462 lines
9.3 KiB
Groff
462 lines
9.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $Id: man.1,v 1.13 2015/02/16 16:23:54 schwarze Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)man.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate: February 16 2015 $
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.Dt MAN 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm man
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.Nd display manual pages
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm man
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.Op Fl acfhklw
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.Op Fl C Ar file
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.Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
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.Op Fl K Ar encoding
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.Op Fl M Ar path
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.Op Fl m Ar path
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.Op Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value
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.Op Fl S Ar subsection
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.Op Fl s Ar section
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.Op Fl T Ar output
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.Op Fl W Ar level
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.Op Ar section
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.Ar name ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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displays the
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manual pages entitled
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.Ar name .
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Pages may be selected according to
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a specific category
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.Pq Ar section
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or
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machine architecture
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.Pq Ar subsection .
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl a
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Display all of the manual pages for a specified
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.Ar section
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and
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.Ar name
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combination.
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Normally, only the first manual page found is displayed.
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.It Fl C Ar file
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Use the specified
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.Ar file
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instead of the default configuration file.
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This permits users to configure their own manual environment.
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See
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.Xr man.conf 5
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for a description of the contents of this file.
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.It Fl c
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Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using
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.Xr more 1
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to paginate it.
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This is done by default if the standard output is not a terminal device.
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.It Fl f
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A synonym for
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.Xr whatis 1 .
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It searches for
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.Ar name
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in manual page names and displays the header lines from all matching pages.
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The search is case insensitive and matches whole words only.
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This overrides any earlier
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.Fl k
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and
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.Fl l
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options.
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.It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
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Override the default operating system
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.Ar name
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for the
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.Xr mdoc 7
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.Ic \&Os
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and for the
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.Xr man 7
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.Ic \&TH
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macro.
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.It Fl h
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Display only the SYNOPSIS lines of the requested manual pages.
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Implies
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.Fl a
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and
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.Fl c .
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.It Fl K Ar encoding
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Specify the input encoding.
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The supported
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.Ar encoding
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arguments are
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.Cm us-ascii ,
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.Cm iso-8859-1 ,
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and
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.Cm utf-8 .
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By default, the encoding is automatically detected as described in the
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.Xr mandoc 1
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manual.
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.It Fl k
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A synonym for
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.Xr apropos 1 .
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Instead of
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.Ar name ,
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an expression can be provided using the syntax described in the
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.Xr apropos 1
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manual.
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By default, it displays the header lines of all matching pages.
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This overrides any earlier
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.Fl f
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and
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.Fl l
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options.
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.It Fl l
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A synonym for
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.Xr mandoc 1
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.Fl a .
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The
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.Ar name
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arguments are interpreted as filenames.
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No search is done and
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.Ar file ,
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.Ar path ,
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.Ar section ,
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and
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.Ar subsection
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are ignored.
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This overrides any earlier
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.Fl f ,
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.Fl k ,
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and
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.Fl w
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options.
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.It Fl M Ar path
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Override the list of standard directories which
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.Nm
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searches for manual pages.
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The supplied
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.Ar path
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must be a colon
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.Pq Ql \&:
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separated list of directories.
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This search path may also be set using the environment variable
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.Ev MANPATH .
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The subdirectories to be searched, and their search order,
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are specified by the
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.Dq _subdir
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line in the
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.Nm
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configuration file.
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.It Fl m Ar path
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Augment the list of standard directories which
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.Nm
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searches for manual pages.
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The supplied
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.Ar path
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must be a colon
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.Pq Ql \&:
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separated list of directories.
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These directories will be searched before the standard directories or
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the directories specified using the
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.Fl M
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option or the
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.Ev MANPATH
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environment variable.
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The subdirectories to be searched, and their search order,
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are specified by the
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.Dq _subdir
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line in the
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.Nm
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configuration file.
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.It Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value
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Comma-separated output options.
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For each output format, the available options are described in the
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.Xr mandoc 1
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manual.
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.It Fl S Ar subsection
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Restricts the directories that
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.Nm
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will search to those of a specific
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.Xr machine 1
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architecture.
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.Ar subsection
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is case insensitive.
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.Pp
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By default manual pages for all architectures are installed.
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Therefore this option can be used to view pages for one
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architecture whilst using another.
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.Pp
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This option overrides the
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.Ev MACHINE
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environment variable.
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.It Xo
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.Op Fl s
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.Ar section
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.Xc
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Restricts the directories that
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.Nm
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will search to a specific section.
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The currently available sections are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "localXXX" -offset indent -compact
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.It 1
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General commands
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.Pq tools and utilities .
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.It 2
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System calls and error numbers.
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.It 3
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Libraries.
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.It 3f
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Fortran programmer's reference guide.
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.It 3p
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.Xr perl 1
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programmer's reference guide.
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.It 4
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Device drivers.
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.It 5
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File formats.
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.It 6
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Games.
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.It 7
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Miscellaneous.
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.It 8
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System maintenance and operation commands.
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.It 9
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Kernel internals.
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.It X11
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An alias for X11R6.
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.It X11R6
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X Window System.
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.It local
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Pages located in
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.Pa /usr/local .
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.It n
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Tcl/Tk commands.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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configuration file,
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.Xr man.conf 5 ,
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specifies the possible
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.Ar section
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values, and their search order.
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Additional sections may be specified.
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.It Fl T Ar output
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Select the output format.
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The default is
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.Cm locale .
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The other output modes
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.Cm ascii ,
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.Cm html ,
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.Cm lint ,
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.Cm man ,
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.Cm pdf ,
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.Cm ps ,
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.Cm tree ,
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and
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.Cm utf8
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are described in the
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.Xr mandoc 1
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manual.
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.It Fl W Ar level
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Specify the minimum message
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.Ar level
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to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.
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The
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.Ar level
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can be
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.Cm warning ,
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.Cm error ,
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or
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.Cm unsupp ;
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.Cm all
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is an alias for
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.Cm warning .
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By default,
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.Nm
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is silent.
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See the
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.Xr mandoc 1
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manual for details.
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.It Fl w
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List the pathnames of the manual pages which
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.Nm
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would display for the specified
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.Ar section
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and
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.Ar name
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combination.
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.El
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.Pp
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Guidelines for writing
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man pages can be found in
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.Xr mdoc 7 .
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.Pp
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If both a formatted and an unformatted version of the same manual page,
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for example
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.Pa cat1/foo.0
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and
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.Pa man1/foo.1 ,
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exist in the same directory, and at least one of them is selected,
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only the newer one is used.
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However, if both the
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.Fl a
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and the
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.Fl w
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options are specified, both file names are printed.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width MANPATHX
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.It Ev MACHINE
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As some manual pages are intended only for specific architectures,
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.Nm
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searches any subdirectories,
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with the same name as the current architecture,
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in every directory which it searches.
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Machine specific areas are checked before general areas.
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The current machine type may be overridden by setting the environment
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variable
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.Ev MACHINE
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to the name of a specific architecture,
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or with the
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.Fl S
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option.
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.Ev MACHINE
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is case insensitive.
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.It Ev MANPAGER
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Any non-empty value of the environment variable
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.Ev MANPAGER
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will be used instead of the standard pagination program,
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.Xr more 1 .
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.It Ev MANPATH
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The standard search path used by
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.Nm
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may be overridden by specifying a path in the
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.Ev MANPATH
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environment
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variable.
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The format of the path is a colon
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.Pq Ql \&:
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separated list of directories.
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The subdirectories to be searched, as well as their search order,
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are specified by the
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.Dq _subdir
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line in the
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.Nm
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configuration file.
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.It Ev PAGER
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Specifies the pagination program to use when
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.Ev MANPAGER
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is not defined.
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If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,
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.Pa /usr/bin/more Fl s
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will be used.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/man.conf -compact
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.It Pa /etc/man.conf
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default man configuration file
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std man
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr apropos 1 ,
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.Xr intro 1 ,
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.Xr whatis 1 ,
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.Xr whereis 1 ,
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.Xr intro 2 ,
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.Xr intro 3 ,
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr intro 5 ,
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.Xr man.conf 5 ,
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.Xr intro 6 ,
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.Xr intro 7 ,
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.Xr mdoc 7 ,
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.Xr intro 8 ,
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.Xr intro 9
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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utility is compliant with the
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.St -p1003.1-2008
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specification.
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.Pp
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The flags
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.Op Fl aCcfhIKlMmOSsTWw ,
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as well as the environment variables
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.Ev MACHINE ,
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.Ev MANPAGER ,
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and
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.Ev MANPATH ,
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are extensions to that specification.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command first appeared in
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.At v3 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl w
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option first appeared in
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.At v7 ;
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.Fl f
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and
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.Fl k
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in
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.Bx 4 ;
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.Fl M
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in
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.Bx 4.3 ;
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.Fl a
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in
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.Bx 4.3 Tahoe ;
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.Fl c
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and
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.Fl m
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in
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.Bx 4.3 Reno ;
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.Fl h
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in
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.Bx 4.3 Net/2 ;
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.Fl C
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in
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.Nx 1.0 ;
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and
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.Fl s
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and
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.Fl S
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in
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.Ox 2.3 .
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