144 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
144 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $Id: eight-bit.me,v 3.1 1991/09/12 09:25:57 christos Exp $
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How to use 8 bit characters
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by
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Johan Widen
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(jw@sics.se)
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and
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Per Hedeland
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(per@erix.ericsson.se)
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.pp
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(Disclaimer: This is really a sketch of an approach rather
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than a "how-to" document.
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Also, it is mostly relevant to Swedish X Window users...)
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.pp
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The way I use this facility at present is to add lines such as the following
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to my .cshrc:
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.nf
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setenv NOREBIND
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setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1
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foreach key ( \\\\304 \\\\305 \\\\326 \\\\344 \\\\345 \\\\366 )
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bindkey $key self-insert-command
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end
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.fi
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.pp
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Note that if I used a system with a reasonably complete NLS
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(and a tcsh compiled to use it),
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all of the above could be replaced with simply setting the LANG environment
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variable to an appropriate value - the NLS would then indicate exactly which
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characters should be considered printable, and tcsh would do the rebinding
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of these automatically. The above works for tcsh's simulated NLS and for
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the NLS in SunOS 4.1 - without the NOREBIND setting, all of the
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Meta-<non-control-character> bindings would be undone in these cases.
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.pp
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These keybindings are the codes for my national characters, but the bindings
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(M-d, M-e etc) are not conveniently placed.
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They are however consistent with what other programs will see.
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.pp
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Now: I actually want the character \\304 to be inserted when I press say '{'
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together with a modifier key. I want the behavior to be the same not only
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in tcsh but in say cat, an editor and all other programs. I fix this by
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performing a keyboard remapping with the
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.i xmodmap
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program (I use X Windows).
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.pp
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I give xmodmap an input something like the following:
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.nf
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keycode 26 = Mode_switch
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add mod2 = Mode_switch
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! if you want Mode_switch to toggle, at the expense of losing
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! Caps- or whatever Lock you currently have, add the two lines below
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! clear Lock
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! add Lock = Mode_switch
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! Binds swedish characters on ][\\
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!
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keycode 71 = bracketleft braceleft adiaeresis Adiaeresis
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keycode 72 = bracketright braceright aring Aring
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keycode 95 = backslash bar odiaeresis Odiaeresis
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.fi
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or:
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.nf
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keysym Alt_R = Mode_switch
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add mod2 = Mode_switch
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keysym bracketleft = bracketleft braceleft Adiaeresis adiaeresis
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keysym bracketright = bracketright braceright Aring aring
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keysym backslash = backslash bar Odiaeresis odiaeresis
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.fi
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Another, more portable way of doing the same thing is:
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.nf
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#!/bin/sh
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# Make Alt-] etc produce the "appropriate" Swedish iso8859/1 keysym values
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# Should handle fairly strange initial mappings
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xmodmap -pk | sed -e 's/[()]//g' | \\
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awk 'BEGIN {
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alt["bracketright"] = "Aring"; alt["braceright"] = "aring";
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alt["bracketleft"] = "Adiaeresis"; alt["braceleft"] = "adiaeresis";
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alt["backslash"] = "Odiaeresis"; alt["bar"] = "odiaeresis";
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}
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NF >= 5 && (alt[$3] != "" || alt[$5] != "") {
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printf "keycode %s = %s %s ", $1, $3, $5;
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if (alt[$3] != "") printf "%s ", alt[$3];
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else printf "%s ", $3;
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printf "%s\\n", alt[$5];
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next;
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}
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alt[$3] != "" {
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printf "keycode %s = %s %s %s\\n", $1, $3, $3, alt[$3];
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}
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NF >= 5 && ($3 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/ || $5 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/) {
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printf "keycode %s = %s %s Mode_switch\\n", $1, $3, $5;
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if ($3 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/) altkeys = altkeys " " $3;
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else altkeys = altkeys " " $5;
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next;
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}
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$3 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/ {
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printf "keycode %s = %s %s Mode_switch\\n", $1, $3, $3;
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altkeys = altkeys " " $3;
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}
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END {
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if (altkeys != "") printf "clear mod2\\nadd mod2 =%s\\n", altkeys;
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}' | xmodmap -
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.fi
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.pp
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Finally, with the binding of the codes of my national characters to
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self-insert-command, I lost the ability to use the Meta key to call the
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functions previously bound to M-d, M-e, and M-v (<esc>d etc still works).
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However, with the assumption that
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most of my input to tcsh will be through the
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.i xterm
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terminal emulator, I can get that ability back via xterm bindings!
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Since M-d is the only one of the "lost" key combinations that was
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actually bound to a function in my case,
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and it had the same binding as M-D, I can use the following in
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my .Xdefaults file:
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.nf
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XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \\n\\
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Meta ~Ctrl<Key>d: string(0x1b) string(d)
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.fi
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- or, if I really want a complete mapping:
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.nf
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XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \\n\\
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:Meta ~Ctrl<Key>d: string(0x1b) string(d) \\n\\
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:Meta ~Ctrl<Key>D: string(0x1b) string(D) \\n\\
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:Meta ~Ctrl<Key>e: string(0x1b) string(e) \\n\\
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:Meta ~Ctrl<Key>E: string(0x1b) string(E) \\n\\
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:Meta ~Ctrl<Key>v: string(0x1b) string(v) \\n\\
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:Meta ~Ctrl<Key>V: string(0x1b) string(V)
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.fi
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