c36029e6dc
used "fd", while these used "d" and "filedes". MFC after: 1 week Approved by: gjb Approved by: re (delphij)
267 lines
7.3 KiB
Groff
267 lines
7.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: lockf.3,v 1.10 2008/04/30 13:10:50 martin Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Klaus Klein and S.P. Zeidler.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 11, 2013
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.Dt LOCKF 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm lockf
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.Nd record locking on files
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In unistd.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn lockf "int fd" "int function" "off_t size"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn lockf
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function allows sections of a file to be locked with advisory-mode locks.
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Calls to
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.Fn lockf
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from other processes which attempt to lock the locked file section will
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either return an error value or block until the section becomes unlocked.
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All the locks for a process are removed when the process terminates.
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa fd
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is an open file descriptor.
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The file descriptor must have been opened either for write-only
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.Dv ( O_WRONLY )
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or read/write
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.Dv ( O_RDWR )
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operation.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa function
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argument is a control value which specifies the action to be taken.
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The permissible values for
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.Fa function
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are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width F_ULOCKXX -compact -offset indent
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.It Sy Function
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.Sy Description
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.It Dv F_ULOCK
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unlock locked sections
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.It Dv F_LOCK
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lock a section for exclusive use
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.It Dv F_TLOCK
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test and lock a section for exclusive use
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.It Dv F_TEST
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test a section for locks by other processes
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.El
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.Pp
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.Dv F_ULOCK
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removes locks from a section of the file;
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.Dv F_LOCK
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and
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.Dv F_TLOCK
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both lock a section of a file if the section is available;
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.Dv F_TEST
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detects if a lock by another process is present on the specified section.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa size
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argument is the number of contiguous bytes to be locked or
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unlocked.
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The section to be locked or unlocked starts at the current
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offset in the file and extends forward for a positive size or backward
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for a negative size (the preceding bytes up to but not including the
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current offset).
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However, it is not permitted to lock a section that
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starts or extends before the beginning of the file.
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If
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.Fa size
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is 0, the section from the current offset through the largest possible
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file offset is locked (that is, from the current offset through the
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present or any future end-of-file).
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.Pp
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The sections locked with
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.Dv F_LOCK
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or
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.Dv F_TLOCK
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may, in whole or in part, contain or be contained by a previously
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locked section for the same process.
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When this occurs, or if adjacent
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locked sections would occur, the sections are combined into a single
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locked section.
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If the request would cause the number of locks to
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exceed a system-imposed limit, the request will fail.
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.Pp
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.Dv F_LOCK
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and
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.Dv F_TLOCK
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requests differ only by the action taken if the section is not
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available.
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.Dv F_LOCK
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blocks the calling process until the section is available.
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.Dv F_TLOCK
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makes the function fail if the section is already locked by another
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process.
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.Pp
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File locks are released on first close by the locking process of any
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file descriptor for the file.
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.Pp
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.Dv F_ULOCK
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requests release (wholly or in part) one or more locked sections
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controlled by the process.
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Locked sections will be unlocked starting
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at the current file offset through
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.Fa size
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bytes or to the end of file if size is 0.
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When all of a locked section
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is not released (that is, when the beginning or end of the area to be
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unlocked falls within a locked section), the remaining portions of
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that section are still locked by the process.
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Releasing the center
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portion of a locked section will cause the remaining locked beginning
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and end portions to become two separate locked sections.
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If the
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request would cause the number of locks in the system to exceed a
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system-imposed limit, the request will fail.
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.Pp
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An
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.Dv F_ULOCK
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request in which size is non-zero and the offset of the last byte of
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the requested section is the maximum value for an object of type
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off_t, when the process has an existing lock in which size is 0 and
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which includes the last byte of the requested section, will be treated
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as a request to unlock from the start of the requested section with a
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size equal to 0.
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Otherwise an
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.Dv F_ULOCK
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request will attempt to unlock only the requested section.
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.Pp
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A potential for deadlock occurs if a process controlling a locked
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region is put to sleep by attempting to lock the locked region of
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another process.
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This implementation detects that sleeping until a
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locked region is unlocked would cause a deadlock and fails with an
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.Er EDEADLK
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error.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn lockf ,
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.Xr fcntl 2 ,
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and
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.Xr flock 2
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locks are compatible.
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Processes using different locking interfaces can cooperate
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over the same file safely.
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However, only one of such interfaces should be used within
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the same process.
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If a file is locked by a process through
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.Xr flock 2 ,
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any record within the file will be seen as locked
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from the viewpoint of another process using
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.Xr fcntl 2
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or
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.Fn lockf ,
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and vice versa.
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.Pp
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Blocking on a section is interrupted by any signal.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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.Rv -std lockf
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In the case of a failure, existing locks are not changed.
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.Sh ERRORS
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The
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.Fn lockf
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function
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will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EAGAIN
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The argument
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.Fa function
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is
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.Dv F_TLOCK
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or
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.Dv F_TEST
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and the section is already locked by another process.
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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The argument
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.Fa fd
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is not a valid open file descriptor.
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa function
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is
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.Dv F_LOCK
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or
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.Dv F_TLOCK ,
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and
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.Fa fd
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is not a valid file descriptor open for writing.
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.It Bq Er EDEADLK
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The argument
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.Fa function
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is
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.Dv F_LOCK
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and a deadlock is detected.
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.It Bq Er EINTR
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The argument
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.Fa function
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is F_LOCK
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and
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.Fn lockf
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was interrupted by the delivery of a signal.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The argument
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.Fa function
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is not one of
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.Dv F_ULOCK ,
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.Dv F_LOCK ,
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.Dv F_TLOCK
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or
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.Dv F_TEST .
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa fd
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refers to a file that does not support locking.
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.It Bq Er ENOLCK
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The argument
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.Fa function
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is
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.Dv F_ULOCK ,
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.Dv F_LOCK
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or
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.Dv F_TLOCK ,
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and satisfying the lock or unlock request would result in the number
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of locked regions in the system exceeding a system-imposed limit.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fcntl 2 ,
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.Xr flock 2
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn lockf
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function conforms to
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.St -xpg4.2 .
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