694 lines
14 KiB
Groff
694 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 5, 1993
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.Dt HIER 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm hier
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.Nd layout of filesystems
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
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.Bl -tag -width "/stand/"
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.It Li /
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root directory of the filesystem
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.It Li /bin/
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user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
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.It Li /boot/
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programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width defaults/ -compact
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.It Li defaults/
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default bootstrapping configuration files; see
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.Xr loader.conf 5
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.It Li kernel/
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pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
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at boot time).
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.It Li modules/
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third-part loadable kernel modules;
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see
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.Xr kldstat 8
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.El
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.It Li /dev/
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block and character device files
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact
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.It Li MAKEDEV
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script for creating device files;
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see
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.Xr MAKEDEV 8
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.It Li fd/
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file descriptor files;
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see
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.Xr \&fd 4
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.El
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.It Li /etc/
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system configuration files and scripts
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact
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.It Li defaults/
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default system configuration files;
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see
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.Xr rc 8
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.It Li gnats/
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gnats configuration files;
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see
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.Xr send-pr 1
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.It Li isdn/
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isdn4bsd configuration files;
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see
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.Xr isdnd 8
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.It Li kerberosIV/
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configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
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see
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.Xr kerberos 1
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.It Li localtime
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local timezone information;
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see
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.Xr ctime 3
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.It Li mail/
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spam-filtering information
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.It Li mtree/
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mtree configuration files;
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see
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.Xr mtree 8
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.It Li namedb/
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named configuration files;
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see
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.Xr named 8
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.It Li periodic/
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scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
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.Xr cron 8 ;
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see
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.Xr periodic 8
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.It Li ppp/
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.Xr ppp 8
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ppp configuration files;
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see
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.Xr ppp 8
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.It Li ssl/
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OpenSSL configuration files
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.It Li uucp/
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uucp configuration files;
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see
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.Xr uucp 1
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.El
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.It Li /mnt/
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empty directory commonly used by
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system administrators as a temporary mount point
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.It Li /proc/
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process file system;
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see
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.Xr procfs 5 ,
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.Xr mount_procfs 8
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.It Li /root/
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root's HOME directory
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.It Li /sbin/
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system programs and administration utilities
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fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
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.It Li /stand/
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programs used in a standalone environment
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.It Li /tmp/
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temporary files, usually a
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.Xr mfs 8
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memory-based filesystem (the contents
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of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
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.It Li /usr/
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contains the majority of user utilities and applications
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
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.It Li bin/
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common utilities, programming tools, and applications
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.It Li games/
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useful and semi-frivolous programs
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.It Li include/
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standard C include files
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.It Li arpa/
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C include files for Internet service protocols
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.It Li cam/
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C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
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.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.It scsi/
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The SCSI device on top of CAM
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.El
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.It Li dev/
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.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.It usb/
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The USB subsystem
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.El
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.It Li g++/
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GNU C++ include files
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.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.It Li std/
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GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
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.El
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.It Li isofs/
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.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.It Li cd9660/
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iso9660 filesystem
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.El
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.It Li kerberosIV/
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C include files for kerberos authentication package;
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see
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.Xr kerberos 1
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.It Li machine/
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machine specific C include files
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.It Li msdosfs/
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MS-DOS file system
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.It Li net/
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misc network C include files
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.It Li netatalk/
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Appletalk protocol
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.It Li netatm/
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ATM include files;
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see
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.Xr atm 8
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.It Li netinet/
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C include files for Internet standard protocols;
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see
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.Xr inet 4
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.It Li netinet6/
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C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
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see
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.Xr inet6 4
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.It Li netipx/
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IPX/SPX protocol stacks
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.It Li netkey/
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kernel key-management service
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.It Li netns/
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Xerox NS protocols
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.It Li nfs/
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C include files for NFS (Network File System)
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.It Li objc/
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Objective C include files
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.It Li openssl/
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OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
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.It Li pccard/
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PC-CARD controllers
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.It Li posix4/
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POSIX real-time extensions includes;
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see
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.Xr p1003_1b 9
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.It Li protocols/
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C include files for Berkeley service protocols
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.It Li readline/
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get a line from a user with editing;
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see
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.Xr readline 3
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.It Li rpc/
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remote procedure calls;
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see
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.Xr rpc 3
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.It Li rpcsvc/
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defintion of RPC service structures; see
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.Xr rpc 3 .
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.It Li security/
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PAM; see
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.Xr pam 8
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.It Li ss/
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MIT SIPB
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.Sq subsystem
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library, part of Kerberos IV.
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.It Li sys/
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system C include files (kernel data structures)
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.\" .It Li tcl/
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.\" Tcl language;
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.\" see
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.\" .Xr Tcl n
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.\" .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.\" .It Li generic/
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.\" ???
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.\" .It Li unix/
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.\" ???
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.\" .El
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.It Li ufs/
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C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
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.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
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.It Li ffs/
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Fast filesystem
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.It Li mfs/
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memory file system;
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see
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.Xr mount_mfs 8
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.It Li ufs/
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UFS filesystem
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.El
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.It Li vm/
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virtual memory;
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see
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.Xr vmstat 8
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Li lib/
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archive libraries
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li aout/
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a.out archive libraries
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.It Li compat/
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shared libraries for compatibility
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li aout/
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a.out backward compatibility libraries
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Li libdata/
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misc. utility data files
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li gcc/
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???
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.It Li lint/
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various prebuilt lint libraries;
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see
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.Xr lint 1
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.It Li msdosfs/
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Chatacter set conversion tables
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.It Li perl/
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li 5.00503/
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contains Perl modules for Perl version 5.00503;
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see
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.Xr perl 1
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.El
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.It Li stallion/
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holding the download firmware images
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.It Li tcl
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???;
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see
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.Xr Tcl n
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Li libexec/
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system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li aout/
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utilities to manipulate a.out executables.
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.It Li elf/
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utilities to manipulate ELF executables.
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.It Li lpr/
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utilities and filters for LP print system;
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see
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.Xr lpr 1
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.It Li sm.bin/
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|
restricted shell for sendmail;
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see
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.Xr smrsh 8
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|
.It Li uucp/
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|
uucp utilities;
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see
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.Xr uucp 1
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Li local/
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local executables, libraries, etc.
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.br
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Also used as the default destination for the
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.Tn FreeBSD
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ports framework.
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Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
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.Xr hier 7
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for /usr
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should be used. Exceptions are the man directory is directly under local/
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rather than under local/share/. Ports documentation is in share/doc/<port>/
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.It Li obj/
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architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
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.It Li ports
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The
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.Tn FreeBSD
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ports collection (optional).
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.It Li sbin/
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system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
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.It Li share/
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architecture-independent files
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
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.It Li calendar/
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a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
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see
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.Xr calendar 1
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.It Li dict/
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|
word lists;
|
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see
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|
.Xr look 1
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li words
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common words
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.It Li web2
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words from Webster's 2nd International
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.It Li papers/
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reference databases;
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see
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.Xr refer 1
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.It Li special/
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custom word lists;
|
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see
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.Xr spell 1
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Li doc/
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misc documentation;
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src for most of the printed
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.Bx
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manuals (available
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from the
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.Tn USENIX
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association)
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li FAQ/
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|
Frequently Asked Questions
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.It Li handbook/
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.Tn FreeBSD
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Handbook
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.It Li papers/
|
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UNIX Papers
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.It Li psd/
|
|
UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
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.It Li smm/
|
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UNIX System Manager's Manual
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.It Li usd/
|
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UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
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.El
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.Pp
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|
.It Li examples/
|
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various examples for users and programmers
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.It Li games/
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ASCII text files used by various games
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.It Li groff_font/
|
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device description file for device name
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.It Li info/
|
|
GNU Info hypertext system
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|
.It Li isdn/
|
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ISDN
|
|
.It Li libg++/
|
|
libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
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.It Li locale/
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internationalization files;
|
|
see
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.Xr setlocale 3
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.It Li man/
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manual pages
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.It Li me/
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|
macros for use with the me macro package
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.It Li misc/
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misc system-wide ASCII text files
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li fonts/
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???
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.It Li pcvtfonts/
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|
pcvt fonts;
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|
see
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.Xr pcvt 4
|
|
.It Li termcap
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|
terminal characteristics database;
|
|
see
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.Xr termcap 5
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.El
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.It Li mk/
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|
templates for make;
|
|
see
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.Xr make 1
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|
.It Li nls/
|
|
national language support files;
|
|
see
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|
.Xr mklocale 1
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|
.It Li pcvt/
|
|
pcvt documentation and etc examples;
|
|
see
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.Xr pcvt 4
|
|
.It Li perl/
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|
perl library files;
|
|
see
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.Xr perl 1
|
|
.It Li skel/
|
|
example . (dot) files for new accounts
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|
.It Li syscons/
|
|
console staff;
|
|
see
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.Xr syscons 4
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|
.Bl -tag -width "scrnmaps/xx" -compact
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.It Li fonts/
|
|
console fonts;
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|
see
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.Xr vidcontrol 1
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and
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.Xr vidfont 1
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.It Li keymaps/
|
|
console keyboard maps;
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|
see
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|
.Xr kbdcontrol 1
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and
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|
.Xr kbdmap 1
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|
.It Li scrnmaps/
|
|
console screen maps
|
|
.El
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|
.It Li tabset/
|
|
tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
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the termcap file;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr termcap 5
|
|
.It Li tmac/
|
|
text processing macros;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr nroff 1
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr troff 1
|
|
.It Li vi/
|
|
localization support and utilities for
|
|
.Xr vi 1 .
|
|
.It Li zoneinfo/
|
|
timezone configuration information;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr tzfile 5
|
|
.El
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|
.It Li src/
|
|
BSD and/or local source files
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|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
|
|
.It Li bin/
|
|
src for files in /bin
|
|
.It Li contrib/
|
|
src for file from contributed software
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|
.It Li crypto
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DES
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.It Li etc/
|
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src for files in /etc
|
|
.It Li games/
|
|
src for files in /usr/games
|
|
.It Li gnu/
|
|
Utilities covered by the GNU Public License
|
|
.It Li include/
|
|
src for files in /usr/include
|
|
.It Li kerberosIV/
|
|
src for kerberos version IV
|
|
.It Li lib/
|
|
src for files in /usr/lib
|
|
.It Li libexec/
|
|
src for files in /usr/libexec
|
|
.It Li release/
|
|
files required to produce a
|
|
.Tn FreeBSD
|
|
release
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|
.It Li sbin/
|
|
src for files in /sbin
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|
.It Li secure
|
|
FreeSec sources
|
|
.It Li share/
|
|
src for files in /usr/share
|
|
.It Li sys/
|
|
kernel src files
|
|
.It Li tools/
|
|
tools used for maintenance and testing of FreeBSD
|
|
.It Li usr.bin/
|
|
src for files in /usr/bin
|
|
.It Li usr.sbin/
|
|
src for files in /usr/sbin
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li X11R6/
|
|
X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
|
|
.It Li bin/
|
|
X11R6 binaries (servers, utilities, local packages/ports).
|
|
.It Li etc/
|
|
X11R6 configuration files and scripts.
|
|
.It Li include/
|
|
X11R6 include files.
|
|
.It Li lib/
|
|
X11R6 libraries.
|
|
.It Li man/
|
|
X11R6 manual pages.
|
|
.It Li share/
|
|
architecture independant files.
|
|
.El
|
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.El
|
|
.It Li /var/
|
|
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
|
.It Li account/
|
|
system accounting files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li acct
|
|
execution accounting file;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr acct 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li at/
|
|
timed command scheduling files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr \&at 1
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
|
.It Li jobs/
|
|
directory containing job files
|
|
.It Li spool/
|
|
directory containing output spool files
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|
.El
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|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li backups/
|
|
misc. backup files
|
|
.It Li crash/
|
|
default drectory to store kernel crash dumps; see
|
|
.Xr crash 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr savecore 8 .
|
|
.It Li cron/
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
|
.It Li log
|
|
cron log files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr cron 8
|
|
.It Li tabs/
|
|
crontab files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr crontab 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li db/
|
|
misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
|
|
.It Li games/
|
|
misc. game status and score files
|
|
.It Li log/
|
|
misc. system log files
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li wtmp
|
|
login/logout log;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr wtmp 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li mail/
|
|
user mailbox files
|
|
.It Li preserve/
|
|
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
|
|
of an editor;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr \&ex 1
|
|
.It Li msgs/
|
|
system messages database;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr msgs 1
|
|
.It Li quotas/
|
|
filesystem quota information files
|
|
.It Li run/
|
|
system information files describing various info about
|
|
system since it was booted
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li utmp
|
|
database of current users;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr utmp 5
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li rwho/
|
|
rwho data files;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr rwhod 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rwho 1 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ruptime 1
|
|
.It Li spool/
|
|
misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li ftp/
|
|
commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
|
|
.It Li mqueue/
|
|
undelivered mail queue;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr sendmail 8
|
|
.It Li output/
|
|
line printer spooling directories
|
|
.It Li secretmail/
|
|
secretmail spool directory;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr xget 1
|
|
.It Li uucp/
|
|
uucp spool directory
|
|
.It Li uucppublic/
|
|
commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Li tmp/
|
|
temporary files that are kept between system reboots
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Li vi.recover/
|
|
the directory where recovery files are stored
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Li yp
|
|
the NIS maps
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr apropos 1 ,
|
|
.Xr find 1 ,
|
|
.Xr finger 1 ,
|
|
.Xr grep 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ls 1 ,
|
|
.Xr whatis 1 ,
|
|
.Xr whereis 1 ,
|
|
.Xr which 1 ,
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
A
|
|
.Nm hier
|
|
manual page appeared in
|
|
.At v7 .
|