1076 lines
31 KiB
Groff
1076 lines
31 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 5, 2005
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl m
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.Ar interface
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.Op Cm create
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm
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.Ar interface
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.Cm destroy
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.Nm
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Fl C
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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The
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.Nm
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utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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.Pp
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It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
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slash notation) to include the netmask.
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That is, one can specify an address like
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.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
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.Pp
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For
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.Dq inet6
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family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
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notation, like
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.Li ::1/128 .
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See the
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.Cm prefixlen
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parameter below for more information.
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.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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.\" addresses are
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.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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.\" where
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.\" .Ar net
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.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
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.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.\" .Ar a
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.\" through
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.\" .Ar f ,
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.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
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.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
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.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
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.\" which use the hardware physical address,
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.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
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.\" For the
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.\" .Tn ISO
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.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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.\" as in the Xerox family.
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.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
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.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.Pp
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The link-level
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.Pq Dq link
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address
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is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
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This can be used to
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e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
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mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
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If the interface is already
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up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
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then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
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filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specify the
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address family
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq ipx ,
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.\" .Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq link .
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.\" and
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.\" .Dq ns .
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The default is
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.Dq inet .
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.Dq ether
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and
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.Dq lladdr
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are synonyms for
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.Dq link .
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Ar interface
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This
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq Li ed0 .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm add
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Another name for the
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.Cm alias
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parameter.
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Introduced for compatibility
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with
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.Bsx .
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
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for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
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Usually
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.Li 0xffffffff
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is most appropriate.
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.It Fl alias
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Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.It Cm anycast
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(Inet6 only.)
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Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
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Based on the current specification,
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only routers may configure anycast addresses.
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Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
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IPv6 packets.
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.It Cm arp
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Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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.Pq Xr arp 4
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in mapping
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between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
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This is currently implemented for mapping between
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet
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addresses and
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.Tn IEEE
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802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
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.It Fl arp
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Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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.Pq Xr arp 4 .
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.It Cm staticarp
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If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
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the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
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and will never send any requests.
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.It Fl staticarp
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If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
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the host will perform normally,
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sending out requests and listening for replies.
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.It Cm broadcast
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(Inet only.)
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Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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.It Cm debug
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Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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extra console error logging.
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.It Fl debug
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Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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.It Cm promisc
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Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
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.It Fl promisc
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Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
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.It Cm delete
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Another name for the
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.Fl alias
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parameter.
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.It Cm down
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Mark an interface
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.Dq down .
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When an interface is marked
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.Dq down ,
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the system will not attempt to
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transmit messages through that interface.
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If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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.It Cm eui64
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(Inet6 only.)
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Fill interface index
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(lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
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automatically.
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.It Cm ipdst
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This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote network.
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An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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the address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network
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of the destination.
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.It Cm maclabel Ar label
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If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel,
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set the MAC label to
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.Ar label .
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.\" (see
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.\" .Xr maclabel 7 ) .
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.It Cm media Ar type
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
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of the interface to
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.Ar type .
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Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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different physical media connectors.
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For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
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interface might support the use of either
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.Tn AUI
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or twisted pair connectors.
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Setting the media type to
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.Dq Li 10base5/AUI
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would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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Setting it to
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.Dq Li 10baseT/UTP
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would activate twisted pair.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver
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specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
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available types.
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.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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media options on the interface.
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The
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.Ar opts
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argument
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is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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list of available options.
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.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
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specified media options on the interface.
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.It Cm mode Ar mode
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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operating mode on the interface to
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.Ar mode .
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For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
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this directive is used to select between 802.11a
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.Pq Dq Li 11a ,
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802.11b
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.Pq Dq Li 11b ,
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and 802.11g
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.Pq Dq Li 11g
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operating modes.
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.It Cm name Ar name
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Set the interface name to
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.Ar name .
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.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
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If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
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enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
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Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
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of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
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The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
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support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
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.It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
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If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
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disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
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These settings may not always be independent of each other.
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.It Cm polling
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If the driver has user-configurable
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.Xr polling 4
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support, select the polling mode on the interface.
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.It Fl polling
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If the driver has user-configurable
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.Xr polling 4
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support, select the interrupt mode on the interface.
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.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
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(IP tunnel devices only.)
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Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces
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.Pq Xr gif 4 .
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The arguments
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.Ar src_addr
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and
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.Ar dest_addr
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are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
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IPv4/IPv6 header.
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.It Cm deletetunnel
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Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces previously configured with
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.Cm tunnel .
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.It Cm create
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Create the specified network pseudo-device.
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If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
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device with an arbitrary unit number.
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If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
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printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
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in the same
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.Nm
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invocation.
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.It Cm destroy
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Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
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.It Cm plumb
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Another name for the
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.Cm create
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parameter.
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Included for
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.Tn Solaris
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compatibility.
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.It Cm unplumb
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Another name for the
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.Cm destroy
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parameter.
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Included for
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.Tn Solaris
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compatibility.
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.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
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If the interface is a
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.Xr vlan 4
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pseudo interface, set the VLAN tag value
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to
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.Ar vlan_tag .
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|
This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
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VLAN header for packets sent from the
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.Xr vlan 4
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interface.
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Note that
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.Cm vlan
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and
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.Cm vlandev
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must both be set at the same time.
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.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
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If the interface is a
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.Xr vlan 4
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pseudo device, associate physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with it.
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Packets transmitted through the
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.Xr vlan 4
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interface will be
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diverted to the specified physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
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Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
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by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
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the associated
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.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo-interface.
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|
The
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.Xr vlan 4
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interface is assigned a
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copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
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The
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.Cm vlandev
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and
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.Cm vlan
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must both be set at the same time.
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If the
|
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.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface already has
|
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a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
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|
To
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change the association to another physical interface, the existing
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|
association must be cleared first.
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|
.Pp
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|
Note: if the hardware tagging capability
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|
is set on the parent interface, the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo
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interface's behavior changes:
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|
the
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface recognizes that the
|
|
parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
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|
own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
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|
the parent unaltered.
|
|
.It Fl vlandev Ar iface
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|
If the driver is a
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
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|
.Ar iface
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|
from it.
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|
This breaks the link between the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface and its parent,
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|
clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
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|
.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
|
|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
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|
respectively.
|
|
Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
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|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
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|
not on a
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface itself.
|
|
.It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
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|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
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|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
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|
respectively.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
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|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
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|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
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|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default is interface specific.
|
|
The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
|
|
interface.
|
|
Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
|
|
range restrictions.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
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|
.\" (Inet and ISO.)
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading
|
|
.Ql 0x ,
|
|
with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
|
|
portion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
|
|
See the
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|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that
|
|
.Ar len
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|
bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar len
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|
must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
|
|
It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
|
|
If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
|
|
See the
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|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" Xr eon 5 .
|
|
.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
|
|
.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
|
|
.\" only)
|
|
.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
|
|
.\" taken to be the
|
|
.\" .Tn NET
|
|
.\" (Network Entity Title).
|
|
.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
|
|
.\" .Tn GOSIP .
|
|
.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
|
|
.\" it is really the
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" which is being specified.
|
|
.\" For example, in
|
|
.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
|
|
.\" 20 hex digits should be
|
|
.\" specified in the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
|
|
.\" to be assigned to the interface.
|
|
.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
|
|
.\" for
|
|
.\" .Tn AFI
|
|
.\" 37 type addresses.
|
|
.It Cm range Ar netrange
|
|
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
|
|
.Ar netrange
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
|
|
Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
|
|
netmasks though
|
|
.Fx
|
|
implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
|
|
.It Cm remove
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.It Cm phase
|
|
The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
|
|
Appletalk network attached to the interface.
|
|
Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
|
|
An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some Ethernet cards.
|
|
Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm monitor
|
|
Put the interface in monitor mode.
|
|
No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
|
|
.Xr bpf 4
|
|
processing.
|
|
.It Fl monitor
|
|
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq up .
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an
|
|
.Dq Nm Cm down .
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm apbridge
|
|
When operating as an access point, pass packets between
|
|
wireless clients directly (default).
|
|
To instead let them pass up through the
|
|
system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
|
|
.Fl apbridge .
|
|
Disabling the internal bridging
|
|
is useful when traffic is to be processed with
|
|
packet filtering.
|
|
.It Cm authmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of
|
|
valid modes is
|
|
.Dq Li none ,
|
|
.Dq Li open ,
|
|
.Dq Li shared
|
|
(shared key),
|
|
.Dq Li 8021x
|
|
(IEEE 802.1x),
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li wpa
|
|
(IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq Li 8021x
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li wpa
|
|
modes are only useful when used an authentication service
|
|
(a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
|
|
operating as an access point).
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm bssid Ar address
|
|
Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
|
|
as a station in a BSS network.
|
|
This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
|
|
To disable a previously selected access point, supply
|
|
.Dq Li any ,
|
|
.Dq Li none ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li -
|
|
for the address.
|
|
This option is useful when more than one access points have the same SSID.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bssid
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm ap .
|
|
.It Cm chanlist Ar channels
|
|
Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
|
|
points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
|
|
channels when operating as an access point.
|
|
The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
|
|
each element in the list representing either a single channel number or a range
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Dq Li a-b .
|
|
Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
|
|
according to the operating characteristics of the device.
|
|
.It Cm channel Ar number
|
|
Set a single desired channel.
|
|
Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
|
|
depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
|
|
Setting
|
|
the channel to
|
|
.Dq Li 0 ,
|
|
.Dq Li any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li -
|
|
will give you the default for your adaptor.
|
|
Many
|
|
adaptors ignore this setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode.
|
|
Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
|
|
instead of the channel number.
|
|
.It Cm hidessid
|
|
When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID
|
|
in beacon frames.
|
|
By default, the SSID is included in beacon frames.
|
|
To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID, use
|
|
.Fl hidessid .
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
Enable powersave operation.
|
|
When operating as a client, the station will conserve power by
|
|
periodically turning off the radio and listening for
|
|
messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
|
|
The station must then retrieve the packets.
|
|
When operating as an access point, the station must honor power
|
|
save operation of associated clients.
|
|
Not all devices support power save operation, either as a client
|
|
or as an access point.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl powersave
|
|
to disable powersave operation.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
|
|
Set the desired max powersave sleep time in milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm protmode Ar technique
|
|
For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
|
|
.Ar technique
|
|
for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
|
|
The set of valid techniques is
|
|
.Dq Li off ,
|
|
.Dq Li cts
|
|
(CTS to self),
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li rtscts
|
|
(RTS/CTS).
|
|
Technique names are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm roaming Ar mode
|
|
When operating as a station, control how the system will
|
|
behave when communication with the current access point
|
|
is broken.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar mode
|
|
argument may be one of
|
|
.Dq Li device
|
|
(leave it to the hardware device to decide),
|
|
.Dq Li auto
|
|
(handle either in the device or the operating system\[em]as appropriate),
|
|
.Dq Li manual
|
|
(do nothing until explicitly instructed).
|
|
By default, the device is left to handle this if it is
|
|
capable; otherwise, the operating system will automatically
|
|
attempt to reestablish communication.
|
|
Manual mode is mostly useful when an application wants to
|
|
control the selection of an access point.
|
|
.It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which
|
|
transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
|
|
RTS
|
|
control frame.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument
|
|
is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2312.
|
|
Not all adaptors support setting the RTS threshold.
|
|
.It Cm ssid Ar ssid
|
|
Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
|
|
The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
|
|
in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
|
|
hexadecimal when preceded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
.It Cm scan
|
|
Display the current set of scanned neighbors and/or trigger a new scan.
|
|
Only the super-user can trigger a scan.
|
|
.It Cm stationname Ar name
|
|
Set the name of this station.
|
|
It appears that the station name is not really part of the IEEE 802.11
|
|
protocol though all interfaces seem to support it.
|
|
As such it only
|
|
seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
|
|
Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
|
|
.It Cm txpower Ar power
|
|
Set the power used to transmit frames.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar power
|
|
argument
|
|
is a unitless value in the range 0 to 100 that is interpreted
|
|
by drivers to derive a device-specific value.
|
|
Out of range values are truncated.
|
|
Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
|
|
the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
|
|
Not all adaptors support changing the transmit power.
|
|
.It Cm wepmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired WEP mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of valid modes is
|
|
.Dq Li off ,
|
|
.Dq Li on ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li mixed .
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq Li mixed
|
|
mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
|
|
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
|
|
On these adaptors,
|
|
.Dq Li on
|
|
means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
|
|
On other adaptors,
|
|
.Dq Li on
|
|
is generally another name for
|
|
.Dq Li mixed .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm weptxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
|
|
.It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
|
|
Set the selected WEP key.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar index
|
|
is not given, key 1 is set.
|
|
A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
|
|
characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
|
|
capabilities of the adaptor.
|
|
It may be specified either as a plain
|
|
string or as a string of hexadecimal digits preceded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
|
|
the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
|
|
In particular, the
|
|
.Tn Windows
|
|
drivers do this mapping differently to
|
|
.Fx .
|
|
A key may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
|
|
Some adaptors support more than four keys.
|
|
If that is the case, then the first four keys
|
|
(1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
|
|
specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
|
|
.It Cm wme
|
|
Enable Wireless Media Extensions (WME) support, if available,
|
|
for the specified interface.
|
|
WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
|
|
efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
|
|
To disable WME support, use
|
|
.Fl wme .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are support for compatibility with other systems:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar ssid
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm ssid
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm station Ar name
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm stationname
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode on .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey key
|
|
Another way of saying:
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Xo
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm addm Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a member of the bridge.
|
|
The interface is put into promiscuous mode
|
|
so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
|
|
.It Cm deletem Ar interface
|
|
Remove the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the bridge.
|
|
Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
|
|
it is removed from the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm maxaddr Ar size
|
|
Set the size of the bridge address cache to
|
|
.Ar size .
|
|
The default is 100 entries.
|
|
.It Cm timeout Ar seconds
|
|
Set the timeout of address cache entries to
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
seconds.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
|
|
The default is 240 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm deladdr Ar address
|
|
Delete
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm flush
|
|
Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm flushall
|
|
Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm discover Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
interface.
|
|
When the bridge has no address cache entry
|
|
(either dynamic or static)
|
|
for the destination address of a packet,
|
|
the bridge will forward the packet to all
|
|
member interfaces marked as
|
|
.Dq discovering .
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -discover Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
For packets without the
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
|
|
or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
|
|
is known to be on the interface's segment.
|
|
.It Cm learn Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq learning
|
|
interface.
|
|
When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
|
|
address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
|
|
destination address on the interface's segment.
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -learn Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq learning
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm stp Ar interface
|
|
Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr if_bridge 4
|
|
driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
|
|
Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
|
|
.It Cm -stp Ar interface
|
|
Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm maxage Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
|
|
The default is 20 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
|
|
packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
|
|
The default is 15 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
|
|
configuration messages.
|
|
The default is 2 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm priority Ar value
|
|
Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
|
|
The default is 32768.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65536.
|
|
.It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree priority of
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
The default is 128.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 255.
|
|
.It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
The default is 55.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65535.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display the capability list and all
|
|
of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
When no arguments are given,
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
is implied.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
|
|
it (or have need for it).
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr carp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr polling 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
|
|
interface configured for IPv6.
|
|
Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
|
|
kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
|
|
be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
|
|
to 0.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you delete such an address using
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
the kernel may act very oddly.
|
|
Do this at your own risk.
|