694 lines
15 KiB
Groff
694 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" $KAME: setkey.8,v 1.89 2003/09/07 22:17:41 itojun Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 WIDE Project.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd November 20, 2000
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.Dt SETKEY 8
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.Os
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.\"
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm setkey
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.Nd "manually manipulate the IPsec SA/SP database"
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.\"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl v
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.Fl c
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.Nm
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.Op Fl v
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.Fl f Ar filename
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.Nm
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.Op Fl aPlv
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.Fl D
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Pv
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.Fl F
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.Nm
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.Op Fl h
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.Fl x
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.\"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
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Security Association Database (SAD) entries
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as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility takes a series of operations from the standard input
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(if invoked with
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.Fl c )
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or the file named
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.Ar filename
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(if invoked with
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.Fl f Ar filename ) .
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl D
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Dump the SAD entries.
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If with
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.Fl P ,
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the SPD entries are dumped.
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.It Fl F
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Flush the SAD entries.
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If with
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.Fl P ,
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the SPD entries are flushed.
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.It Fl a
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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usually does not display dead SAD entries with
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.Fl D .
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If with
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.Fl a ,
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the dead SAD entries will be displayed as well.
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A dead SAD entry means that
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it has been expired but remains in the system
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because it is referenced by some SPD entries.
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.It Fl h
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Add hexadecimal dump on
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.Fl x
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mode.
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.It Fl l
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Loop forever with short output on
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.Fl D .
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.It Fl v
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Be verbose.
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The program will dump messages exchanged on
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.Dv PF_KEY
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socket, including messages sent from other processes to the kernel.
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.It Fl x
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Loop forever and dump all the messages transmitted to
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.Dv PF_KEY
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socket.
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.Fl xx
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makes each timestamps unformatted.
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.El
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.Ss Configuration syntax
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With
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.Fl c
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or
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.Fl f
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on the command line,
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.Nm
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accepts the following configuration syntax.
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Lines starting with hash signs
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.Pq Ql #
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are treated as comment lines.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Xo
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.Li add
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Op Ar extensions
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.Ar algorithm ...
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Add an SAD entry.
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.Li add
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can fail with multiple reasons,
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including when the key length does not match the specified algorithm.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li get
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Show an SAD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li delete
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Remove an SAD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li deleteall
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Remove all SAD entries that match the specification.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li flush
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.Op Ar protocol
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Clear all SAD entries matched by the options.
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.Fl F
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li dump
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.Op Ar protocol
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Dumps all SAD entries matched by the options.
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.Fl D
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spdadd
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Ar policy
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Add an SPD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spddelete
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Fl P Ar direction
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Delete an SPD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spdflush
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Clear all SPD entries.
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.Fl FP
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spddump
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Dumps all SPD entries.
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.Fl DP
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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Meta-arguments are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -compact -width indent
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.It Ar src
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.It Ar dst
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Source/destination of the secure communication is specified as
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IPv4/v6 address.
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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can resolve a FQDN into numeric addresses.
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If the FQDN resolves into multiple addresses,
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.Nm
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will install multiple SAD/SPD entries into the kernel
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by trying all possible combinations.
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.Fl 4 ,
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.Fl 6
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and
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.Fl n
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restricts the address resolution of FQDN in certain ways.
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.Fl 4
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and
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.Fl 6
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restrict results into IPv4/v6 addresses only, respectively.
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.Fl n
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avoids FQDN resolution and requires addresses to be numeric addresses.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar protocol
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.Ar protocol
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is one of following:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li esp
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ESP based on rfc2406
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.It Li esp-old
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ESP based on rfc1827
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.It Li ah
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AH based on rfc2402
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.It Li ah-old
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AH based on rfc1826
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.It Li ipcomp
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IPComp
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.It Li tcp
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TCP-MD5 based on rfc2385
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar spi
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Security Parameter Index
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(SPI)
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for the SAD and the SPD.
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.Ar spi
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must be a decimal number, or a hexadecimal number with
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.Ql 0x
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prefix.
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SPI values between 0 and 255 are reserved for future use by IANA
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and they cannot be used.
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TCP-MD5 associations must use 0x1000 and therefore only have per-host
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granularity at this time.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar extensions
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take some of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.\"
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.It Fl m Ar mode
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Specify a security protocol mode for use.
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.Ar mode
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is one of following:
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.Li transport , tunnel
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or
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.Li any .
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The default value is
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.Li any .
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.\"
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.It Fl r Ar size
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Specify window size of bytes for replay prevention.
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.Ar size
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must be decimal number in 32-bit word.
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If
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.Ar size
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is zero or not specified, replay check does not take place.
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.\"
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.It Fl u Ar id
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Specify the identifier of the policy entry in SPD.
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See
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.Ar policy .
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.\"
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.It Fl f Ar pad_option
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defines the content of the ESP padding.
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.Ar pad_option
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is one of following:
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.Bl -tag -width random-pad -compact
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.It Li zero-pad
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All of the padding are zero.
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.It Li random-pad
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A series of randomized values are set.
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.It Li seq-pad
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A series of sequential increasing numbers started from 1 are set.
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.El
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.\"
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.It Fl f Li nocyclic-seq
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Do not allow cyclic sequence number.
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.\"
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.It Fl lh Ar time
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.It Fl ls Ar time
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Specify hard/soft life time duration of the SA.
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar algorithm
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
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Specify an encryption algorithm
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.Ar ealgo
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for ESP.
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.It Xo
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.Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
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.Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
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.Xc
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Specify a encryption algorithm
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.Ar ealgo ,
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as well as a payload authentication algorithm
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.Ar aalgo ,
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for ESP.
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.It Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
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Specify an authentication algorithm for AH.
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.It Fl C Ar calgo Op Fl R
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Specify a compression algorithm for IPComp.
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If
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.Fl R
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is specified,
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.Ar spi
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field value will be used as the IPComp CPI
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(compression parameter index)
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on wire as is.
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If
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.Fl R
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is not specified,
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the kernel will use well-known CPI on wire, and
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.Ar spi
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field will be used only as an index for kernel internal usage.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Ar key
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must be double-quoted character string, or a series of hexadecimal digits
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preceded by
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.Ql 0x .
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.Pp
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Possible values for
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.Ar ealgo ,
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.Ar aalgo
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and
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.Ar calgo
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are specified in separate section.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar src_range
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.It Ar dst_range
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These are selections of the secure communication specified as
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IPv4/v6 address or IPv4/v6 address range, and it may accompany
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TCP/UDP port specification.
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This takes the following form:
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ar address
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.Ar address/prefixlen
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.Ar address[port]
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.Ar address/prefixlen[port]
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ar prefixlen
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and
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.Ar port
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must be decimal number.
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The square bracket around
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.Ar port
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is really necessary.
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They are not manpage metacharacters.
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For FQDN resolution, the rules applicable to
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.Ar src
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and
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.Ar dst
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apply here as well.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar upperspec
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Upper-layer protocol to be used.
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You can use one of words in
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.Pa /etc/protocols
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as
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.Ar upperspec .
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Or
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.Li icmp6 ,
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.Li ip4 ,
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and
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.Li any
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can be specified.
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.Li any
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stands for
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.Dq any protocol .
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Also you can use the protocol number.
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You can specify a type and/or a code of ICMPv6 when
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upper-layer protocol is ICMPv6.
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The specification can be placed after
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.Li icmp6 .
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A type is separated with a code by single comma.
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A code must be specified anytime.
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When a zero is specified, the kernel deals with it as a wildcard.
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Note that the kernel cannot distinguish a wildcard from that a type
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of ICMPv6 is zero.
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For example, the following means the policy does not require IPsec
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for any inbound Neighbor Solicitation:
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.Pp
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.Dl "spdadd ::/0 ::/0 icmp6 135,0 -P in none;"
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.Pp
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NOTE:
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.Ar upperspec
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does not work against forwarding case at this moment,
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as it requires extra reassembly at forwarding node
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(not implemented at this moment).
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We have many protocols in
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.Pa /etc/protocols ,
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but protocols except of TCP, UDP and ICMP may not be suitable to use with IPsec.
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You have to consider and be careful to use them.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar policy
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.Ar policy
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is the one of the following three formats:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.It Fl P Ar direction Li discard
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.It Fl P Ar direction Li none
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.It Xo Fl P Ar direction Li ipsec
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.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level Op ...
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.Xc
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.Ed
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.Pp
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You must specify the direction of its policy as
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.Ar direction .
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Either
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.Li out
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or
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.Li in
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are used.
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.Li discard
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means the packet matching indexes will be discarded.
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.Li none
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means that IPsec operation will not take place onto the packet.
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.Li ipsec
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means that IPsec operation will take place onto the packet.
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The part of
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.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level
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specifies the rule how to process the packet.
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Either
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.Li ah ,
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.Li esp
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or
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.Li ipcomp
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is to be set as
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.Ar protocol .
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.Ar mode
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is either
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.Li transport
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or
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.Li tunnel .
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If
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.Ar mode
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is
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.Li tunnel ,
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you must specify the end-points addresses of the SA as
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.Ar src
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and
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.Ar dst
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with
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.Sq -
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between these addresses which is used to specify the SA to use.
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If
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.Ar mode
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is
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.Li transport ,
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both
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.Ar src
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and
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.Ar dst
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can be omitted.
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.Ar level
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is to be one of the following:
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.Li default , use , require
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or
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.Li unique .
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If the SA is not available in every level, the kernel will request
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getting SA to the key exchange daemon.
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.Li default
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means the kernel consults to the system wide default against protocol you
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specified, e.g.,
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.Li esp_trans_deflev
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sysctl variable, when the kernel processes the packet.
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.Li use
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means that the kernel use a SA if it is available,
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otherwise the kernel keeps normal operation.
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.Li require
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means SA is required whenever the kernel sends a packet matched
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with the policy.
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.Li unique
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is the same to require.
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In addition, it allows the policy to bind with the unique out-bound SA.
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You just specify the policy level
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.Li unique ,
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.Xr racoon 8
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will configure the SA for the policy.
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If you configure the SA by manual keying for that policy,
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you can put the decimal number as the policy identifier after
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.Li unique
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separated by colon
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.Ql :\&
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like the following;
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.Li unique:number .
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In order to bind this policy to the SA,
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.Li number
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must be between 1 and 32767.
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It corresponds to
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.Ar extensions Fl u
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of the manual SA configuration.
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When you want to use SA bundle, you can define multiple rules.
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For example, if an IP header was followed by AH header followed by ESP header
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followed by an upper layer protocol header, the rule
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would be:
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.Dl esp/transport//require ah/transport//require ;
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The rule order is very important.
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.Pp
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|
Note that
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.Dq Li discard
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and
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.Dq Li none
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are not in the syntax described in
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.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 .
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|
There are little differences in the syntax.
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|
See
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.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3
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for detail.
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.Pp
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.El
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.Pp
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.\"
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.Sh ALGORITHMS
|
|
The following list shows the supported algorithms.
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|
.Sy protocol
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|
and
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|
.Sy algorithm
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|
are almost orthogonal.
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|
Followings are the list of authentication algorithms that can be used as
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.Ar aalgo
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in
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.Fl A Ar aalgo
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of
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.Ar protocol
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|
parameter:
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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algorithm keylen (bits) comment
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|
hmac-md5 128 ah: rfc2403
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|
128 ah-old: rfc2085
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hmac-sha1 160 ah: rfc2404
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160 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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keyed-md5 128 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
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128 ah-old: rfc1828
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keyed-sha1 160 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
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160 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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null 0 to 2048 for debugging
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hmac-sha2-256 256 ah: 96bit ICV
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(draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00)
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256 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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hmac-sha2-384 384 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
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|
384 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
hmac-sha2-512 512 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
|
|
512 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
hmac-ripemd160 160 ah: 96bit ICV (RFC2857)
|
|
ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
aes-xcbc-mac 128 ah: 96bit ICV (RFC3566)
|
|
128 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
tcp-md5 8 to 640 tcp: rfc2385
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Followings are the list of encryption algorithms that can be used as
|
|
.Ar ealgo
|
|
in
|
|
.Fl E Ar ealgo
|
|
of
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
parameter:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
algorithm keylen (bits) comment
|
|
des-cbc 64 esp-old: rfc1829, esp: rfc2405
|
|
3des-cbc 192 rfc2451
|
|
null 0 to 2048 rfc2410
|
|
blowfish-cbc 40 to 448 rfc2451
|
|
cast128-cbc 40 to 128 rfc2451
|
|
des-deriv 64 ipsec-ciph-des-derived-01
|
|
3des-deriv 192 no document
|
|
rijndael-cbc 128/192/256 rfc3602
|
|
aes-ctr 160/224/288 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-aes-ctr-03
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that the first 128 bits of a key for
|
|
.Li aes-ctr
|
|
will be used as AES key, and remaining 32 bits will be used as nonce.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Followings are the list of compression algorithms that can be used as
|
|
.Ar calgo
|
|
in
|
|
.Fl C Ar calgo
|
|
of
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
parameter:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
algorithm comment
|
|
deflate rfc2394
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
|
.Ex -std
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset
|
|
add 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 esp 123457
|
|
-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff ;
|
|
|
|
add -6 myhost.example.com yourhost.example.com ah 123456
|
|
-A hmac-sha1 "AH SA configuration!" ;
|
|
|
|
add 10.0.11.41 10.0.11.33 esp 0x10001
|
|
-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff
|
|
-A hmac-md5 "authentication!!" ;
|
|
|
|
get 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456 ;
|
|
|
|
flush ;
|
|
|
|
dump esp ;
|
|
|
|
spdadd 10.0.11.41/32[21] 10.0.11.33/32[any] any
|
|
-P out ipsec esp/tunnel/192.168.0.1-192.168.1.2/require ;
|
|
|
|
add 10.1.10.34 10.1.10.36 tcp 0x1000 -A tcp-md5 "TCP-MD5 BGP secret" ;
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 ,
|
|
.Xr racoon 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "Changed manual key configuration for IPsec"
|
|
.%O "http://www.kame.net/newsletter/19991007/"
|
|
.%D "October 1999"
|
|
.Re
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
|
|
The utility was completely re-designed in June 1998.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility
|
|
should report and handle syntax errors better.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For IPsec gateway configuration,
|
|
.Ar src_range
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dst_range
|
|
with TCP/UDP port number do not work, as the gateway does not reassemble
|
|
packets
|
|
(cannot inspect upper-layer headers).
|