1262 lines
48 KiB
Plaintext
1262 lines
48 KiB
Plaintext
# @(#)australasia 7.65
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# This file also includes Pacific islands.
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# Notes are at the end of this file
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###############################################################################
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# Australia
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# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
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Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
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# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
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# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
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# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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# Northern Territory
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Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - CST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus CST
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# Western Australia
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Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
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8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
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8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
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8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
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8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
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8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
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8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
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8:00 - WST
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# Queensland
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#
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# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
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# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
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# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
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# Queensland ceased to.
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
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# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
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# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
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# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
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# so use Lindeman.
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AQ EST
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Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
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10:00 Holiday EST
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# South Australia
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - CST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus CST 1971
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9:30 AS CST
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# Tasmania
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus EST 1967
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10:00 AT EST
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# Victoria
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AV EST
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# New South Wales
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AN EST
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Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
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9:00 - CST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus CST 1971
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9:30 AN CST 2000
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9:30 AS CST
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# Lord Howe Island
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
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Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
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Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
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Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
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Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
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Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
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10:30 LH LHST
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# Australian miscellany
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#
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# Ashmore Is, Cartier
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# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
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# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
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#
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# Coral Sea Is
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# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
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# no information
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#
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# Macquarie
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# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
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# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
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# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
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# Christmas
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
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# Cook Is
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# From Shanks:
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
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Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
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Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
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-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
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-10:00 Cook CK%sT
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# Cocos
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# From USNO (1989):
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
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# Fiji
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
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Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
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12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
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# French Polynesia
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
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-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
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Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
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-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
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Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
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-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
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# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
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# it is uninhabited.
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# Guam
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
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9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
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10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
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10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
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# Kiribati
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
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12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
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Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
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-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
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-11:00 - PHOT 1995
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13:00 - PHOT
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Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
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-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
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-10:00 - LINT 1995
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14:00 - LINT
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# N Mariana Is
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
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9:43:00 - LMT 1901
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9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
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10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
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10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
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# Marshall Is
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
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11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
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12:00 - MHT
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Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
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11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
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-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
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12:00 - MHT
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# Micronesia
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
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9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
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10:00 - YAPT
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Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
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10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
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Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
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11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
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Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
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11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
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12:00 - KOST 1999
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11:00 - KOST
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# Nauru
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
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11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
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9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
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11:30 - NRT 1979 May
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12:00 - NRT
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# New Caledonia
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
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Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
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Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
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# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
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Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
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11:00 NC NC%sT
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###############################################################################
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# New Zealand
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
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# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
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Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
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Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
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Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
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Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
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Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
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# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
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# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
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Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
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Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
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Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
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Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
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11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
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12:00 NZ NZ%sT
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Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
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# Auckland Is
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# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
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# and scientific personnel have wintered
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# Campbell I
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# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
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# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
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# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
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# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
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###############################################################################
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# Niue
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
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-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
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-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
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-11:00 - NUT
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# Norfolk
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
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11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
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11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
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# Palau (Belau)
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
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9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
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# Papua New Guinea
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
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9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
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10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
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# Pitcairn
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
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-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
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-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
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# American Samoa
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Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
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-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
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-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
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-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
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-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
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-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
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# W Samoa
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Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
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-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
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-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
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-11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
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# Solomon Is
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# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
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11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
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# Tokelau Is
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
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-10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
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# Tonga
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
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Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
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Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S
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Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 -
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Rule Tonga 2001 only - Nov 25 2:00s 1:00 S
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Rule Tonga 2002 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
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12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
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13:00 - TOT 1999
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13:00 Tonga TO%sT
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# Tuvalu
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
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12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
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# US minor outlying islands
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# Howland, Baker
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# uninhabited since World War II
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# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
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# Jarvis
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# uninhabited since 1958
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# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
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# Johnston
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
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# Kingman
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# uninhabited
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# Midway
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Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
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-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
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-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
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-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
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# Palmyra
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# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
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# Wake
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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|
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
|
|
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Vanuatu
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
|
|
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
|
|
|
|
# Wallis and Futuna
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# NOTES
|
|
|
|
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
|
|
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
|
|
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
|
|
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
|
|
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
|
|
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
|
|
#
|
|
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
|
|
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
|
|
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
|
|
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
|
|
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
|
|
#
|
|
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
|
|
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
|
|
#
|
|
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
|
|
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
|
|
# I found in the UCLA library.
|
|
#
|
|
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
|
|
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
|
|
#
|
|
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
|
|
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
|
|
# Corrections are welcome!
|
|
# std dst
|
|
# LMT Local Mean Time
|
|
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
|
|
# 9:00 JST Japan
|
|
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
|
|
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
|
|
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
|
|
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
|
|
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
|
|
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
|
|
# -11:00 SST Samoa
|
|
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
|
|
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
|
|
#
|
|
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
|
|
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# Australia
|
|
|
|
# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
|
|
# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
|
|
# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
|
|
|
|
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
|
|
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
|
|
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
|
|
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
|
|
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
|
|
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
|
|
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
|
|
# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
|
|
# time'.
|
|
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
|
|
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
|
|
# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
|
|
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
|
|
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
|
|
# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
|
|
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
|
|
# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
|
|
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
|
|
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
|
|
# versus "AEST" etc.:
|
|
#
|
|
# I see the following points of dispute:
|
|
#
|
|
# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
|
|
#
|
|
# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
|
|
# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
|
|
# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
|
|
# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
|
|
# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
|
|
# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
|
|
# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
|
|
# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
|
|
#
|
|
# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
|
|
# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
|
|
# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
|
|
# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
|
|
#
|
|
# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
|
|
#
|
|
# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
|
|
# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
|
|
# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
|
|
# Time, for example.
|
|
#
|
|
# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
|
|
# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
|
|
# tiebreaker.
|
|
#
|
|
# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
|
|
# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
|
|
# the word "Australian"?
|
|
#
|
|
# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
|
|
# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
|
|
# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
|
|
# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
|
|
# following count of page hits:
|
|
#
|
|
# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
|
|
# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
|
|
# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
|
|
# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
|
|
# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
|
|
# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
|
|
# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
|
|
#
|
|
# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
|
|
# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
|
|
# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
|
|
# are the hit counts anyway:
|
|
#
|
|
# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
|
|
# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
|
|
# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
|
|
# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
|
|
# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
|
|
# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
|
|
# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
|
|
# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
|
|
#
|
|
# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
|
|
# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
|
|
# the ambiguities involved.
|
|
#
|
|
# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
|
|
#
|
|
# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
|
|
# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
|
|
# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
|
|
# understood in Australia.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
|
|
# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
|
|
# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
|
|
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
|
|
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
|
|
# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
|
|
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
|
|
#
|
|
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
|
|
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
|
|
# relevant entries in this database.
|
|
#
|
|
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
|
|
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
|
|
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# ACT
|
|
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
|
|
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# SA
|
|
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
|
|
# Standard Time Act, 1898
|
|
# </a>
|
|
|
|
# Northern Territory
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
|
# Western Australia
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
|
|
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
|
|
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
|
|
# # before reaching parliament.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
|
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
|
|
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
|
|
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
|
|
# work at 9.00am.)
|
|
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
|
|
# everybody again.
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
|
|
# it matches what was used in the past.
|
|
|
|
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
|
|
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
|
|
# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
|
|
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
|
|
|
|
# Queensland
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
|
|
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
|
|
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
|
|
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
|
|
# October 1989).
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
|
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
|
|
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
|
|
# me.)
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
|
|
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
|
|
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
|
|
|
|
# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
|
|
# There are lots of differences between these rules and
|
|
# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
|
|
# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
|
|
# current DST ending dates, no worries.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
|
|
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
|
|
# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
|
|
# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
|
|
# 10:00 Oz EST
|
|
|
|
# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
|
|
# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
|
|
# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
|
|
# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
|
|
# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
|
|
# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
|
|
|
|
# South Australia
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
|
|
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
|
|
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
|
|
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
|
|
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
|
|
|
|
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
|
|
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
|
|
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
|
|
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
|
|
# is on...
|
|
|
|
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
|
|
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
|
|
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
|
|
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
|
|
|
|
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
|
|
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
|
|
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
|
|
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
|
|
|
|
# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
|
|
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
|
|
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
|
|
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
|
|
|
|
# Tasmania
|
|
|
|
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
|
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
|
|
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
|
|
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
|
|
# (but nothing new about that).
|
|
|
|
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
|
|
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
|
|
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
|
|
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
|
|
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
|
|
# instead of the first Sunday in October.
|
|
|
|
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
|
|
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
|
|
|
|
# Victoria
|
|
|
|
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
|
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
|
|
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
|
|
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
|
|
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
|
|
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
|
|
# in Melbourne, Australia.
|
|
#
|
|
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
|
|
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
|
|
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
|
|
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
|
|
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
|
|
# expected time.
|
|
#
|
|
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
|
|
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
|
|
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
|
|
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
|
|
#
|
|
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
|
|
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
|
|
|
|
# New South Wales
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson:
|
|
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
|
|
# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
|
|
# who notes:
|
|
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
|
|
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
|
|
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
|
|
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
|
|
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
|
|
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
|
|
# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
|
|
# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
|
|
# Daylight Saving
|
|
# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
|
|
# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
|
|
# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
|
|
# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
|
|
# </a>
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
|
|
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
|
|
# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
|
|
# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
|
|
# Two months more daylight saving
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
|
|
# See the following official NSW source:
|
|
# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
|
|
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
|
|
# </a>
|
|
#
|
|
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
|
|
# daylight saving next year. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
|
|
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
|
|
#
|
|
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
|
|
# Vic to extend daylight saving
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-28).
|
|
#
|
|
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
|
|
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-19).
|
|
#
|
|
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
|
|
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
|
|
# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
|
|
# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
|
|
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
|
|
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
|
|
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
|
|
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
|
|
#
|
|
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
|
|
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
|
|
# Broken Hill to be behind the times
|
|
# </a> (1999-07-21).
|
|
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
|
|
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
|
|
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
|
|
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
|
|
# towns to use Queensland time.
|
|
|
|
# Yancowinna
|
|
|
|
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
|
|
# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
|
|
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
|
|
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
|
|
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
|
|
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
|
|
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
|
|
# # presently available.
|
|
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
|
|
# [followed by other Rules]
|
|
|
|
# Lord Howe Island
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
|
|
# [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
|
|
# hour ahead of NSW time.
|
|
|
|
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
|
|
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
|
|
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
|
|
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
|
|
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
|
|
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
|
|
# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
|
|
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
|
|
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
|
|
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
|
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
|
|
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
|
|
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
|
|
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
|
|
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
|
|
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09):
|
|
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
|
|
# For times we use Lonergan.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# New Zealand
|
|
|
|
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
|
|
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
|
|
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
|
|
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
|
|
# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
|
|
|
|
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
|
|
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
|
|
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
|
|
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
|
|
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
|
|
# rather than the October 1 value.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
|
|
# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
|
|
# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
|
|
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
|
|
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
|
|
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
|
# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
|
|
# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
|
|
# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
|
|
# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Fiji
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
|
|
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
|
|
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
|
|
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
|
|
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
|
|
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
|
|
|
|
# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
|
|
# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
|
|
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
|
|
# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
|
|
# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
|
|
# millenium.
|
|
|
|
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
|
|
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
|
|
|
|
# Johnston
|
|
|
|
# Johnston data is from usno1995.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Kiribati
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
|
|
# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
|
|
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Kwajalein
|
|
|
|
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
|
|
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
|
|
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
|
|
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
|
|
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# N Mariana Is, Guam
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
|
|
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
|
|
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
|
|
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
|
|
# see Asia/Manila.
|
|
|
|
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
|
|
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
|
|
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
|
|
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Micronesia
|
|
|
|
# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
|
|
# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
|
|
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
|
|
#
|
|
# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
|
|
# ignore this for now.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
|
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
|
|
# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
|
|
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
|
|
# </a> (1999-01-26)
|
|
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
|
|
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Pitcairn
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
|
|
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
|
|
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
|
|
#
|
|
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
|
|
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
|
|
# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
|
|
#
|
|
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
|
|
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
|
|
# somehow in light of this proclamation.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
|
|
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
|
|
# ... at midnight.
|
|
|
|
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
|
|
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
|
|
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
|
|
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Samoa
|
|
|
|
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
|
|
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
|
|
# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
|
|
# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
|
|
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Tonga
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
|
|
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
|
|
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
|
|
|
|
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
|
|
# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
|
|
# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
|
|
# </a>:
|
|
|
|
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
|
|
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
|
|
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
|
|
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
|
|
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|
|
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
|
|
#
|
|
# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
|
|
# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
|
|
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
|
|
#
|
|
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
|
|
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
|
|
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
|
|
# minutes we have lost?"
|
|
#
|
|
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
|
|
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
|
|
# to say your prayers in the morning."
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
|
|
# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
|
|
|
|
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
|
|
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
|
|
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
|
|
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
|
|
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
|
|
# Government.
|
|
|
|
# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
|
|
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
|
|
#
|
|
# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
|
|
# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
|
|
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
|
|
# </a>
|
|
#
|
|
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
|
|
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
|
|
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
|
|
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
|
|
|
|
# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
|
|
# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
|
|
# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
|
|
# </a>:
|
|
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
|
|
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
|
|
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
|
|
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
|
|
# set back an hour on the closing date."
|
|
# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
|
|
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
|
|
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
|
|
|
|
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
|
|
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
|
|
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
|
|
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
|
|
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
|
|
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
|
|
# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
|
|
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
|
|
|
|
# From Rives McDow (2001-07-17):
|
|
# The Kingdom of Tonga will move to DST at 0200 local time on Sunday,
|
|
# November 25, 2001 and revert back to standard time at 0300 local
|
|
# time on Sunday, March 3, 2002.
|
|
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# The International Date Line
|
|
|
|
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
|
|
#
|
|
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
|
|
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
|
|
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
|
|
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
|
|
#
|
|
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
|
|
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
|
|
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
|
|
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
|
|
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
|
|
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
|
|
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
|
|
#
|
|
# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
|
|
# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
|
|
# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
|
|
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
|
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
|
|
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
|
|
# correct date is ambiguous.
|