fa09e6dd12
The troff output in indent was invented at Sun and the online documentation
for some post-SunOS operating system includes this:
The usual way to get a troffed listing is with the command
indent -troff program.c | troff -mindent
The indent manual page in FreeBSD 1.0 already lacks that information and
troff -mindent complains about not being able to find the macro file.
It seems that the file did exist on SunOS and was supposed to be imported
into 4.3BSD together with the feature, but that has never happened.
Removal of troff output support simplifies a lot of indent's code.
vgrind(1) seems to be a promising replacement.
586 lines
14 KiB
Groff
586 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1976 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)indent.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 7, 2017
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.Dt INDENT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm indent
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.Nd indent and format C program source
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Ar input-file Op Ar output-file
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.Op Fl bacc | Fl nbacc
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.Op Fl bad | Fl nbad
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.Op Fl badp | Fl nbadp
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.Op Fl bap | Fl nbap
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl ei | Fl ei
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.Op Fl eei | Fl eei
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.Op Fl bbb | Fl nbbb
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.Ek
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.Op Fl \&bc | Fl nbc
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.Op Fl \&bl
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.Op Fl \&br
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.Op Fl bs | Fl nbs
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.Op Fl c Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&cd Ns Ar n
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl cdb | Fl ncdb
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.Ek
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.Op Fl \&ce | Fl nce
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.Op Fl \&ci Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl cli Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl d Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&di Ns Ar n
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl fbs | Fl nfbs
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.Op Fl fc1 | Fl nfc1
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.Op Fl fcb | Fl nfcb
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.Ek
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.Op Fl i Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&ip | Fl nip
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.Op Fl l Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&lc Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&ldi Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&lp | Fl nlp
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.Op Fl npro
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.Op Fl P Ns Ar file
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.Op Fl pcs | Fl npcs
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.Op Fl psl | Fl npsl
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.Op Fl sac | Fl nsac
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.Op Fl \&sc | Fl nsc
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl sob | Fl nsob
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.Ek
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.Op Fl \&st
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.Op Fl \&ta
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.Op Fl ts Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl U Ns Ar file
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.Op Fl ut | Fl nut
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.Op Fl v | Fl \&nv
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is a
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.Em C
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program formatter.
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It reformats the
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.Em C
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program in the
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.Ar input-file
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according to the switches.
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The switches which can be
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specified are described below.
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They may appear before or after the file
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names.
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.Pp
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.Sy NOTE :
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If you only specify an
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.Ar input-file ,
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the formatting is
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done `in-place', that is, the formatted file is written back into
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.Ar input-file
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and a backup copy of
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.Ar input-file
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is written in the current directory.
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If
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.Ar input-file
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is named
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.Sq Pa /blah/blah/file ,
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the backup file is named
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.Sq Pa file.BAK
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by default. The extension used for the backup file may be overridden using the
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.Ev SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
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environment variable.
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.Pp
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If
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.Ar output-file
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is specified,
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.Nm
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checks to make sure that it is different from
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.Ar input-file .
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.Pp
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The options listed below control the formatting style imposed by
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.Nm .
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.Bl -tag -width Op
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.It Fl bacc , nbacc
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If
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.Fl bacc
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is specified, a blank line is forced around every conditional
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compilation block.
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For example, in front of every #ifdef and after every #endif.
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Other blank lines surrounding such blocks will be swallowed.
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Default:
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.Fl nbacc .
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.It Fl bad , nbad
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If
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.Fl bad
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is specified, a blank line is forced after every block of
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declarations.
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Default:
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.Fl nbad .
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.It Fl badp , nbadp
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This is vaguely similar to
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.Fl bad
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except that it only applies to the first set of declarations
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in a procedure (just after the first `{') and it causes a blank
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line to be generated even if there are no declarations.
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The default is
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.Fl nbadp.
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.It Fl bap , nbap
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If
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.Fl bap
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is specified, a blank line is forced after every procedure body.
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Default:
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.Fl nbap .
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.It Fl bbb , nbbb
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If
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.Fl bbb
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is specified, a blank line is forced before every block comment.
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Default:
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.Fl nbbb .
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.It Fl \&bc , nbc
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If
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.Fl \&bc
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is specified, then a newline is forced after each comma in a declaration.
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.Fl nbc
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turns off this option.
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Default:
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.Fl \&nbc .
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.It Fl \&br , \&bl
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Specifying
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.Fl \&bl
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lines-up compound statements like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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if (...)
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{
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code
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}
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Specifying
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.Fl \&br
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(the default) makes them look like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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if (...) {
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code
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}
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.Ed
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.It Fl bs , nbs
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Whether a blank should always be inserted after sizeof.
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The default is
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.Fl nbs.
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.It Fl c Ns Ar n
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The column in which comments on code start.
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The default is 33.
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.It Fl cd Ns Ar n
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The column in which comments on declarations start.
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The default
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is for these comments to start in the same column as those on code.
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.It Fl cdb , ncdb
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Enables (disables) the placement of comment delimiters on blank lines.
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With
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this option enabled, comments look like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/*
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* this is a comment
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*/
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Rather than like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/* this is a comment */
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.Ed
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.Pp
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This only affects block comments, not comments to the right of
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code.
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The default is
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.Fl cdb .
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.It Fl ce , nce
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Enables (disables) forcing of `else's to cuddle up to the immediately preceding
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`}'.
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The default is
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.Fl \&ce .
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.It Fl \&ci Ns Ar n
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Sets the continuation indent to be
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.Ar n .
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Continuation
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lines will be indented that far from the beginning of the first line of the
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statement.
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Parenthesized expressions have extra indentation added to
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indicate the nesting, unless
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.Fl \&lp
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is in effect
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or the continuation indent is exactly half of the main indent.
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.Fl \&ci
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defaults to the same value as
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.Fl i .
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.It Fl cli Ns Ar n
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Causes case labels to be indented
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.Ar n
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tab stops to the right of the containing
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.Ic switch
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statement.
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.Fl cli0.5
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causes case labels to be indented half a tab stop.
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The
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default is
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.Fl cli0 .
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.It Fl d Ns Ar n
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Controls the placement of comments which are not to the
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right of code.
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For example,
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.Fl \&d\&1
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means that such comments are placed one indentation level to the
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left of code.
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Specifying the default
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.Fl \&d\&0
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lines-up these comments with the code.
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See the section on comment
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indentation below.
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.It Fl \&di Ns Ar n
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Specifies the indentation, in character positions,
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of global variable names and all struct/union member names
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relative to the beginning of their type declaration.
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The default is
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.Fl di16 .
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.It Fl dj , ndj
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.Fl \&dj
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left justifies declarations.
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.Fl ndj
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indents declarations the same as code.
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The default is
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.Fl ndj .
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.It Fl \&ei , nei
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Enables (disables) special
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.Ic else-if
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processing.
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If it is enabled, an
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.Ic if
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following an
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.Ic else
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will have the same indentation as the preceding
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.Ic \&if
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statement.
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The default is
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.Fl ei .
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.It Fl eei , neei
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Enables (disables) extra indentation on continuation lines of
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the expression part of
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.Ic if
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and
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.Ic while
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statements.
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These continuation lines will be indented one extra level.
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The default is
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.Fl neei .
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.It Fl fbs , nfbs
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Enables (disables) splitting the function declaration and opening brace
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across two lines.
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The default is
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.Fl fbs .
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.It Fl fc1 , nfc1
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Enables (disables) the formatting of comments that start in column 1.
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Often, comments whose leading `/' is in column 1 have been carefully
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hand formatted by the programmer.
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In such cases,
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.Fl nfc1
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should be
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used.
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The default is
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.Fl fc1 .
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.It Fl fcb , nfcb
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Enables (disables) the formatting of block comments (ones that begin
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with `/*\\n').
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Often, block comments have been not so carefully hand formatted by the
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programmer, but reformatting that would just change the line breaks is not
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wanted.
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In such cases,
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.Fl nfcb
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should be used.
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Block comments are then handled like box comments.
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The default is
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.Fl fcb .
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.It Fl i Ns Ar n
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The number of spaces for one indentation level.
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The default is 8.
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.It Fl \&ip , nip
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Enables (disables) the indentation of parameter declarations from the left
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margin.
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The default is
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.Fl \&ip .
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.It Fl l Ns Ar n
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Maximum length of an output line.
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The default is 78.
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.It Fl lc Ns Ar n
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Maximum length of an output line in a block comment.
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The default is 0, which means to limit block comment lines in accordance with
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.Fl l.
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.It Fl \&ldi Ns Ar n
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Specifies the indentation, in character positions,
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of local variable names
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relative to the beginning of their type declaration.
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The default is for local variable names to be indented
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by the same amount as global ones.
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.It Fl \&lp , nlp
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Lines-up code surrounded by parenthesis in continuation lines.
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If a line
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has a left paren which is not closed on that line, then continuation lines
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will be lined up to start at the character position just after the left
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paren.
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For example, here is how a piece of continued code looks with
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.Fl nlp
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in effect:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
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\ \ third_procedure(p4, p5));
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.Ed
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.Pp
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With
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.Fl lp
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in effect (the default) the code looks somewhat clearer:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p1\ =\ first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,\ p3),
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ third_procedure(p4,\ p5));
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Inserting two more newlines we get:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p1\ =\ first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p3),
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ third_procedure(p4,
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p5));
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.Ed
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.It Fl npro
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Causes the profile files,
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.Sq Pa ./.indent.pro
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and
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.Sq Pa ~/.indent.pro ,
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to be ignored.
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.It Fl P Ns Ar file
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Read profile from
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.Ar file .
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.It Fl pcs , npcs
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If true
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.Pq Fl pcs
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all procedure calls will have a space inserted between
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the name and the `('.
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The default is
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.Fl npcs .
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.It Fl psl , npsl
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If true
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.Pq Fl psl
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the names of procedures being defined are placed in
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column 1 \- their types, if any, will be left on the previous lines.
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The
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default is
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.Fl psl .
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.It Fl sac , nsac
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Control whether parenthesized type names in casts are followed by a space or
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not.
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The default is
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.Fl nsac .
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.It Fl \&sc , nsc
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Enables (disables) the placement of asterisks (`*'s) at the left edge of all
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comments.
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The default is
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.Fl sc .
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.It Fl sob , nsob
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If
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.Fl sob
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is specified, indent will swallow optional blank lines.
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You can use this to
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get rid of blank lines after declarations.
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Default:
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.Fl nsob .
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.It Fl \&st
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Causes
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.Nm
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to take its input from stdin and put its output to stdout.
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.It Fl ta
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Automatically add all identifiers ending in "_t" to the list
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of type keywords.
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.It Fl T Ns Ar typename
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Adds
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.Ar typename
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to the list of type keywords.
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Names accumulate:
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.Fl T
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can be specified more than once.
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You need to specify all the typenames that
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appear in your program that are defined by
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.Ic typedef
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\- nothing will be
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harmed if you miss a few, but the program will not be formatted as nicely as
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it should.
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|
This sounds like a painful thing to have to do, but it is really
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a symptom of a problem in C:
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.Ic typedef
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causes a syntactic change in the
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language and
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.Nm
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cannot find all
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instances of
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.Ic typedef .
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.It Fl ts Ns Ar n
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Assumed distance between tab stops.
|
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The default is 8.
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.It Fl U Ns Ar file
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Adds type names from
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.Ar file
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to the list of type keywords.
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|
.It Fl ut , nut
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|
Enables (disables) the use of tab characters in the output.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Fl ut .
|
|
.It Fl v , \&nv
|
|
.Fl v
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|
turns on `verbose' mode;
|
|
.Fl \&nv
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|
turns it off.
|
|
When in verbose mode,
|
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.Nm
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|
reports when it splits one line of input into two or more lines of output,
|
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and gives some size statistics at completion.
|
|
The default is
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.Fl \&nv .
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.El
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|
.Pp
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|
You may set up your own `profile' of defaults to
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|
.Nm
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|
by creating a file called
|
|
.Pa .indent.pro
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|
in your login directory and/or the current directory and including
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|
whatever switches you like.
|
|
A `.indent.pro' in the current directory takes
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|
precedence over the one in your login directory.
|
|
If
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|
.Nm
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|
is run and a profile file exists, then it is read to set up the program's
|
|
defaults.
|
|
Switches on the command line, though, always override profile
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|
switches.
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|
The switches should be separated by spaces, tabs or newlines.
|
|
.Pp
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|
.Ss Comments
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|
.Sq Em Box
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|
.Em comments .
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|
The
|
|
.Nm
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|
utility
|
|
assumes that any comment with a dash or star immediately after the start of
|
|
comment (that is, `/*\-' or `/**') is a comment surrounded by a box of stars.
|
|
Each line of such a comment is left unchanged, except that its indentation
|
|
may be adjusted to account for the change in indentation of the first line
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|
of the comment.
|
|
.Pp
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|
.Em Straight text .
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|
All other comments are treated as straight text.
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|
The
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.Nm
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|
utility fits as many words (separated by blanks, tabs, or newlines) on a
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line as possible.
|
|
Blank lines break paragraphs.
|
|
.Ss Comment indentation
|
|
If a comment is on a line with code it is started in the `comment column',
|
|
which is set by the
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.Fl c Ns Ns Ar n
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|
command line parameter.
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|
Otherwise, the comment is started at
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.Ar n
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|
indentation levels less than where code is currently being placed, where
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|
.Ar n
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|
is specified by the
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|
.Fl d Ns Ns Ar n
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|
command line parameter.
|
|
If the code on a line extends past the comment
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|
column, the comment starts further to the right, and the right margin may be
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|
automatically extended in extreme cases.
|
|
.Ss Preprocessor lines
|
|
In general,
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.Nm
|
|
leaves preprocessor lines alone.
|
|
The only
|
|
reformatting that it will do is to straighten up trailing comments.
|
|
It
|
|
leaves embedded comments alone.
|
|
Conditional compilation
|
|
.Pq Ic #ifdef...#endif
|
|
is recognized and
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to correctly
|
|
compensate for the syntactic peculiarities introduced.
|
|
.Ss C syntax
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility understands a substantial amount about the syntax of C, but it
|
|
has a `forgiving' parser.
|
|
It attempts to cope with the usual sorts of
|
|
incomplete and malformed syntax.
|
|
In particular, the use of macros like:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl #define forever for(;;)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
is handled properly.
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility uses the
|
|
.Ev HOME
|
|
environment variable.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "./.indent.pro" -compact
|
|
.It Pa ./.indent.pro
|
|
profile file
|
|
.It Pa ~/.indent.pro
|
|
profile file
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility has even more switches than
|
|
.Xr ls 1 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A common mistake is to try to indent all the
|
|
.Em C
|
|
programs in a directory by typing:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl indent *.c
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This is probably a bug, not a feature.
|