406 lines
12 KiB
Groff
406 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)restore.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\"
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.Dd December 11, 1993
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.Dt RESTORE 8
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm restore
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.Nd "restore files or file systems from backups made with dump"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm restore
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.Ar key
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.Op Ar name Ar ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm restore
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command performs the inverse function of
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.Xr dump 8 .
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A full backup of a file system may be restored and
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subsequent incremental backups layered on top of it.
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Single files and
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directory subtrees may be restored from full or partial
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backups.
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.Nm Restore
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works across a network;
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to do this see the
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.Fl f
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flag described below.
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The actions
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of
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.Nm restore
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are controlled by the given
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.Cm key ,
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which
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is a string of characters containing
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at most one function letter and possibly
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one or more function modifiers.
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Other arguments to the command are file or directory
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names specifying the files that are to be restored.
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Unless the
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.Cm h
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key is specified (see below),
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the appearance of a directory name refers to
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the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory.
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.Pp
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The function portion of
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the key is specified by one of the following letters:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm r
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Restore (rebuild a file system).
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The target file system should be made pristine with
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.Xr newfs 8 ,
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mounted and the
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user
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.Xr cd Ns 'd
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into the pristine file system
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before starting the restoration of the initial level 0 backup. If the
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level 0 restores successfully, the
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.Cm r
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key may be used to restore
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any necessary incremental backups on top of the level 0.
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The
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.Cm r
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key precludes an interactive file extraction and can be
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detrimental to one's health if not used carefully (not to mention
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the disk). An example:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
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mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
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cd /mnt
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restore rf /dev/rst8
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Note that
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.Nm restore
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leaves a file
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.Pa restoresymtable
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in the root directory to pass information between incremental
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restore passes.
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This file should be removed when the last incremental has been
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restored.
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.Pp
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.Nm Restore ,
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in conjunction with
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.Xr newfs 8
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and
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.Xr dump 8 ,
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may be used to modify file system parameters
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such as size or block size.
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.It Cm R
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.Nm Restore
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requests a particular tape of a multi volume set on which to restart
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a full restore
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(see the
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.Cm r
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key above).
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This is useful if the restore has been interrupted.
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.It Cm x
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The named files are read from the given media.
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If a named file matches a directory whose contents
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are on the backup
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and the
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.Cm h
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key is not specified,
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the directory is recursively extracted.
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The owner, modification time,
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and mode are restored (if possible).
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If no file argument is given,
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then the root directory is extracted,
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which results in the entire content of the
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backup being extracted,
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unless the
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.Cm h
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key has been specified.
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.It Cm t
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The names of the specified files are listed if they occur
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on the backup.
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If no file argument is given,
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then the root directory is listed,
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which results in the entire content of the
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backup being listed,
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unless the
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.Cm h
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key has been specified.
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Note that the
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.Cm t
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key replaces the function of the old
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.Xr dumpdir 8
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program.
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.It Cm i
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This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump.
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After reading in the directory information from the dump,
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.Nm restore
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provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move
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around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted.
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The available commands are given below;
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for those commands that require an argument,
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the default is the current directory.
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic add Op Ar arg
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The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of
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files to be extracted.
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If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are
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added to the extraction list
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(unless the
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.Cm h
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key is specified on the command line).
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Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a ``*''
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when they are listed by
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.Ic ls .
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.It Ic \&cd Ar arg
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Change the current working directory to the specified argument.
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.It Ic delete Op Ar arg
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The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of
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files to be extracted.
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If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are
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deleted from the extraction list
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(unless the
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.Cm h
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key is specified on the command line).
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The most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory
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is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete
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those files that are not needed.
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.It Ic extract
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All the files that are on the extraction list are extracted
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from the dump.
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.Nm Restore
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will ask which volume the user wishes to mount.
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The fastest way to extract a few files is to
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start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.
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.It Ic help
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List a summary of the available commands.
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.It Ic \&ls Op Ar arg
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List the current or specified directory.
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Entries that are directories are appended with a ``/''.
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Entries that have been marked for extraction are prepended with a ``*''.
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If the verbose key is set the inode number of each entry is also listed.
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.It Ic pwd
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Print the full pathname of the current working directory.
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.It Ic quit
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Restore immediately exits,
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even if the extraction list is not empty.
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.It Ic setmodes
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All the directories that have been added to the extraction list
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have their owner, modes, and times set;
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nothing is extracted from the dump.
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This is useful for cleaning up after a restore has been prematurely aborted.
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.It Ic verbose
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The sense of the
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.Cm v
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key is toggled.
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When set, the verbose key causes the
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.Ic ls
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command to list the inode numbers of all entries.
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It also causes
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.Nm restore
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to print out information about each file as it is extracted.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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The following characters may be used in addition to the letter
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that selects the function desired.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm b
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The next argument to
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.Nm restore
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is used as the block size of the media (in kilobytes).
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If the
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.Fl b
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option is not specified,
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.Nm restore
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tries to determine the media block size dynamically.
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.It Cm f
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The next argument to
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.Nm restore
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is used as the name of the archive instead
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of
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.Pa /dev/rmt? .
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If the name of the file is of the form
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.Dq host:file ,
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.Nm restore
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reads from the named file on the remote host using
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.Xr rmt 8 .
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If the name of the file is
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.Ql Fl ,
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.Nm restore
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reads from standard input.
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Thus,
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.Xr dump 8
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and
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.Nm restore
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can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system
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with the command
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.It Cm h
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.Nm Restore
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extracts the actual directory,
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rather than the files that it references.
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This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees
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from the dump.
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.It Cm m
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.Nm Restore
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will extract by inode numbers rather than by file name.
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This is useful if only a few files are being extracted,
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and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname
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to the file.
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.It Cm s
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The next argument to
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.Nm restore
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is a number which
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selects the file on a multi-file dump tape. File numbering
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starts at 1.
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.It Cm v
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Normally
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.Nm restore
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does its work silently.
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The
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.Cm v
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(verbose)
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key causes it to type the name of each file it treats
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preceded by its file type.
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.It Cm y
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.Nm Restore
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will not ask whether it should abort the restore if it gets an error.
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It will always try to skip over the bad block(s) and continue as
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best it can.
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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Complaints about bad key characters.
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.Pp
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Complaints if it gets a read error.
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If
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.Cm y
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has been specified, or the user responds
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.Ql y ,
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.Nm restore
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will attempt to continue the restore.
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.Pp
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If a backup was made using more than one tape volume,
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.Nm restore
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will notify the user when it is time to mount the next volume.
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If the
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.Cm x
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or
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.Cm i
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key has been specified,
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.Nm restore
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will also ask which volume the user wishes to mount.
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The fastest way to extract a few files is to
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start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.
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.Pp
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There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
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.Nm restore .
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Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never happen''.
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Common errors are given below.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
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.It Converting to new file system format.
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A dump tape created from the old file system has been loaded.
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It is automatically converted to the new file system format.
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.Pp
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.It <filename>: not found on tape
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The specified file name was listed in the tape directory,
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but was not found on the tape.
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This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file,
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and from using a dump tape created on an active file system.
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.Pp
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.It expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>
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A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
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This can occur when using a dump created on an active file system.
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.Pp
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.It Incremental dump too low
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When doing incremental restore,
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a dump that was written before the previous incremental dump,
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or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded.
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.Pp
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.It Incremental dump too high
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When doing incremental restore,
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a dump that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental
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dump left off,
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or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded.
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.Pp
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.It Tape read error while restoring <filename>
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.It Tape read error while skipping over inode <inumber>
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.It Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
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A tape (or other media) read error has occurred.
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If a file name is specified,
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then its contents are probably partially wrong.
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If an inode is being skipped or the tape is trying to resynchronize,
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then no extracted files have been corrupted,
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though files may not be found on the tape.
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.Pp
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.It resync restore, skipped <num> blocks
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After a dump read error,
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.Nm restore
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may have to resynchronize itself.
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This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "./restoresymtable" -compact
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.It Pa /dev/rmt?
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the default tape drive
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.It Pa /tmp/rstdir*
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file containing directories on the tape.
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.It Pa /tmp/rstmode*
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owner, mode, and time stamps for directories.
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.It Pa \&./restoresymtable
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information passed between incremental restores.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr dump 8 ,
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.Xr newfs 8 ,
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.Xr mount 8 ,
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.Xr mkfs 8 ,
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.Xr rmt 8
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.Sh BUGS
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.Nm Restore
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can get confused when doing incremental restores from
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dump that were made on active file systems.
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.Pp
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A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.
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Because restore runs in user code,
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it has no control over inode allocation;
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thus a full restore must be done to get a new set of directories
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reflecting the new inode numbering,
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even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm restore
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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