027d471e28
all lines into single /var/log/ppp.log
1136 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
1136 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
.\" manual page [] for ppp 0.94 beta2 + alpha
|
|
.\" $Id: ppp.8,v 1.30 1997/04/21 01:01:56 brian Exp $
|
|
.Dd 20 September 1995
|
|
.Os FreeBSD
|
|
.Dt PPP 8
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
.Nd
|
|
Point to Point Protocol (aka iijppp)
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl auto | background | ddial | direct | dedicated
|
|
.Op Fl alias
|
|
.Op Ar system
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
This is a user process
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
software package. Normally,
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
is implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g. as managed by pppd) and it's
|
|
thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behavior. However, in this
|
|
implementation
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
is done as a user process with the help of the
|
|
tunnel device driver (tun).
|
|
|
|
.Sh Major Features
|
|
|
|
.Bl -diag
|
|
.It Provides interactive user interface.
|
|
Using its command mode, the user can
|
|
easily enter commands to establish the connection with the remote end, check
|
|
the status of connection and close the connection. All functions can
|
|
also be optionally password protected for security.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports both manual and automatic dialing.
|
|
Interactive mode has a
|
|
.Dq term
|
|
command which enables you to talk to your modem directly. When your
|
|
modem is connected to the remote peer and it starts to talk
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
, the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
software detects it and switches to packet
|
|
mode automatically. Once you have determined the proper sequence for connecting
|
|
with the remote host, you can write a chat script to define the necessary
|
|
dialing and login procedure for later convenience.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports on-demand dialup capability.
|
|
By using auto mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will act as a daemon and wait for a packet to be sent over the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link. When this happens, the daemon automatically dials and establishes the
|
|
connection.
|
|
|
|
In almost the same manner ddial mode (dedicated or demon dialing)
|
|
also automatically dials and establishes the connection. However, it
|
|
differs in that it will dial the remote site any time it detects the
|
|
link is down, even if there are no packets to be sent. This mode is
|
|
useful for full-time connections who worry less about line charges
|
|
and more about being connected full time.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports packet aliasing.
|
|
Packet aliasing, more commonly known as masquerading, allows computers
|
|
on a private, unregistered network to access the internet. The
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
host acts as a masquerading gateway. IP addresses as well as TCP and
|
|
UDP port numbers are aliased for outgoing packets and de-aliased for
|
|
returning packets.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports background PPP connections.
|
|
In background mode, if
|
|
.Nm
|
|
successfully establishes the connection, it will become a daemon.
|
|
Otherwise, it will exit with an error.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports server-side PPP connections.
|
|
Can act as server which accepts incoming
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connections.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports PAP and CHAP authentication.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports Proxy Arp.
|
|
When
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
is set up as server, you can also configure it to do proxy arp for your
|
|
connection.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports packet filtering.
|
|
User can define four kinds of filters:
|
|
.Em ifilter
|
|
for incoming packets,
|
|
.Em ofilter
|
|
for outgoing packets,
|
|
.Em dfilter
|
|
to define a dialing trigger packet and
|
|
.Em afilter
|
|
for keeping a connection alive with the trigger packet.
|
|
|
|
.It Tunnel driver supports bpf.
|
|
The user can use
|
|
.Xr tcpdump 1
|
|
to check the packet flow over the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports PPP over TCP capability.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.It Supports IETF draft Predictor-1 compression.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
supports not only VJ-compression but also Predictor-1 compression.
|
|
Normally, a modem has built-in compression (e.g. v42.bis) and the system
|
|
may receive higher data rates from it as a result of such compression.
|
|
While this is generally a good thing in most other situations, this
|
|
higher speed data imposes a penalty on the system by increasing the
|
|
number of serial interrupts the system has to process in talking to the
|
|
modem and also increases latency. Unlike VJ-compression, Predictor-1
|
|
compression pre-compresses
|
|
.Em all
|
|
data flowing through the link, thus reducing overhead to a minimum.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports Microsofts IPCP extentions.
|
|
Name Server Addresses and NetBIOS Name Server Addresses can be negotiated
|
|
with clients using the Microsoft
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
stack (ie. Win95, WinNT)
|
|
|
|
.It Runs under BSDI-1.1 and FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patches for NeXTSTEP 3.2 are also available on the net.
|
|
|
|
.Sh GETTING STARTED
|
|
|
|
When you first run
|
|
.Nm
|
|
you may need to deal with some initial configuration details. First,
|
|
your kernel should include a tunnel device (the default in FreeBSD 2.0.5
|
|
and later). If it doesn't, you'll need to rebuild your kernel with the
|
|
following line in your kernel configuration file:
|
|
|
|
.Dl pseudo-device tun 1
|
|
|
|
You should set the numeric field to the maximum number of
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connections you wish to support.
|
|
|
|
Second, check your
|
|
.Pa /dev
|
|
directory for the tunnel device entry
|
|
.Pa /dev/tun0.
|
|
If it doesn't exist, you can create it by running "MAKEDEV tun0"
|
|
|
|
.Sh MANUAL DIALING
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
.Nm
|
|
User Process PPP written by Toshiharu OHNO.
|
|
|
|
* If you set your hostname and password in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret ,
|
|
you can't do
|
|
anything except run the quit and help commands *
|
|
|
|
ppp on "your hostname"> help
|
|
passwd : Password for security
|
|
quit : Quit the PPP program
|
|
help : Display this message
|
|
|
|
ppp on tama> pass <password>
|
|
|
|
* "on" will change to "ON" if you specify the correct password. *
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama>
|
|
|
|
* You can now specify the device name, speed and parity
|
|
for your modem, and whether
|
|
CTS/RTS signalling should be used (CTS/RTS is used by default).
|
|
If your hardware does not provide CTS/RTS lines (as
|
|
may happen when you are connected directly to certain ppp-capable
|
|
terminal servers),
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will never send any output through the port; it
|
|
waits for a signal which never comes.
|
|
Thus, if you have a direct line and can't seem to make
|
|
a connection, try turning ctsrts off: *
|
|
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> set line /dev/cuaa0
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> set speed 38400
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> set parity even
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> set ctsrts on
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> show modem
|
|
|
|
* Modem related parameters are shown in here *
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama>
|
|
|
|
* Use term command to talk with your modem *
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> term
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
atdt123456
|
|
CONNECT
|
|
|
|
login: ppp
|
|
Password:
|
|
|
|
* PPP started in remote side. When the peer start to talk PPP, the
|
|
program will detect it automatically and return to command mode. *
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama>
|
|
|
|
.Nm PPP
|
|
ON tama>
|
|
|
|
* NOW, you are connected! Note that
|
|
.Sq PPP
|
|
in the prompt has changed to capital letters to indicate this. *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama> show lcp
|
|
|
|
* You'll see LCP status *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama> show ipcp
|
|
|
|
* You'll see IPCP status. At this point, your machine has a host route
|
|
to the peer. If you want to add a default route entry, then enter the
|
|
following command. *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama> add 0 0 HISADDR
|
|
|
|
* The string
|
|
.Sq HISADDR
|
|
represents the IP address of connected peer. *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama>
|
|
|
|
* Use network applications (i.e. ping, telnet, ftp) in other windows *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama> show log
|
|
|
|
* Gives you some logging messages *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama> close
|
|
|
|
* The connection is closed and modem will be disconnected. *
|
|
|
|
ppp ON tama> quit
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
.Sh AUTOMATIC DIALING
|
|
|
|
To use automatic dialing, you must prepare some Dial and Login chat scripts.
|
|
See the example definitions in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
(the format of ppp.conf is pretty simple).
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
Each line contains one command, label or comment.
|
|
.It
|
|
A line starting with a
|
|
.Sq #
|
|
character is treated as a comment line.
|
|
.It
|
|
A label name has to start in the first column and should be followed by
|
|
a colon (:).
|
|
.It
|
|
A command line must contain a space or tab in the first column.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
Once ppp.conf is ready, specify the destination label name when you
|
|
invoke
|
|
.Nm ppp .
|
|
Commands associated with the destination label are then
|
|
executed. Note that the commands associated with the
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
label are ALWAYS executed.
|
|
|
|
Once the connection is made, you'll find that the
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
portion of the prompt has changed to
|
|
.Nm PPP .
|
|
|
|
% ppp pm2
|
|
...
|
|
ppp ON tama> dial
|
|
dial OK!
|
|
login OK!
|
|
PPP ON tama>
|
|
|
|
If the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
file is available, its contents are executed
|
|
when the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection is established. See the provided example which adds a
|
|
default route. The string HISADDR represents the IP address of the
|
|
remote peer.
|
|
|
|
.Sh BACKGROUND DIALING
|
|
|
|
If you want to establish a connection using
|
|
.Nm ppp non-interactively (such as from a
|
|
.Xr crontab(5)
|
|
entry or an
|
|
.Xr at(1)
|
|
script) you should use the
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
option. You must also specify the destination label in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
to use.
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to establish the connection. If this attempt fails,
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
exits immediately with a non-zero exit code.
|
|
|
|
If it succeeds, then
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
becomes a daemon, and returns an exit status of zero to its caller.
|
|
The daemon exits automatically if the connection is dropped by the
|
|
remote system, or it receives a TERM signal.
|
|
|
|
The file
|
|
.Pa /var/run/ppp.tun0.pid
|
|
contains the process id number of the
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
program that is using the tunnel device tun0.
|
|
|
|
.Sh DIAL ON DEMAND
|
|
|
|
To play with demand dialing, you must use the
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
option. You must also specify the destination label in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
to use. It should contain the
|
|
.Dq ifaddr
|
|
command to define the remote peer's IP address. (refer to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample )
|
|
|
|
% ppp -auto pm2demand
|
|
...
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
runs as a daemon but you can still configure or examine its
|
|
configuration by using the diagnostic port as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
% telnet localhost 3000
|
|
Trying 127.0.0.1...
|
|
Connected to localhost.spec.co.jp.
|
|
Escape character is '^]'.
|
|
User Process PPP. Written by Toshiharu OHNO.
|
|
Working as auto mode.
|
|
PPP on tama> show ipcp
|
|
what ?
|
|
PPP on tama> pass xxxx
|
|
PPP ON tama> show ipcp
|
|
IPCP [OPEND]
|
|
his side: xxxx
|
|
....
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each
|
|
.Nm
|
|
daemon has an associated port number which is computed as "3000 +
|
|
tunnel_device_number". If 3000 is not good base number, edit defs.h in
|
|
the ppp sources (
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp )
|
|
and recompile it.
|
|
|
|
When an outgoing packet is detected,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will perform the dialing action (chat script) and try to connect
|
|
with the peer.
|
|
|
|
If the connect fails, the default behavior is to wait 30 seconds
|
|
and then attempt to connect when another outgoing packet is detected.
|
|
This behavior can be changed with
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial seconds|random[.nseconds|random] [dial_attempts]
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Sq Seconds
|
|
is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
|
|
to connect again. If the argument is
|
|
.Sq random ,
|
|
the delay period is a random value between 0 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.Sq Nseconds
|
|
is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
|
|
to dial the next number in a list of numbers (see the
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
command). The default is 3 seconds. Again, if the argument is
|
|
.Sq random ,
|
|
the delay period is a random value between 0 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.Sq dial_attempts
|
|
is the number of times to try to connect for each outgoing packet
|
|
that is received. The previous value is unchanged if this parameter
|
|
is omitted. If a value of zero is specified for
|
|
.Sq dial_attempts ,
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
will keep trying until a connection is made.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10.3 4
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will attempt to connect 4 times for each outgoing packet that is
|
|
detected with a 3 second delay between each number and a 10 second
|
|
delay after all numbers have been tried. If multiple phone numbers
|
|
are specified, the total number of attempts is still 4 (it does not
|
|
attempt each number 4 times).
|
|
|
|
Modifying the dial delay is very useful when running
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in demand
|
|
dial mode on both ends of the link. If each end has the same timeout,
|
|
both ends wind up calling each other at the same time if the link
|
|
drops and both ends have packets queued.
|
|
|
|
At some locations, the serial link may not be reliable, and carrier
|
|
may be lost at inappropriate times. It is possible to have
|
|
.Nm
|
|
redial should carrier be unexpectedly lost during a session.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set reconnect timeout ntries
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
This command tells ppp to re-establish the connection
|
|
.Ar ntries
|
|
times on loss of carrier with a pause of
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
seconds before each try. For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set reconnect 3 5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
that on an unexpected loss of carrier, it should wait
|
|
.Ar 3
|
|
seconds before attempting to reconnect. This may happen up to
|
|
.Ar 5
|
|
times before
|
|
.Nm
|
|
gives up. The default value of ntries is zero (no redial). Care
|
|
should be taken with this option. If the local timeout is slightly
|
|
longer than the remote timeout, the reconnect feature will always be
|
|
triggered (up to the given number of times) after the remote side
|
|
times out and hangs up.
|
|
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
flag is specified, all phone numbers are dialed at most once until
|
|
a connection is made. The next number redial period specified with
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq set redial
|
|
command is honoured, as is the reconnect tries value.
|
|
|
|
To terminate the program, type
|
|
|
|
PPP ON tama> close
|
|
ppp ON tama> quit all
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A simple
|
|
.Dq quit
|
|
command will terminate the telnet connection but not the program itself.
|
|
You must use
|
|
.Dq quit all
|
|
to terminate the program as well.
|
|
|
|
.Sh PACKET ALIASING
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
command line option enables packet aliasing. This allows the
|
|
ppp host to act as a masquerading gateway for other computers over
|
|
a local area network. Outgoing IP packets are are aliased so that
|
|
they appear to come from the ppp host, and incoming packets are
|
|
de-aliased so that they are routed to the correct machine on the
|
|
local area network.
|
|
|
|
Packet aliasing allows computers on private, unregistered
|
|
subnets to have internet access, although they are invisible
|
|
from the outside world.
|
|
|
|
In general, correct ppp operation should first be verified
|
|
with packet aliasing disabled. Then, the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
option should be switched on, and network applications (web browser,
|
|
telnet, ftp, ping, traceroute) should be checked on the ppp host.
|
|
Finally, the same or similar applications should be checked on other
|
|
computers in the LAN.
|
|
|
|
If network applications work correctly on the ppp host, but not on
|
|
other machines in the LAN, then the masquerading software is working
|
|
properly, but the host is either not forwarding or possibly receiving
|
|
IP packets. Check that IP forwarding is enabled in /etc/sysconfig
|
|
and that other machines have designated the ppp host as the gateway
|
|
for the LAN.
|
|
|
|
.Sh PACKET FILTERING
|
|
|
|
This implementation supports packet filtering. There are three kinds of
|
|
filters: ifilter, ofilter and dfilter. Here are the basics:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
A filter definition has the following syntax:
|
|
|
|
set filter-name rule-no action [src_addr/src_width] [dst_addr/dst_width]
|
|
[proto [src [lt|eq|gt] port ]] [dst [lt|eq|gt] port] [estab]
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq filter-name
|
|
should be one of ifilter, ofilter, or dfilter.
|
|
.It
|
|
There are two actions:
|
|
.Sq permit
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq deny .
|
|
If a given packet
|
|
matches the rule, the associated action is taken immediately.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq src_width
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq dst_width
|
|
work like a netmask to represent an address range.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq proto
|
|
must be one of icmp, udp or tcp.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq port number
|
|
can be specified by number and service name from
|
|
.Pa /etc/services .
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Each filter can hold up to 20 rules, starting from rule 0.
|
|
|
|
The entire rule set is not effective until rule 0 is defined.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
If no rule is matched to a packet, that packet will be discarded
|
|
(blocked).
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set filter-name -1
|
|
to flush all rules.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.filter.example .
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 1)
|
|
|
|
To handle an incoming
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection request, follow these steps:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Make sure the modem and (optionally)
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.serial
|
|
is configured correctly.
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
Use Hardware Handshake (CTS/RTS) for flow control.
|
|
.It
|
|
Modem should be set to NO echo back (ATE0) and NO results string (ATQ1).
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/ttys
|
|
to enable a getty on the port where the modem is attached.
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.Dl ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" dialup on secure
|
|
|
|
Don't forget to send a HUP signal to the init process to start the getty.
|
|
|
|
.Dl # kill -HUP 1
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Prepare an account for the incoming user.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ppp:xxxx:66:66:PPP Login User:/home/ppp:/usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Create a
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
file with the following contents:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh -p
|
|
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
(You can specify a label name for further control.)
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Direct mode (
|
|
.Fl direct )
|
|
lets
|
|
.Nm
|
|
work with stdin and stdout. You can also telnet to port 3000 to get
|
|
command mode control in the same manner as client-side
|
|
.Nm.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Optional support for Microsoft's IPCP Name Server and NetBIOS
|
|
Name Server negotiation can be enabled use
|
|
.Dq enable msext
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set ns pri-addr [sec-addr]
|
|
along with
|
|
.Dq set nbns pri-addr [sec-addr]
|
|
in your ppp.conf file
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 2)
|
|
|
|
This method differs in that it recommends the use of
|
|
.Em mgetty+sendfax
|
|
to handle the modem connections. The latest version 0.99
|
|
can be compiled with the
|
|
.Dq AUTO_PPP
|
|
option to allow detection of clients speaking PPP to the login
|
|
prompt.
|
|
|
|
Follow these steps:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Get, configure, and install mgetty+sendfax v0.99 or later (beta)
|
|
making sure you have used the AUTO_PPP option.
|
|
.It
|
|
Edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/ttys
|
|
to enable a mgetty on the port where the modem is attached.
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.Dl cuaa1 "/usr/local/sbin/mgetty -s 57600" dialup on
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Prepare an account for the incoming user.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
Pfred:xxxx:66:66:Fred's PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Examine the files
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp-dialup
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp-pap-dialup
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp.conf
|
|
for ideas. ppp-pap-dialup is supposed to be called from
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.conf
|
|
from a line like
|
|
|
|
.Dl /AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh SETTING IDLE, LINE QUALITY REQUEST, RETRY TIMER
|
|
|
|
To check/set idletimer, use the
|
|
.Dq show timeout
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set timeout [lqrtimer [retrytimer]]
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
Ex:
|
|
.Dl ppp ON tama> set timeout 600
|
|
|
|
The timeout period is measured in seconds, the default values for which
|
|
are timeout = 180 or 3 min, lqrtimer = 30sec and retrytimer = 3sec.
|
|
To disable the idle timer function,
|
|
use the command
|
|
.Dq set timeout 0 .
|
|
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, an idle timeout causes the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
session to be
|
|
closed, though the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program itself remains running. Another trigger packet will cause it to
|
|
attempt to reestablish the link.
|
|
|
|
.Sh Predictor-1 compression
|
|
|
|
This version supports CCP and Predictor type 1 compression based on
|
|
the current IETF-draft specs. As a default behavior,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to use (or be willing to accept) this capability when the
|
|
peer agrees (or requests it).
|
|
|
|
To disable CCP/predictor functionality completely, use the
|
|
.Dq disable pred1
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq deny pred1
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
.Sh Controlling IP address
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses IPCP to negotiate IP addresses. Each side of the connection
|
|
specifies the IP address that it's willing to use, and if the requested
|
|
IP address is acceptable then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns ACK to the requester. Otherwise,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns NAK to suggest that the peer use a different IP address. When
|
|
both sides of the connection agree to accept the received request (and
|
|
send ACK), IPCP is set to the open state and a network level connection
|
|
is established.
|
|
|
|
To control this IPCP behavior, this implementation has the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command for defining the local and remote IP address:
|
|
|
|
.Nm set ifaddr
|
|
.Op src_addr Op dst_addr Op netmask Op trg_addr
|
|
|
|
Where,
|
|
.Sq src_addr
|
|
is the IP address that the local side is willing to use and
|
|
.Sq dst_addr
|
|
is the IP address which the remote side should use.
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
is interface netmask.
|
|
.Sq trg_addr
|
|
is the IP address which used in address negotiation.
|
|
|
|
Ex:
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 192.244.177.38 192.244.177.2 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
|
The above specification means:
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I strongly want to use 192.244.177.38 as my IP address, and I'll
|
|
disagree if the peer suggests that I use another address.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
I strongly insist that peer use 192.244.177.2 as own side address and
|
|
don't permit it to use any IP address but 192.244.177.2. When peer
|
|
request another IP address, I always suggest that it use 192.244.177.2.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
My interface netmask will be 255.255.255.0.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
This is all fine when each side has a pre-determined IP address, however
|
|
it is often the case that one side is acting as a server which controls
|
|
all IP addresses and the other side should obey the direction from it.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
In order to allow more flexible behavior, `ifaddr' variable allows the
|
|
user to specify IP address more loosely:
|
|
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 192.244.177.38/24 192.244.177.2/20
|
|
|
|
A number followed by a slash (/) represent the number of bits significant in
|
|
the IP address. The above example signifies that:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to use 192.244.177.38 as my address if it is possible, but I'll
|
|
also accept any IP address between 192.244.177.0 and 192.244.177.255.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to make him use 192.244.177.2 as his own address, but I'll also
|
|
permit him to use any IP address between 192.244.176.0 and
|
|
192.244.191.255.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
As you may have already noticed, 192.244.177.2 is equivalent to saying
|
|
192.244.177.2/32.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
As an exception, 0 is equivalent to 0.0.0.0/0, meaning that I have no
|
|
preferred IP address and will obey the remote peer's selection.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
192.244.177.2/0 means that I'll accept/permit any IP address but I'll
|
|
try to insist that 192.244.177.2 be used first.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh Connecting with your service provider
|
|
|
|
The following steps should be taken when connecting to your ISP:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe your provider's phone number(s) in the dial script using the
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
command. This command allows you to set multiple phone numbers for
|
|
dialing and redialing separated by a colon (:). For example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set phone "1234567:2345678"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Here, the first number is attempted. If the connection fails, the second
|
|
number is attempted after the next number redial period. If the second number
|
|
also fails, the first is tried again after the redial period has expired.
|
|
The selected phone number is substituted for the \\T string in the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
command (see below).
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Set up your redial requirements using
|
|
.Dq set redial .
|
|
For example, if you have a bad telephone line or your provider is
|
|
usually engaged (not so common these days), you may want to specify
|
|
the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10 4
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This says that up to 4 phone calls should be attempted with a pause of 10
|
|
seconds before dialing the first number again.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe your login procedure using the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set login
|
|
commands. The
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
command is used to talk to your modem and establish a link with your
|
|
ISP, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \\"\\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This modem "chat" string means:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Abort if the string "BUSY" or "NO CARRIER" are received.
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 4.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect nothing.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send ATZ.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect OK. If that's not received, send ATZ and expect OK.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send ATDTxxxxxxx where xxxxxxx is the next number in the phone list from
|
|
above.
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 60.
|
|
.It
|
|
Wait for the CONNECT string.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
Once the connection is established, the login script is executed. This
|
|
script is written in the same style as the dial script:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set login "TIMEOUT 15 login:-\\\\r-login: awfulhak word: xxx ocol: PPP HELLO"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This login "chat" string means:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 15 seconds.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "login:". If it's not received, send a carriage return and expect
|
|
"login:" again.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "awfulhak"
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "word:" (the tail end of a "Password:" prompt).
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "xxx".
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "ocol:" (the tail end of a "Protocol:" prompt).
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "PPP".
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "HELLO".
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Login scripts vary greatly between ISPs.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set line
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set sp
|
|
to specify your serial line and speed, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set line /dev/cuaa0
|
|
set sp 115200
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Cuaa0 is the first serial port on FreeBSD. Cuaa1 is the second etc. A
|
|
speed of 115200 should be specified if you have a modem capable of bit
|
|
rates of 28800 or more. In general, the serial speed should be about
|
|
four times the modem speed.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the IP address.
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
If you know what IP address your provider uses, then use it as the remote
|
|
address, otherwise choose something like 10.0.0.2/0 (see below).
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider has assigned a particular IP address to you, then use
|
|
it as your address.
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider assigns your address dynamically, choose a suitably
|
|
unobtrusive and unspecific IP number as your address. 10.0.0.1/0 would
|
|
be appropriate. The bit after the / specifies how many bits of the
|
|
address you consider to be important, so if you wanted to insist on
|
|
something in the class C network 1.2.3.0, you could specify 1.2.3.0/24.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An example for a connection where you don't know your IP number or your
|
|
ISPs IP number would be:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
In most cases, your ISP will also be your default router. If this is
|
|
the case, add the lines
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
delete ALL
|
|
add 0 0 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This tells
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
to delete all routing entries already made by
|
|
.Nm ppp ,
|
|
then to add a default route to HISADDR. HISADDR is a macro meaning the
|
|
"other side"s IP number.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you're using dynamic IP numbers, you must also put these two lines
|
|
in the
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup
|
|
file. Then, once the link has been established and
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
knows the actual IP numbers in use, all previous (and probably incorrect)
|
|
entries are deleted and a default to the correct IP number is added. Use
|
|
the same label as the one used in
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If commands are being typed interactively, the only requirement is
|
|
to type
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
add 0 0 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
after a successful dial.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider requests that you use PAP/CHAP authentication methods, add
|
|
the next lines to your
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
enable pap (or enable chap)
|
|
disable chap (or disable pap)
|
|
set authname MyName
|
|
set authkey MyPassword
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
It is also worth adding the following line:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set openmode active
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This tells
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
to initiate LCP. Without this line, there's a possibility
|
|
of both sides of the connection just sitting there and looking at
|
|
eachother rather than communicating.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
Please refer to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample
|
|
for some real examples. The pmdemand label should be appropriate for most
|
|
ISPs.
|
|
|
|
.Sh Logging facility
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is able to generate the following log info into
|
|
.Pa /var/log/ppp.tun0.log :
|
|
|
|
.Bl -column SMMMMMM -offset indent -compat
|
|
.It Li Phase Phase transition log output
|
|
.It Li Chat Generate Chat script trace log
|
|
.It Li Connect Generate complete Chat log
|
|
.It Li Carrier Log Chat lines with 'CARRIER'
|
|
.It Li LQM Generate LQR report
|
|
.It Li LCP Generate LCP/IPCP packet trace
|
|
.It Li Link Log address assignments and link up/down events
|
|
.It Li TCP/IP Dump TCP/IP packet
|
|
.It Li HDLC Dump HDLC packet in hex
|
|
.It Li Async Dump async level packet in hex
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set debug
|
|
command allows you to set logging output level, of which
|
|
multiple levels can be specified. The default is equivalent to
|
|
.Dq set debug carrier link phase .
|
|
|
|
If a HUP signal is received, the log file is closed and re-opened
|
|
to facilitate log file rotation.
|
|
|
|
.Sh MORE DETAILS
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
Please read the Japanese doc for complete explanation. It may not be
|
|
useful for non-japanese readers, but examples in the document may help
|
|
you to guess.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Please read example configuration files.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq help ,
|
|
.Dq show ? ,
|
|
.Dq set ?
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set ? <var>
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
NetBSD and BSDI-1.0 were supported in previous releases but are no
|
|
longer supported in this release. Please contact the author if you need
|
|
old driver code.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Nm
|
|
refers to three files: ppp.conf, ppp.linkup and ppp.secret.
|
|
These files are placed in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp ,
|
|
but the user can create his own files under his $HOME directory as
|
|
.Pa .ppp.conf ,
|
|
.Pa .ppp.linkup
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa .ppp.secret.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will always try to consult the user's personal setup first.
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width flag
|
|
.Pa $HOME/ppp/.ppp.[conf|linkup|secret]
|
|
User dependent configuration files.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
System default configuration file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
An authorization file for each system.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
A file to check when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
establishes a network level connection.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/log/ppp.tun0.log
|
|
Logging and debugging information file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/spool/lock/Lck..*
|
|
tty port locking file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/run/PPP.system
|
|
Holds the pid for ppp -auto system.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/run/ppp.tun0.pid
|
|
The process id (pid) of the ppp program connected to the ppp0 device.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/services
|
|
Get port number if port number is using service name.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr chat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pppd 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
This program was submitted in FreeBSD-2.0.5 Atsushi Murai (amurai@spec.co.jp).
|
|
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
Toshiharu OHNO (tony-o@iij.ad.jp)
|