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.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
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.Xr recvmsg 2 ,
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|
.Xr pread 2
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|
.Dv ( CAP_SEEK
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|
is also required),
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.Xr preadv 2
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|
.Dv ( CAP_SEEK
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|
is also required) and related system calls.
|
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.It Dv CAP_RECV
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|
An alias to
|
|
.Dv CAP_READ .
|
|
.It Dv CAP_RENAMEAT_SOURCE
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|
Permit
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.Xr renameat 2
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on the source directory descriptor.
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This right includes the
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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|
right.
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.Pp
|
|
Warning:
|
|
.Dv CAP_RENAMEAT_SOURCE
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|
makes it possible to move files to a directory for which file
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descriptors exist that have additional rights.
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For example,
|
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a file stored in a directory that does not allow
|
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.Dv CAP_READ
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may be moved to another directory that does allow
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.Dv CAP_READ ,
|
|
thereby granting read access to a file that is otherwise unreadable.
|
|
.It Dv CAP_RENAMEAT_TARGET
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr renameat 2
|
|
on the target directory descriptor.
|
|
This right includes the
|
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
|
|
right.
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SEEK
|
|
Permit operations that seek on the file descriptor, such as
|
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.Xr lseek 2 ,
|
|
but also required for I/O system calls that can read or write at any position
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|
in the file, such as
|
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.Xr pread 2
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr pwrite 2 .
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SEM_GETVALUE
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr sem_getvalue 3 .
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SEM_POST
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr sem_post 3 .
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SEM_WAIT
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr sem_wait 3
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr sem_trywait 3 .
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SEND
|
|
An alias to
|
|
.Dv CAP_WRITE .
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SETSOCKOPT
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr setsockopt 2 ;
|
|
this controls various aspects of socket behavior and may affect binding,
|
|
connecting, and other behaviors with global scope.
|
|
.It Dv CAP_SHUTDOWN
|
|
Permit explicit
|
|
.Xr shutdown 2 ;
|
|
closing the socket will also generally shut down any connections on it.
|
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.It Dv CAP_SYMLINKAT
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr symlinkat 2 .
|
|
This right includes the
|
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.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
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|
right.
|
|
.It Dv CAP_TTYHOOK
|
|
Allow configuration of TTY hooks, such as
|
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.Xr snp 4 ,
|
|
on the file descriptor.
|
|
.It Dv CAP_UNLINKAT
|
|
Permit
|
|
.Xr unlinkat 2
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr renameat 2 .
|
|
This right is only required for
|
|
.Xr renameat 2
|
|
on the destination directory descriptor if the destination object already
|
|
exists and will be removed by the rename.
|
|
This right includes the
|
|
.Dv CAP_LOOKUP
|
|
right.
|
|
.It Dv CAP_WRITE
|
|
Allow
|
|
.Xr aio_write 2 ,
|
|
.Xr openat 2
|
|
with
|
|
.Dv O_WRONLY
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv O_APPEND
|
|
flags set,
|
|
.Xr send 2 ,
|
|
.Xr sendmsg 2 ,
|
|
.Xr sendto 2 ,
|
|
.Xr write 2 ,
|
|
.Xr writev 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pwrite 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pwritev 2
|
|
and related system calls.
|
|
For
|
|
.Xr sendto 2
|
|
with a non-NULL connection address,
|
|
.Dv CAP_CONNECT
|
|
is also required.
|
|
For
|
|
.Xr openat 2
|
|
with the
|
|
.Dv O_WRONLY
|
|
flag, but without the
|
|
.Dv O_APPEND
|
|
flag,
|
|
.Dv CAP_SEEK
|
|
is also required.
|
|
For
|
|
.Xr aio_write 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pwrite 2
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr pwritev 2
|
|
.Dv CAP_SEEK
|
|
is also required.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr accept 2 ,
|
|
.Xr accept4 2 ,
|
|
.Xr aio_fsync 2 ,
|
|
.Xr aio_read 2 ,
|
|
.Xr aio_write 2 ,
|
|
.Xr bind 2 ,
|
|
.Xr bindat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr cap_enter 2 ,
|
|
.Xr cap_fcntls_limit 2 ,
|
|
.Xr cap_ioctls_limit 2 ,
|
|
.Xr cap_rights_limit 2 ,
|
|
.Xr chflagsat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr connect 2 ,
|
|
.Xr connectat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr extattr_delete_fd 2 ,
|
|
.Xr extattr_get_fd 2 ,
|
|
.Xr extattr_list_fd 2 ,
|
|
.Xr extattr_set_fd 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fchflags 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fchmod 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fchmodat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fchown 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fchownat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fcntl 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fexecve 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fhopen 2 ,
|
|
.Xr flock 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fpathconf 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fstat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fstatat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fstatfs 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fsync 2 ,
|
|
.Xr ftruncate 2 ,
|
|
.Xr futimes 2 ,
|
|
.Xr getpeername 2 ,
|
|
.Xr getsockname 2 ,
|
|
.Xr getsockopt 2 ,
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 ,
|
|
.Xr kevent 2 ,
|
|
.Xr kqueue 2 ,
|
|
.Xr linkat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr listen 2 ,
|
|
.Xr mmap 2 ,
|
|
.Xr mq_open 2 ,
|
|
.Xr open 2 ,
|
|
.Xr openat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pdfork 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pdgetpid 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pdkill 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pdwait4 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pipe 2 ,
|
|
.Xr poll 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pread 2 ,
|
|
.Xr preadv 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pwrite 2 ,
|
|
.Xr pwritev 2 ,
|
|
.Xr read 2 ,
|
|
.Xr readv 2 ,
|
|
.Xr recv 2 ,
|
|
.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
|
|
.Xr recvmsg 2 ,
|
|
.Xr renameat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr sctp_peeloff 2 ,
|
|
.Xr select 2 ,
|
|
.Xr send 2 ,
|
|
.Xr sendmsg 2 ,
|
|
.Xr sendto 2 ,
|
|
.Xr setsockopt 2 ,
|
|
.Xr shm_open 2 ,
|
|
.Xr shutdown 2 ,
|
|
.Xr socket 2 ,
|
|
.Xr socketpair 2 ,
|
|
.Xr symlinkat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr unlinkat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr write 2 ,
|
|
.Xr writev 2 ,
|
|
.Xr acl_delete_fd_np 3 ,
|
|
.Xr acl_get_fd 3 ,
|
|
.Xr acl_get_fd_np 3 ,
|
|
.Xr acl_set_fd 3 ,
|
|
.Xr acl_set_fd_np 3 ,
|
|
.Xr acl_valid_fd_np 3 ,
|
|
.Xr mac_get_fd 3 ,
|
|
.Xr mac_set_fd 3 ,
|
|
.Xr sem_getvalue 3 ,
|
|
.Xr sem_post 3 ,
|
|
.Xr sem_trywait 3 ,
|
|
.Xr sem_wait 3 ,
|
|
.Xr capsicum 4 ,
|
|
.Xr snp 4
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
Support for capabilities and capabilities mode was developed as part of the
|
|
.Tn TrustedBSD
|
|
Project.
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
This manual page was created by
|
|
.An Pawel Jakub Dawidek Aq Mt pawel@dawidek.net
|
|
under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation based on the
|
|
.Xr cap_new 2
|
|
manual page by
|
|
.An Robert Watson Aq Mt rwatson@FreeBSD.org .
|