322 lines
7.8 KiB
Groff
322 lines
7.8 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)cp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd March 15, 2013
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.Dt CP 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm cp
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.Nd copy files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Oo
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.Fl R
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.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
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.Oc
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.Op Fl f | i | n
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.Op Fl alpvx
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.Ar source_file target_file
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.Nm
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.Oo
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.Fl R
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.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
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.Oc
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.Op Fl f | i | n
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.Op Fl alpvx
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.Ar source_file ... target_directory
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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In the first synopsis form, the
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.Nm
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utility copies the contents of the
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.Ar source_file
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to the
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.Ar target_file .
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In the second synopsis form,
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the contents of each named
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.Ar source_file
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is copied to the destination
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.Ar target_directory .
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The names of the files themselves are not changed.
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If
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.Nm
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detects an attempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl H
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
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(Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
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.It Fl L
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
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.It Fl P
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If the
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.Fl R
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option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
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This is the default.
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.It Fl R
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If
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.Ar source_file
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designates a directory,
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.Nm
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copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point.
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If the
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.Ar source_file
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ends in a
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.Pa / ,
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the contents of the directory are copied rather than the
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directory itself.
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This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
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indirected through, and for
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.Nm
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to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
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Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source
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directory, unmodified by the process' umask.
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.Pp
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Note that
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.Nm
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copies hard linked files as separate files.
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If you need to preserve hard links, consider using
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.Xr tar 1 ,
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.Xr cpio 1 ,
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or
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.Xr pax 1
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instead.
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.It Fl a
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Archive mode.
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Same as
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.Fl RpP .
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.It Fl f
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For each existing destination pathname, remove it and
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create a new file, without prompting for confirmation
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regardless of its permissions.
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(The
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.Fl f
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl i
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or
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.Fl n
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options.)
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.It Fl i
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Cause
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.Nm
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to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
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that would overwrite an existing file.
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If the response from the standard input begins with the character
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.Sq Li y
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or
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.Sq Li Y ,
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the file copy is attempted.
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(The
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.Fl i
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl f
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or
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.Fl n
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options.)
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.It Fl l
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Create hard links to regular files in a hierarchy instead of copying.
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.It Fl n
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Do not overwrite an existing file.
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(The
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.Fl n
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl f
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or
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.Fl i
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options.)
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.It Fl p
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Cause
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.Nm
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to preserve the following attributes of each source
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file in the copy: modification time, access time,
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file flags, file mode, ACL, user ID, and group ID, as allowed by permissions.
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.Pp
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If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message
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is displayed and the exit value is not altered.
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.Pp
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If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on and the user ID cannot
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be preserved, the set-user-ID bit is not preserved
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in the copy's permissions.
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If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on and the group ID cannot
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be preserved, the set-group-ID bit is not preserved
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in the copy's permissions.
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If the source file has both its set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits on,
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and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither
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the set-user-ID nor set-group-ID bits are preserved in the copy's
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permissions.
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.It Fl v
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Cause
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.Nm
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to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.
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.It Fl x
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File system mount points are not traversed.
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.El
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.Pp
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For each destination file that already exists, its contents are
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overwritten if permissions allow.
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Its mode, user ID, and group
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ID are unchanged unless the
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.Fl p
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option was specified.
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.Pp
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In the second synopsis form,
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.Ar target_directory
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must exist unless there is only one named
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.Ar source_file
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which is a directory and the
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.Fl R
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flag is specified.
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.Pp
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If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is
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used as modified by the file mode creation mask
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.Pf ( Ic umask ,
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see
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.Xr csh 1 ) .
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If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on, that bit is removed
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unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the
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same user.
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If the source file has its set-group-ID bit on, that bit is removed
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unless both the source file and the destination file are in the same
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group and the user is a member of that group.
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If both the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are set, all of the above
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conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
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.Pp
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Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
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.Pp
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Symbolic links are always followed unless the
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.Fl R
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flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default.
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The
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.Fl H
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or
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.Fl L
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flags (in conjunction with the
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.Fl R
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flag) cause symbolic links to be followed as described above.
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The
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.Fl H ,
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.Fl L
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and
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.Fl P
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options are ignored unless the
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.Fl R
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option is specified.
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In addition, these options override each other and the
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command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
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.Pp
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If
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.Nm
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receives a
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.Dv SIGINFO
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(see the
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.Cm status
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argument for
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.Xr stty 1 )
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signal, the current input and output file and the percentage complete
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will be written to the standard output.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Make a copy of file
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.Pa foo
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named
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.Pa bar :
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.Pp
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.Dl $ cp foo bar
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.Pp
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Copy a group of files to the
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.Pa /tmp
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directory:
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.Pp
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.Dl $ cp *.txt /tmp
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.Pp
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Copy the directory
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.Pa junk
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and all of its contents (including any subdirectories) to the
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.Pa /tmp
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directory:
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.Pp
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.Dl $ cp -R junk /tmp
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Historic versions of the
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.Nm
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utility had a
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.Fl r
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option.
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This implementation supports that option, however, its behavior
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is different from historical
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.Fx
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behavior.
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Use of this option
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is strongly discouraged as the behavior is
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implementation-dependent.
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In
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.Fx ,
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.Fl r
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is a synonym for
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.Fl RL
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and works the same unless modified by other flags.
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Historical implementations
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of
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.Fl r
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differ as they copy special files as normal
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files while recreating a hierarchy.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl v
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and
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.Fl n
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options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr mv 1 ,
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.Xr rcp 1 ,
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.Xr umask 2 ,
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.Xr fts 3 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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command is expected to be
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.St -p1003.2
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compatible.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v1 .
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