126 lines
3.9 KiB
Groff
126 lines
3.9 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)pipe.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 4, 1993
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.Dt PIPE 2
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pipe
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.Nd create descriptor pair for interprocess communication
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <unistd.h>
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.Ft int
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.Fn pipe "int *fildes"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn pipe
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function
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creates a
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.Em pipe ,
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which is an object allowing
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bidirectional data flow,
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and allocates a pair of file descriptors.
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.Pp
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By convention, the first descriptor is normally used as the
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.Em read end
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of the pipe,
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and the second is normally the
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.Em write end ,
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so that data written to
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.Fa fildes[1]
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appears on (i.e., can be read from)
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.Fa fildes[0] .
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This allows the output of one program to be
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sent
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to another program:
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the source's standard output is set up to be
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the write end of the pipe,
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and the sink's standard input is set up to be
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the read end of the pipe.
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The pipe itself persists until all its associated descriptors are
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closed.
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.Pp
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A pipe that has had an end closed is considered
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.Em widowed .
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Writing on such a pipe causes the writing process to receive
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a
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.Dv SIGPIPE
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signal.
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Widowing a pipe is the only way to deliver end-of-file to a reader:
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after the reader consumes any buffered data, reading a widowed pipe
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returns a zero count.
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.Pp
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The bidirectional nature of this implementation of pipes is not
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portable to older systems, so it is recommended to use the convention
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for using the endpoints in the traditional manner when using a
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pipe in one direction.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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On successful creation of the pipe, zero is returned.
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Otherwise,
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a value of -1 is returned and the variable
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.Va errno
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set to indicate the
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error.
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.Sh ERRORS
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The
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.Fn pipe
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call will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width [EMFILE]
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.It Bq Er EMFILE
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Too many descriptors are active.
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.It Bq Er ENFILE
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The system file table is full.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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The
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.Fa fildes
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buffer is in an invalid area of the process's address
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space.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr fork 2 ,
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.Xr read 2 ,
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.Xr socketpair 2 ,
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.Xr write 2
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Fn pipe
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function call appeared in
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.At v3 .
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.Pp
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Bidirectional pipes were first used on
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.At V.4 .
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