584 lines
14 KiB
Groff
584 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Portions of this manual page are Copyrighted by
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.\" The NetBSD Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd November 4, 2002
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.Dt RC 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rc
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.Nd command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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|
.Nm
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.Nm rc.conf
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.Nm rc.conf.local
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.Nm rc.d/
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.Nm rc.firewall
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.Nm rc.local
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.Nm rc.shutdown
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.Nm rc.subr
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process
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after being called by
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.Xr init 8 .
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|
The
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.Nm rc.local
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script contains commands which are pertinent only
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to a specific site.
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|
Typically, the
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
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|
mechanism is used instead of
|
|
.Nm rc.local
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|
these days but if
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you want to use
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.Nm rc.local ,
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it is still supported.
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|
In this case, it should source
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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and contain additional custom startup code for your system.
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The best way to handle
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.Nm rc.local ,
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however, is to separate it out into
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.Nm rc.d/
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|
style scripts and place them under
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ .
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|
The
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.Nm rc.conf
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|
file contains the global system configuration information referenced
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by the startup scripts, while
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.Nm rc.conf.local
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|
contains the local system configuration.
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See
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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for more information.
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.Pp
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|
The
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.Nm rc.d/
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|
directories contain scripts which will be automatically
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executed at boot time and shutdown time.
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|
.Ss Operation of Nm
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.Bl -enum
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|
.It
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|
Source
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.Pa /etc/rc.subr
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|
to load various
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|
.Xr rc.subr 8
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|
shell functions to use.
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.It
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If autobooting, set
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.Va autoboot Ns = Ns Li yes
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|
and enable a flag
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.Pq Va rc_fast Ns = Ns Li yes ,
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|
which prevents the
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.Nm rc.d/
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|
scripts from performing the check for already running processes
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(thus speeding up the boot process).
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This
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|
.Va rc_fast Ns = Ns Li yes
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speedup will not occur when
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.Nm
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is started up after exiting the single-user shell.
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|
.It
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|
Invoke
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|
.Xr rcorder 8
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|
to order the files in
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|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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|
that do not have a
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|
.Dq Li nostart
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|
keyword (refer to
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|
.Xr rcorder 8 Ns 's
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|
.Fl s
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flag),
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and assign the result to a variable.
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.It
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Call each script in turn using
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.Fn run_rc_script
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(from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ) ,
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|
which sets
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.Va $1
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|
to
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|
.Dq Li start ,
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|
and sources the script in a subshell.
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|
If the script has a
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|
.Pa .sh
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suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell.
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|
.El
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.Ss Operation of Nm rc.shutdown
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.Bl -enum
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|
.It
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|
Source
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|
.Pa /etc/rc.subr
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|
to load various
|
|
.Xr rc.subr 8
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|
shell functions to use.
|
|
.It
|
|
Invoke
|
|
.Xr rcorder 8
|
|
to order the files in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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|
that have a
|
|
.Dq Li shutdown
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|
keyword (refer to
|
|
.Xr rcorder 8 Ns 's
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|
.Fl k
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|
flag),
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|
reverse that order, and assign the result to a variable.
|
|
.It
|
|
Call each script in turn using
|
|
.Fn run_rc_script
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|
(from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ) ,
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|
which sets
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|
.Va $1
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|
to
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|
.Dq Li stop ,
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|
and sources the script in a subshell.
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|
If the script has a
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|
.Pa .sh
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|
suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell.
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|
.El
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|
.Ss Contents of Nm rc.d/
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|
.Nm rc.d/
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|
is located in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/ .
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|
The following file naming conventions are currently used in
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|
.Nm rc.d/ :
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|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa ALLUPPERCASE" -offset indent
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.It Pa ALLUPPERCASE
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|
Scripts that are
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.Dq placeholders
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|
to ensure that certain operations are performed before others.
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|
In order of startup, these are:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa NETWORKING"
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.It Pa NETWORKING
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Ensure basic network services are running, including general
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network configuration
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|
.Pq Pa network1 , network2 , network3 .
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|
.It Pa SERVERS
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|
Ensure basic services (such as
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.Pa NETWORKING , ppp-user , syslogd ,
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|
and
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|
.Pa isdnd )
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|
exist for services that start early (such as
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|
.Pa named ) ,
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|
because they are required by
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|
.Pa DAEMON
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|
below.
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|
.It Pa DAEMON
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|
Check-point before all general purpose daemons such as
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.Pa lpd
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and
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|
.Pa ntpd .
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|
.It Pa LOGIN
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|
Check-point before user login services
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|
.Pa ( inetd
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|
and
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|
.Pa sshd ) ,
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|
as well as services which might run commands as users
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|
.Pa ( cron
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|
and
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|
.Pa sendmail ) .
|
|
.El
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|
.It Pa foo.sh
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|
Scripts that are to be sourced into the current shell rather than a subshell
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|
have a
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|
.Pa .sh
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|
suffix.
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|
Extreme care must be taken in using this, as the startup sequence will
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terminate if the script does.
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|
.It Pa bar
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|
Scripts that are sourced in a subshell.
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|
These can stop the boot if necessary with the following shell
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|
commands:
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|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
if [ "$autoboot" = yes ]; then
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|
kill -TERM $$
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|
fi
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|
exit 1
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|
.Ed
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|
.Pp
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|
Note that this should be used extremely sparingly!
|
|
.El
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|
.Pp
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|
Each script should contain
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|
.Xr rcorder 8
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|
keywords, especially an appropriate
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|
.Dq Li PROVIDE
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|
entry, and if necessary
|
|
.Dq Li REQUIRE
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|
and
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|
.Dq Li BEFORE
|
|
keywords.
|
|
In addition, all scripts must have a
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|
.Dq Li "# KEYWORD: FreeBSD"
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|
line.
|
|
.Pp
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|
Each script is expected to support at least the following arguments, which
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|
are automatically supported if it uses the
|
|
.Fn run_rc_command
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|
function:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm restart" -offset indent
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|
.It Cm start
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|
Start the service.
|
|
This should check that the service is to be started as specified by
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|
.Xr rc.conf 5 .
|
|
Also checks if the service is already running and refuses to start if
|
|
it is.
|
|
This latter check is not performed by standard
|
|
.Fx
|
|
scripts if the system is starting directly to multi-user mode, to
|
|
speed up the boot process.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm forcestart
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|
is given, ignore the
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|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
check and start anyway.
|
|
.It Cm stop
|
|
If the service is to be started as specified by
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
|
|
stop the service.
|
|
This should check that the service is running and complain if it is not.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm forcestop
|
|
is given, ignore the
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
check and attempt to stop.
|
|
.It Cm restart
|
|
Perform a
|
|
.Cm stop
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|
then a
|
|
.Cm start .
|
|
.It Cm status
|
|
If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off
|
|
operation), show the status of the process.
|
|
Otherwise it is not necessary to support this argument.
|
|
Defaults to displaying the process ID of the program (if running).
|
|
.It Cm poll
|
|
If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off
|
|
operation), wait for the command to exit.
|
|
Otherwise it is not necessary to support this argument.
|
|
.It Cm rcvar
|
|
Display which
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
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|
variables are used to control the startup of the service (if any).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a script must implement additional commands it can list them in
|
|
the
|
|
.Va extra_commands
|
|
variable, and define their actions in a variable constructed from
|
|
the command name (see the
|
|
.Sx EXAMPLES
|
|
section).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following key points apply to old-style scripts in
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ :
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Scripts are only executed if their
|
|
.Xr basename 1
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|
matches the shell globbing pattern
|
|
.Pa *.sh ,
|
|
and they are executable.
|
|
Any other files or directories present within the directory are silently
|
|
ignored.
|
|
.It
|
|
When a script is executed at boot time, it is passed the string
|
|
.Dq Li start
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|
as its first and only argument.
|
|
At shutdown time, it is passed the string
|
|
.Dq Li stop
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|
as its first and only argument.
|
|
All
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
scripts are expected to handle these arguments appropriately.
|
|
If no action needs to be taken at a given time
|
|
(either boot time or shutdown time),
|
|
the script should exit successfully and without producing an error message.
|
|
.It
|
|
The scripts within each directory are executed in lexicographical order.
|
|
If a specific order is required,
|
|
numbers may be used as a prefix to the existing filenames,
|
|
so for example
|
|
.Pa 100.foo
|
|
would be executed before
|
|
.Pa 200.bar ;
|
|
without the numeric prefixes the opposite would be true.
|
|
.It
|
|
The output from each script is traditionally a space character,
|
|
followed by the name of the software package being started or shut down,
|
|
.Em without
|
|
a trailing newline character (see the
|
|
.Sx EXAMPLES
|
|
section).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SCRIPTS OF INTEREST
|
|
When an automatic reboot is in progress,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is invoked with the argument
|
|
.Cm autoboot .
|
|
One of the scripts run from
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/
|
|
is
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/fsck .
|
|
This script runs
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
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|
with option
|
|
.Fl p
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|
and
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
to
|
|
.Dq preen
|
|
all the disks of minor inconsistencies resulting
|
|
from the last system shutdown.
|
|
If this fails, then checks/repairs of serious inconsistencies
|
|
caused by hardware or software failure will be performed
|
|
in the background at the end of the booting process.
|
|
If
|
|
.Cm autoboot
|
|
is not set, when going from single-user to multi-user mode for example,
|
|
the script does not do anything.
|
|
.Pp
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|
The
|
|
.Nm rc.early
|
|
script is run very early in the startup process, immediately before the
|
|
file system check.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm rc.early
|
|
script is deprecated.
|
|
Any commands in this
|
|
file should be separated out into
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
style scripts and integrated into the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
system.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/local
|
|
script can execute scripts from multiple
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
directories.
|
|
The default locations are
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /usr/X11R6/etc/rc.d/ ,
|
|
but these may be overridden with the
|
|
.Va local_startup
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
variable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/serial
|
|
script is used to set any special configurations for serial devices.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/network*
|
|
scripts are used to start the network.
|
|
The network is started in several passes.
|
|
The first pass,
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/network1 ,
|
|
sets the hostname and domainname and configures the network
|
|
interfaces.
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/network2
|
|
script starts routing and sets routing options.
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/network3
|
|
script sets additional networking options.
|
|
Finally, the
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/network_ipv6
|
|
script configures IPv6 interfaces and options.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm rc.firewall
|
|
script is used to configure rules for the kernel based firewall
|
|
service.
|
|
It has several possible options:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Ar filename" -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It Cm open
|
|
will allow anyone in
|
|
.It Cm client
|
|
will try to protect just this machine
|
|
.It Cm simple
|
|
will try to protect a whole network
|
|
.It Cm closed
|
|
totally disables IP services except via
|
|
.Pa lo0
|
|
interface
|
|
.It Cm UNKNOWN
|
|
disables the loading of firewall rules
|
|
.It Ar filename
|
|
will load the rules in the given filename (full path required).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/atm*
|
|
scripts are used to configure ATM network interfaces.
|
|
The interfaces are configured in three passes.
|
|
The first pass performs the initial interface configuration.
|
|
The second pass completes the interface configuration and defines PVCs and
|
|
permanent ATMARP entries.
|
|
The third pass starts any ATM daemons.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Most daemons, including network related daemons, have their own script in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/ ,
|
|
which can be used to start, stop, and check the status of the service.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Any architecture specific scripts, such as
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.d/apm
|
|
for example, specifically check that they are on that architecture
|
|
before starting the daemon.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Following tradition, all startup files reside in
|
|
.Pa /etc .
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
The following is a minimal
|
|
.Nm rc.d/
|
|
style script.
|
|
Most scripts require little more than the following.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# PROVIDE: foo
|
|
# REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo
|
|
# BEFORE: baz_service_requiring_foo_to_precede_it
|
|
# KEYWORD: FreeBSD
|
|
|
|
\&. /etc/rc.subr
|
|
|
|
name="foo"
|
|
rcvar=`set_rcvar`
|
|
command="/usr/local/bin/foo"
|
|
|
|
load_rc_config $name
|
|
run_rc_command "$1"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Certain scripts may want to provide enhanced functionality.
|
|
The user may access this functionality through additional commands.
|
|
The script may list and define as many commands at it needs.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
# PROVIDE: foo
|
|
# REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo
|
|
# BEFORE: baz_service_requiring_foo_to_precede_it
|
|
# KEYWORD: FreeBSD
|
|
|
|
\&. /etc/rc.subr
|
|
|
|
name="foo"
|
|
rcvar=`set_rcvar`
|
|
command="/usr/local/bin/foo"
|
|
extra_commands="nop hello"
|
|
hello_cmd="echo Hello World."
|
|
nop_cmd="do_nop"
|
|
|
|
do_nop()
|
|
{
|
|
echo "I do nothing."
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
load_rc_config $name
|
|
run_rc_command "$1"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following is a simple, hypothetical example of an old-style
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
|
|
script,
|
|
which would start a daemon at boot time,
|
|
and kill it at shutdown time.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh -
|
|
#
|
|
# initialization/shutdown script for foobar package
|
|
|
|
case "$1" in
|
|
start)
|
|
/usr/local/sbin/foo -d && echo -n ' foo'
|
|
;;
|
|
stop)
|
|
kill `cat /var/run/foo.pid` && echo -n ' foo'
|
|
;;
|
|
*)
|
|
echo "unknown option: $1 - should be 'start' or 'stop'" >&2
|
|
;;
|
|
esac
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As all processes are killed by
|
|
.Xr init 8
|
|
at shutdown, the explicit
|
|
.Xr kill 1
|
|
is unnecessary, but is often included.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.conf
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.d/
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.firewall
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.local
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
|
|
.It Pa /etc/rc.subr
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot
|
|
.Xr dmesg 1
|
|
results soon after the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
process begins.
|
|
Useful when dmesg buffer in the kernel no longer has this information.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ,
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr init 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rcorder 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rc.subr 8 ,
|
|
.Xr reboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr savecore 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.0 .
|