213 lines
5.4 KiB
Groff
213 lines
5.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd May 2, 2001
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.Dt LAST 1
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm last
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.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Ns Ar n
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.Oo
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.Fl d
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.Sm off
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.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
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.Op Ar MM DD
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.Ar hh mm
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.Op Ar .SS
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.Sm on
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.Oc
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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.Op Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl t Ar tty
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.Op Fl w
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.Op user ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Last
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will either list the sessions of specified
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.Ar users ,
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.Ar ttys ,
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and
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.Ar hosts ,
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in reverse time order,
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or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
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Each line of output contains
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the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
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hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
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of the session.
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If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
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a crash or shutdown,
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.Nm
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will so indicate.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent-two
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.It Fl Ar n
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Limits the report to
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.Ar n
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lines.
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.It Fl d Ar date
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Specify the snapshot date and time.
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All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
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be reported.
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This may be used with the
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.Fl f
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option to derive the results from stored wtmp files.
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When this argument is provided, all other options except for
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.Fl f
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and
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.Fl Ar n
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are ignored.
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The argument should be in the form
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.Sm off
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.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
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.Op Ar MM DD
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.Ar hh mm
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.Op Ar .SS
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.Sm on
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where each pair of letters represents the following:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
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.It Ar CC
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The first two digits of the year (the century).
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.It Ar YY
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The second two digits of the year.
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If
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.Ar YY
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is specified, but
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.Ar CC
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is not, a value for
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.Ar YY
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between 69 and 99 results in a
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.Ar CC
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value of 19.
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Otherwise, a
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.Ar CC
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value of 20 is used.
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.It Ar MM
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Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
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.It Ar DD
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Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
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.It Ar hh
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Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
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.It Ar mm
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Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
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.It Ar SS
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Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
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.El
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ar CC
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and
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.Ar YY
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letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
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year.
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If the
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.Ar SS
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letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
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.It Fl f Ar file
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.Nm Last
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reads the file
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.Ar file
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instead of the default,
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.Pa /var/log/wtmp .
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.It Fl h Ar host
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.Ar Host
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names may be names or internet numbers.
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.It Fl s
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Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
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default days, hours and minutes.
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.It Fl t Ar tty
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Specify the
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.Ar tty .
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Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
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.Dq Li "last -t 03"
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is
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equivalent to
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.Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
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.It Fl w
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Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
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default days, hours and minutes.
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.El
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.Pp
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If multiple arguments are given,
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and a snapshot time is not specified,
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the information which applies to any of the
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arguments is printed, e.g.,
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.Dq Li "last root -t console"
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would list all of
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.Dq Li root Ns 's
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sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
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If no
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users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
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.Nm
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prints a record of
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all logins and logouts.
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.Pp
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The pseudo-user
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.Ar reboot
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logs in at reboots of the system, thus
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.Dq Li last reboot
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will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
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.Pp
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If
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.Nm
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is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
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progressed.
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If interrupted with a quit signal
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.Nm
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indicates how
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far the search has progressed and then continues.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
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.It Pa /var/log/wtmp
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login data base
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr lastcomm 1 ,
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.Xr utmp 5 ,
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.Xr ac 8
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.Sh BUGS
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If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
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that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file.
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In this case,
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.Nm
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will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".
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.Sh HISTORY
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.Nm Last
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appeared in
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.Bx 3.0 .
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