85ce729794
communicate with another private port. All unicast/broadcast/multicast layer2 traffic is blocked so it works much the same way as using firewall rules but scales better and is generally easier as firewall packages usually do not allow ARP blocking. An example usage would be having a number of customers on separate vlans bridged with a server network. All the vlans are marked private, they can all communicate with the server network unhindered, but can not exchange any traffic whatsoever with each other. Approved by: re (rwatson)
1933 lines
57 KiB
Groff
1933 lines
57 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd July 8, 2007
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl k
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl n
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.Ar interface
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.Op Cm create
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm
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.Ar interface
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.Cm destroy
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.Nm
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl k
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Fl C
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.Nm
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.Op Fl g Ar groupname
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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The
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.Nm
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utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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.Pp
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It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
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slash notation) to include the netmask.
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That is, one can specify an address like
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.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
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.Pp
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For
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.Dq inet6
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family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
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notation, like
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.Li ::1/128 .
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See the
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.Cm prefixlen
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parameter below for more information.
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.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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.\" addresses are
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.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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.\" where
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.\" .Ar net
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.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
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.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.\" .Ar a
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.\" through
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.\" .Ar f ,
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.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
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.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
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.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
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.\" which use the hardware physical address,
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.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
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.\" For the
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.\" .Tn ISO
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.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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.\" as in the Xerox family.
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.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
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.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.Pp
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The link-level
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.Pq Dq link
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address
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is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
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This can be used to
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e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
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mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
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If the interface is already
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up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
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then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
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filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specify the
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address family
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq ipx ,
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.\" .Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq link .
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.\" and
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.\" .Dq ns .
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The default is
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.Dq inet .
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.Dq ether
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and
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.Dq lladdr
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are synonyms for
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.Dq link .
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Ar interface
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This
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq Li ed0 .
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|
.It Ar groupname
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|
List the interfaces in the given group.
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.El
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.Pp
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|
The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm add
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|
Another name for the
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.Cm alias
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parameter.
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|
Introduced for compatibility
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with
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.Bsx .
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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|
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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|
If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
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for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
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|
Usually
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.Li 0xffffffff
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is most appropriate.
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.It Fl alias
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|
Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.It Cm anycast
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(Inet6 only.)
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Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
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|
Based on the current specification,
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only routers may configure anycast addresses.
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|
Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
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IPv6 packets.
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|
.It Cm arp
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|
Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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|
.Pq Xr arp 4
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|
in mapping
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|
between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
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|
This is currently implemented for mapping between
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|
.Tn DARPA
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|
Internet
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addresses and
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.Tn IEEE
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802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
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|
.It Fl arp
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|
Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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|
.Pq Xr arp 4 .
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|
.It Cm staticarp
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|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
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|
the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
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|
and will never send any requests.
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|
.It Fl staticarp
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|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
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|
the host will perform normally,
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|
sending out requests and listening for replies.
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|
.It Cm broadcast
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|
(Inet only.)
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|
Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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|
.It Cm debug
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|
Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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|
extra console error logging.
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|
.It Fl debug
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|
Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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|
.It Cm promisc
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|
Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
|
|
.It Fl promisc
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|
Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
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|
.It Cm delete
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|
Another name for the
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|
.Fl alias
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|
parameter.
|
|
.It Cm down
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|
Mark an interface
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|
.Dq down .
|
|
When an interface is marked
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|
.Dq down ,
|
|
the system will not attempt to
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|
transmit messages through that interface.
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|
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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|
This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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|
.It Cm group Ar group-name
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|
Assign the interface to a
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|
.Dq group .
|
|
Any interface can be in multiple groups.
|
|
.Pp
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|
Cloned interfaces are members of their interface family group by default.
|
|
For example, a PPP interface such as
|
|
.Em ppp0
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|
is a member of the PPP interface family group,
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|
.Em ppp .
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|
.\" The interface(s) the default route(s) point to are members of the
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.\" .Em egress
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|
.\" interface group.
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|
.It Cm -group Ar group-name
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|
Remove the interface from the given
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|
.Dq group .
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|
.It Cm eui64
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|
(Inet6 only.)
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|
Fill interface index
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|
(lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
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|
automatically.
|
|
.It Cm ipdst
|
|
This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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|
IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote network.
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|
An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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|
the address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network
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of the destination.
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|
.It Cm maclabel Ar label
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|
If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel,
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|
set the MAC label to
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|
.Ar label .
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|
.\" (see
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.\" .Xr maclabel 7 ) .
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|
.It Cm media Ar type
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
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|
of the interface to
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|
.Ar type .
|
|
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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|
different physical media connectors.
|
|
For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet
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|
interface might support the use of either
|
|
.Tn AUI
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|
or twisted pair connectors.
|
|
Setting the media type to
|
|
.Cm 10base5/AUI
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|
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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|
Setting it to
|
|
.Cm 10baseT/UTP
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|
would activate twisted pair.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver
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|
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
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|
available types.
|
|
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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|
media options on the interface.
|
|
The
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|
.Ar opts
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|
argument
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|
is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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|
Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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|
list of available options.
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|
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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|
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
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|
specified media options on the interface.
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|
.It Cm mode Ar mode
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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|
operating mode on the interface to
|
|
.Ar mode .
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
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|
this directive is used to select between 802.11a
|
|
.Pq Cm 11a ,
|
|
802.11b
|
|
.Pq Cm 11b ,
|
|
and 802.11g
|
|
.Pq Cm 11g
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|
operating modes.
|
|
.It Cm inst Ar minst , Cm instance Ar minst
|
|
Set the media instance to
|
|
.Ar minst .
|
|
This is useful for devices which have multiple physical layer interfaces
|
|
.Pq PHYs .
|
|
.It Cm name Ar name
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|
Set the interface name to
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|
.Ar name .
|
|
.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
|
|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
|
|
enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
|
|
Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
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|
of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
|
|
The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
|
|
support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
|
|
.It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
|
|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
|
|
disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
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|
These settings may not always be independent of each other.
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|
.It Cm tso
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|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
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|
segmentation offloading, enable TSO on the interface.
|
|
Some drivers may not be able to support TSO for
|
|
.Xr ip 4
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|
and
|
|
.Xr ip6 4
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|
packets, so they may enable only one of them.
|
|
.It Fl tso
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|
If the driver supports
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|
.Xr tcp 4
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|
segmentation offloading, disable TSO on the interface.
|
|
It will always disable TSO for
|
|
.Xr ip 4
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|
and
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|
.Xr ip6 4 .
|
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.It Cm lro
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|
If the driver supports
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|
.Xr tcp 4
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|
large receive offloading, enable LRO on the interface.
|
|
.It Fl lro
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|
If the driver supports
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|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
large receive offloading, disable LRO on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
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|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
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|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
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|
not on a
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface itself.
|
|
.It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
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|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
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|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
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|
respectively.
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|
.It Cm polling
|
|
Turn on
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|
.Xr polling 4
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|
feature and disable interrupts on the interface, if driver supports
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|
this mode.
|
|
.It Fl polling
|
|
Turn off
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|
.Xr polling 4
|
|
feature and enable interrupt mode on the interface.
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|
.It Cm create
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|
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
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|
device with an arbitrary unit number.
|
|
If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
|
|
printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
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|
in the same
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|
.Nm
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|
invocation.
|
|
.It Cm destroy
|
|
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
.It Cm plumb
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|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm create
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|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
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|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm unplumb
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm destroy
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|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
|
|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as additional hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default is interface specific.
|
|
The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
|
|
interface.
|
|
Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
|
|
range restrictions.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
|
|
.\" (Inet and ISO.)
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading
|
|
.Ql 0x ,
|
|
with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
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|
portion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
|
|
It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
|
|
If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" Xr eon 5 .
|
|
.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
|
|
.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
|
|
.\" only)
|
|
.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
|
|
.\" taken to be the
|
|
.\" .Tn NET
|
|
.\" (Network Entity Title).
|
|
.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
|
|
.\" .Tn GOSIP .
|
|
.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
|
|
.\" it is really the
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" which is being specified.
|
|
.\" For example, in
|
|
.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
|
|
.\" 20 hex digits should be
|
|
.\" specified in the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
|
|
.\" to be assigned to the interface.
|
|
.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
|
|
.\" for
|
|
.\" .Tn AFI
|
|
.\" 37 type addresses.
|
|
.It Cm range Ar netrange
|
|
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
|
|
.Ar netrange
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
|
|
Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
|
|
netmasks though
|
|
.Fx
|
|
implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
|
|
.It Cm remove
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.It Cm phase
|
|
The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
|
|
Appletalk network attached to the interface.
|
|
Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
|
|
An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some Ethernet cards.
|
|
Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm monitor
|
|
Put the interface in monitor mode.
|
|
No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
|
|
.Xr bpf 4
|
|
processing.
|
|
.It Fl monitor
|
|
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq up .
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an
|
|
.Dq Nm Cm down .
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm apbridge
|
|
When operating as an access point, pass packets between
|
|
wireless clients directly (default).
|
|
To instead let them pass up through the
|
|
system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
|
|
.Fl apbridge .
|
|
Disabling the internal bridging
|
|
is useful when traffic is to be processed with
|
|
packet filtering.
|
|
.It Cm authmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of
|
|
valid modes is
|
|
.Cm none , open , shared
|
|
(shared key),
|
|
.Cm 8021x
|
|
(IEEE 802.1x),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm wpa
|
|
(IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm 8021x
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm wpa
|
|
modes are only useful when using an authentication service
|
|
(a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
|
|
operating as an access point).
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm bgscan
|
|
Enable background scanning when operating as a station.
|
|
Background scanning is a technique whereby a station associated to
|
|
an access point will temporarily leave the channel to scan for
|
|
neighboring stations.
|
|
This allows a station to maintain a cache of nearby access points
|
|
so that roaming between access points can be done without doing
|
|
a lengthy scan operation.
|
|
Background scanning is done only when a station is not busy and
|
|
any outbound traffic will cancel a scan operation.
|
|
Background scanning should never cause packets to be lost though
|
|
there may be some small latency if outbound traffic interrupts a
|
|
scan operation.
|
|
By default background scanning is enabled if the device is capable.
|
|
To disable background scanning, use
|
|
.Fl bgscan .
|
|
Background scanning is controlled by the
|
|
.Cm bgscanidle
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm bgscanintvl
|
|
parameters.
|
|
Background scanning must be enabled for roaming; this is an artifact
|
|
of the current implementation and may not be required in the future.
|
|
.It Cm bgscanidle Ar idletime
|
|
Set the minimum time a station must be idle (not transmitting or
|
|
receiving frames) before a background scan is initiated.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar idletime
|
|
parameter is specified in milliseconds.
|
|
By default a station must be idle at least 250 milliseconds before
|
|
a background scan is initiated.
|
|
The idle time may not be set to less than 100 milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm bgscanintvl Ar interval
|
|
Set the interval at which background scanning is attempted.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
parameter is specified in seconds.
|
|
By default a background scanning is considered every 300 seconds (5 minutes).
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
may not be set to less than 15 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm bintval Ar interval
|
|
Set the interval at which beacon frames are sent when operating in
|
|
ad-hoc or ap mode.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
parameter is specified in TU's (1024 usecs).
|
|
By default beacon frames are transmitted every 100 TU's.
|
|
.It Cm bmissthreshold Ar count
|
|
Set the number of consecutive missed beacons at which the station
|
|
will attempt to roam (i.e., search for a new access point).
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
parameter must be in the range 1 to 255; though the
|
|
upper bound may be reduced according to device capabilities.
|
|
The default threshold is 7 consecutive missed beacons; but
|
|
this may be overridden by the device driver.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bmissthreshold
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm bmiss .
|
|
.It Cm bssid Ar address
|
|
Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
|
|
as a station in a BSS network.
|
|
This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
|
|
To disable a previously selected access point, supply
|
|
.Cm any , none ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
for the address.
|
|
This option is useful when more than one access point uses the same SSID.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bssid
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm ap .
|
|
.It Cm burst
|
|
Enable packet bursting.
|
|
Packet bursting is a transmission technique whereby the wireless
|
|
medium is acquired once to send multiple frames and the interframe
|
|
spacing is reduced.
|
|
This technique can significantly increase throughput by reducing
|
|
transmission overhead.
|
|
Packet bursting is supported by the 802.11e QoS specification
|
|
and some devices that do not support QoS may still be capable.
|
|
By default packet bursting is enabled if a device is capable
|
|
of doing it.
|
|
To disable packet bursting, use
|
|
.Fl burst .
|
|
.It Cm chanlist Ar channels
|
|
Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
|
|
points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
|
|
channels when operating as an access point.
|
|
The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
|
|
each element in the list representing either a single channel number or a range
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Dq Li a-b .
|
|
Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
|
|
according to the operating characteristics of the device.
|
|
.It Cm channel Ar number
|
|
Set a single desired channel.
|
|
Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
|
|
depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
|
|
Setting
|
|
the channel to
|
|
.Li 0 ,
|
|
.Cm any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
will give you the default for your adaptor.
|
|
Some
|
|
adaptors ignore this setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode.
|
|
Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
|
|
instead of the channel number.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When there are several ways to use a channel the channel
|
|
number/frequency may be appended with attributes to clarify.
|
|
For example, if a device is capable of operating on channel 6
|
|
with 802.11n and 802.11g then one can specify that g-only use
|
|
should be used by specifying ``6:g''.
|
|
Similarly the channel width can be specified by appending it
|
|
with ``/''; e.g. ``6/40'' specifies a 40MHz wide channel,
|
|
These attributes can be combined as in: ``6:ht/40''.
|
|
The full set of flags specified following a `:'' are:
|
|
.Cm a
|
|
(802.11a),
|
|
.Cm b
|
|
(802.11b),
|
|
.Cm d
|
|
(Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode),
|
|
.Cm g
|
|
(802.11g),
|
|
.Cm h
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm n
|
|
(802.11n aka HT),
|
|
.Cm s
|
|
(Atheros Static Turbo mode),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm t
|
|
(Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode, or appended to ``st'' and ``dt'').
|
|
The full set of channel widths following a '/' are:
|
|
.Cm 5
|
|
(5MHz aka quarter-rate channel),
|
|
.Cm 10
|
|
(10MHz aka half-rate channel),
|
|
.Cm 20
|
|
(20MHz mostly for use in specifying ht20),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm 40
|
|
(40MHz mostly for use in specifying ht40),
|
|
In addition,
|
|
a 40MHz HT channel specification may include the location
|
|
of the extension channel by appending ``+'' or ``-'' for above and below,
|
|
respectively; e.g. ``2437:ht/40+'' specifies 40MHz wide HT operation
|
|
with the center channel at frequency 2437 and the extension channel above.
|
|
.It Cm doth
|
|
Enable inclusion of an 802.11h country information element in beacon
|
|
frames transmitted when operating as an access point.
|
|
By default 802.11h is enabled if the device is capable.
|
|
To disable 802.11h use
|
|
.Fl doth .
|
|
.It Cm deftxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the default key to use for transmission.
|
|
Typically this is only set when using WEP encryption.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm weptxkey
|
|
is an alias for this request; it is provided for backwards compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm dtimperiod Ar period
|
|
Set the
|
|
DTIM
|
|
period for transmitting buffered multicast data frames when
|
|
operating in ap mode.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
specifies the number of beacon intervals between DTIM
|
|
and must be in the range 1 to 15.
|
|
By default DTIM is 1 (i.e., DTIM occurs at each beacon).
|
|
.It Cm dturbo
|
|
Enable the use of Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode when communicating with
|
|
another Dynamic Turbo-capable station.
|
|
Dynamic Turbo mode is an Atheros-specific mechanism by which
|
|
stations switch between normal 802.11 operation and a ``boosted''
|
|
mode in which a 40MHz wide channel is used for communication.
|
|
Stations using Dynamic Turbo mode operate boosted only when the
|
|
channel is free of non-dturbo stations; when a non-dturbo station
|
|
is identified on the channel all stations will automatically drop
|
|
back to normal operation.
|
|
By default, Dynamic Turbo mode is not enabled, even if the device is capable.
|
|
Note that turbo mode (dynamic or static) is only allowed on some
|
|
channels depending on the regulatory constraints; use the
|
|
.Cm list chan
|
|
command to identify the channels where turbo mode may be used.
|
|
To disable Dynamic Turbo mode use
|
|
.Fl dturbo .
|
|
.It Cm fragthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which transmitted frames are broken into fragments.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 256 to 2346.
|
|
Setting
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
to
|
|
.Li 2346 ,
|
|
.Cm any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
disables transmit fragmentation.
|
|
Not all adaptors honor the fragmentation threshold.
|
|
.It Cm hidessid
|
|
When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID
|
|
in beacon frames or respond to probe request frames unless
|
|
they are directed to the ap (i.e., they include the ap's SSID).
|
|
By default, the SSID is included in beacon frames and
|
|
undirected probe request frames are answered.
|
|
To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID etc., use
|
|
.Fl hidessid .
|
|
.It Cm ff
|
|
Enable the user of Atheros Fast Frames when communicating with
|
|
another Fast Frames-capable station.
|
|
Fast Frames are an encapsulation technique by which two 802.3
|
|
frames are transmitted in a single 802.11 frame.
|
|
This can noticeably improve throughput but requires that the
|
|
receiving station understand how to decapsulate the frame.
|
|
Fast frame use is negotiated using the Atheros 802.11 vendor-specific
|
|
protocol extension so enabling use is safe when communicating with
|
|
non-Atheros devices.
|
|
By default, use of fast frames is enabled if the device is capable.
|
|
To explicitly disable fast frames, use
|
|
.Fl ff .
|
|
.It Cm list active
|
|
Display the list of channels available for use taking into account
|
|
any restrictions set with the
|
|
.Cm chanlist
|
|
directive.
|
|
See the description of
|
|
.Cm list chan
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.It Cm list caps
|
|
Display the adaptor's capabilities, including the operating
|
|
modes supported.
|
|
.It Cm list chan
|
|
Display the list of channels available for use.
|
|
Channels are shown with their IEEE channel number, equivalent
|
|
frequency, and usage modes.
|
|
Channels identified as
|
|
.Ql 11g
|
|
are also usable in
|
|
.Ql 11b
|
|
mode.
|
|
Channels identified as
|
|
.Ql 11a Turbo
|
|
may be used only for Atheros' Static Turbo mode
|
|
(specified with
|
|
. Cm mediaopt turbo ) .
|
|
Channels marked with a
|
|
.Ql *
|
|
have a regulatory constraint that they be passively scanned.
|
|
This means a station is not permitted to transmit on the channel until
|
|
it identifies the channel is being used for 802.11 communication;
|
|
typically by hearing a beacon frame from an access point operating
|
|
on the channel.
|
|
.Cm list freq
|
|
is another way of requesting this information.
|
|
.It Cm list mac
|
|
Display the current MAC Access Control List state.
|
|
Each address is prefixed with a character that indicates the
|
|
current policy applied to it:
|
|
.Ql +
|
|
indicates the address is allowed access,
|
|
.Ql -
|
|
indicates the address is denied access,
|
|
.Ql *
|
|
indicates the address is present but the current policy open
|
|
(so the ACL is not consulted).
|
|
.It Cm list scan
|
|
Display the access points and/or ad-hoc neighbors
|
|
located in the vicinity.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to display long SSIDs.
|
|
This information may be updated automatically by the adaptor
|
|
and/or with a
|
|
.Cm scan
|
|
request or through background scanning.
|
|
.Cm list ap
|
|
is another way of requesting this information.
|
|
.It Cm list sta
|
|
When operating as an access point display the stations that are
|
|
currently associated.
|
|
When operating in ad-hoc mode display stations identified as
|
|
neighbors in the IBSS.
|
|
When operating in station mode display the access point.
|
|
Capabilities advertised by the stations are described under
|
|
the
|
|
.Cm scan
|
|
request.
|
|
Depending on the capabilities of the stations the following
|
|
flags can be included in the output:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 3n
|
|
.It Li A
|
|
Authorized.
|
|
Indicates that the station is permitted to send/receive data frames.
|
|
.It Li E
|
|
Extended Rate Phy (ERP).
|
|
Indicates that the station is operating in an 802.11g network
|
|
using extended transmit rates.
|
|
.It Li H
|
|
High Throughput (HT).
|
|
Indicates that the station is using MCS to send/receive frames.
|
|
.It Li P
|
|
Power Save.
|
|
Indicates that the station is operating in power save mode.
|
|
.It Li Q
|
|
Quality of Service (QoS).
|
|
Indicates that the station is using QoS encapsulation for
|
|
data frame.
|
|
QoS encapsulation is enabled only when WME mode is enabled.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Cm list wme
|
|
Display the current parameters to use when operating in WME mode.
|
|
When WME mode is enabled for an adaptor this information will be
|
|
displayed with the regular status; this command is mostly useful
|
|
for examining parameters when WME mode is disabled.
|
|
See the description of the
|
|
.Cm wme
|
|
directive for information on the various parameters.
|
|
.It Cm mcastrate Ar rate
|
|
Set the rate for transmitting multicast/broadcast frames.
|
|
Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
|
|
This rate should be valid for the current operating conditions;
|
|
if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose an
|
|
appropriate rate.
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
Enable powersave operation.
|
|
When operating as a client, the station will conserve power by
|
|
periodically turning off the radio and listening for
|
|
messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
|
|
The station must then retrieve the packets.
|
|
Not all devices support power save operation as a client.
|
|
The 802.11 specification requires that all access points support
|
|
power save but some drivers do not.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl powersave
|
|
to disable powersave operation when operating as a client.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
|
|
Set the desired max powersave sleep time in TU's (1024 usecs).
|
|
By default the max powersave sleep time is 100 TU's.
|
|
.It Cm protmode Ar technique
|
|
For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
|
|
.Ar technique
|
|
for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
|
|
The set of valid techniques is
|
|
.Cm off , cts
|
|
(CTS to self),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm rtscts
|
|
(RTS/CTS).
|
|
Technique names are case insensitive.
|
|
Not all devices support
|
|
.Cm cts
|
|
as a protection technique.
|
|
.It Cm pureg
|
|
When operating as an access point in 802.11g mode allow only
|
|
11g-capable stations to associate (11b-only stations are not
|
|
permitted to associate).
|
|
To allow both 11g and 11b-only stations to associate, use
|
|
.Fl pureg .
|
|
.It Cm roaming Ar mode
|
|
When operating as a station, control how the system will
|
|
behave when communication with the current access point
|
|
is broken.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar mode
|
|
argument may be one of
|
|
.Cm device
|
|
(leave it to the hardware device to decide),
|
|
.Cm auto
|
|
(handle either in the device or the operating system\[em]as appropriate),
|
|
.Cm manual
|
|
(do nothing until explicitly instructed).
|
|
By default, the device is left to handle this if it is
|
|
capable; otherwise, the operating system will automatically
|
|
attempt to reestablish communication.
|
|
Manual mode is used by applications such as
|
|
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
|
|
that want to control the selection of an access point.
|
|
.It Cm roam:rssi11a Ar rssi
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in an
|
|
802.11a BSS.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar rssi
|
|
parameter specifies the receive signal strength in .5 dBm units
|
|
at which roaming should be considered.
|
|
If the current rssi drops below this setting and background scanning
|
|
is enabled, then the system will check if a more desirable access point is
|
|
available and switch over to it.
|
|
The current scan cache contents are used if they are considered
|
|
valid according to the
|
|
.Cm scanvalid
|
|
parameter; otherwise a background scan operation is triggered before
|
|
any selection occurs.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Ar rssi
|
|
is set to 7 dBm.
|
|
.It Cm roam:rssi11b Ar rssi
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in an
|
|
802.11b-only BSS.
|
|
See
|
|
.Cm roam:rssi11a
|
|
for a description of this parameter.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Ar rssi
|
|
is set to 7 dBm.
|
|
.It Cm roam:rssi11g Ar rssi
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in a
|
|
(mixed) 802.11g BSS.
|
|
See
|
|
.Cm roam:rssi11a
|
|
for a description of this parameter.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Ar rssi
|
|
is set to 7 dBm.
|
|
.It Cm roam:rate11a Ar rate
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in an
|
|
802.11a BSS.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar rate
|
|
parameter specifies the transmit rate in megabits
|
|
at which roaming should be considered.
|
|
If the current transmit rate drops below this setting and background scanning
|
|
is enabled, then the system will check if a more desirable access point is
|
|
available and switch over to it.
|
|
The current scan cache contents are used if they are considered
|
|
valid according to the
|
|
.Cm scanvalid
|
|
parameter; otherwise a background scan operation is triggered before
|
|
any selection occurs.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Ar rate
|
|
is set to 12 Mb/s.
|
|
.It Cm roam:rate11b Ar rate
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in an
|
|
802.11b-only BSS.
|
|
See
|
|
.Cm roam:rate11a
|
|
for a description of this parameter.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Ar rate
|
|
is set to 1 Mb/s.
|
|
.It Cm roam:rate11g Ar rate
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in a
|
|
(mixed) 802.11g BSS.
|
|
See
|
|
.Cm roam:rate11a
|
|
for a description of this parameter.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Ar rate
|
|
is set to 5 Mb/s.
|
|
.It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which
|
|
transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
|
|
RTS
|
|
control frame.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument
|
|
is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2346.
|
|
Setting
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
to
|
|
.Li 2346 ,
|
|
.Cm any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
disables transmission of RTS frames.
|
|
Not all adaptors support setting the RTS threshold.
|
|
.It Cm ssid Ar ssid
|
|
Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
|
|
The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
|
|
in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
|
|
hexadecimal when preceded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
.It Cm scan
|
|
Initiate a scan of neighboring stations, wait for it to complete, and
|
|
display all stations found.
|
|
Only the super-user can initiate a scan.
|
|
Depending on the capabilities of the APs, the following
|
|
flags can be included in the output:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 3n
|
|
.It Li A
|
|
Channel Agility.
|
|
Indicates that the station support channel hopping as described by the
|
|
IEEE 802.11b specification.
|
|
.It Li B
|
|
Packet Binary Convolution Code (PBCC).
|
|
A modulation alternative to the standard OFDM method.
|
|
.It Dv C
|
|
Pollreq
|
|
.It Dv c
|
|
Pollable
|
|
.It Dv D
|
|
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSSOFDM).
|
|
Indicates the the station supports DSSS modulation.
|
|
.It Li E
|
|
Extended Service Set (ESS).
|
|
Indicates that the station is part of an infrastructure network
|
|
(in contrast to an IBSS/ad-hoc network).
|
|
.It Li I
|
|
IBSS/ad-hoc network.
|
|
Indicates that the station is part of an ad-hoc network
|
|
(in contrast to an ESS network).
|
|
.It Li P
|
|
Privacy.
|
|
Data confidentiality is required for all data frames
|
|
exchanged within the BSS.
|
|
This means that this BSS requires the station to
|
|
use cryptographic means such as WEP, TKIP or AES-CCMP to
|
|
encrypt/decrypt data frames being exchanged with others.
|
|
.It Dv R
|
|
Robust Security Network (RSN).
|
|
Indicates that the station supports the IEEE 802.11i authentication
|
|
and key management protocol.
|
|
.It Li S
|
|
Short Preamble.
|
|
Indicates that the network is using short preambles (defined
|
|
in 802.11b High Rate/DSSS PHY, short preamble utilizes a
|
|
56 bit sync field in contrast to a 128 bit field used in long
|
|
preamble mode).
|
|
.It Li s
|
|
Short slot time.
|
|
Indicates that the network is using a short slot time.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Interesting information elements captured from the neighboring
|
|
stations are displayed at the end of each row.
|
|
Possible elements are:
|
|
.Cm WME
|
|
(station supports WME),
|
|
.Cm WPA
|
|
(station supports WPA),
|
|
.Cm RSN
|
|
(station supports 802.11i/RSN),
|
|
.Cm HT
|
|
(station supports 802.11n/HT communication),
|
|
.Cm ATH
|
|
(station supoprts Atheros protocol extensions),
|
|
.Cm VEN
|
|
(station supports unknown vendor-specific extensions).
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag is used the information element contents will be shown.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm list scan
|
|
request can be used to show recent scan results without
|
|
initiating a new scan.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to prevent the shortening of long SSIDs.
|
|
.It Cm scanvalid Ar threshold
|
|
Set the maximum time the scan cache contents are considered valid;
|
|
i.e. will be used without first triggering a scan operation to
|
|
refresh the data.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar threshold
|
|
parameter is specified in seconds and defaults to 60 seconds.
|
|
The minimum setting for
|
|
.Ar threshold
|
|
is 10 seconds.
|
|
One should take care setting this threshold; if it is set too low
|
|
then attempts to roam to another access point may trigger unnecessary
|
|
background scan operations.
|
|
.It Cm stationname Ar name
|
|
Set the name of this station.
|
|
It appears that the station name is not really part of the IEEE 802.11
|
|
protocol though all interfaces seem to support it.
|
|
As such it only
|
|
seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
|
|
Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
|
|
.It Cm txpower Ar power
|
|
Set the power used to transmit frames.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar power
|
|
argument
|
|
is a unitless value in the range 0 to 100 that is interpreted
|
|
by drivers to derive a device-specific value.
|
|
Out of range values are truncated.
|
|
Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
|
|
the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
|
|
Not all adaptors support changing the transmit power.
|
|
.It Cm wepmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired WEP mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of valid modes is
|
|
.Cm off , on ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm mixed .
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm mixed
|
|
mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
|
|
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
|
|
On these adaptors,
|
|
.Cm on
|
|
means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
|
|
On other adaptors,
|
|
.Cm on
|
|
is generally another name for
|
|
.Cm mixed .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm weptxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
|
|
This is the same as setting the default transmission key with
|
|
.Cm deftxkey .
|
|
.It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
|
|
Set the selected WEP key.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar index
|
|
is not given, key 1 is set.
|
|
A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
|
|
characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
|
|
capabilities of the adaptor.
|
|
It may be specified either as a plain
|
|
string or as a string of hexadecimal digits preceded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
|
|
the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
|
|
In particular, the
|
|
.Tn Windows
|
|
drivers do this mapping differently to
|
|
.Fx .
|
|
A key may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
|
|
Some adaptors support more than four keys.
|
|
If that is the case, then the first four keys
|
|
(1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
|
|
specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
|
|
.It Cm wme
|
|
Enable Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME) support, if available,
|
|
for the specified interface.
|
|
WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
|
|
efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
|
|
To disable WME support, use
|
|
.Fl wme .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are meaningful only when WME support is in use.
|
|
Parameters are specified per-AC (Access Category) and
|
|
split into those that are used by a station when acting
|
|
as an access point and those for client stations in the BSS.
|
|
The latter are received from the access point and may not be changed
|
|
(at the station).
|
|
The following Access Categories are recognized:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm AC_BK" -compact
|
|
.It Cm AC_BE
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm BE )
|
|
best effort delivery,
|
|
.It Cm AC_BK
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm BK )
|
|
background traffic,
|
|
.It Cm AC_VI
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm VI )
|
|
video traffic,
|
|
.It Cm AC_VO
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm VO )
|
|
voice traffic.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
AC parameters are case-insensitive.
|
|
Traffic classification is done in the operating system using the
|
|
vlan priority associated with data frames or the
|
|
ToS (Type of Service) indication in IP-encapsulated frames.
|
|
If neither information is present, traffic is assigned to the
|
|
Best Effort (BE) category.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm ack Ar ac
|
|
Set the ACK policy for QoS transmissions by the local station;
|
|
this controls whether or not data frames transmitted by a station
|
|
require an ACK response from the receiving station.
|
|
To disable waiting for an ACK use
|
|
.Fl ack .
|
|
This parameter is applied only to the local station.
|
|
.It Cm acm Ar ac
|
|
Enable the Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) mechanism
|
|
for transmissions by the local station.
|
|
To disable the ACM use
|
|
.Fl acm .
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
NB: ACM is not supported right now.
|
|
.It Cm aifs Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the Arbitration Inter Frame Spacing (AIFS)
|
|
channel access parameter to use for transmissions
|
|
by the local station.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm cwmin Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmin channel access parameter to use for transmissions
|
|
by the local station.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm cwmax Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmax channel access parameter to use for transmissions
|
|
by the local station.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
|
|
Set the Transmission Opportunity Limit channel access parameter
|
|
to use for transmissions by the local station.
|
|
This parameter defines an interval of time when a WME station
|
|
has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm bss:aifs Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the AIFS channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.It Cm bss:cwmin Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmin channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.It Cm bss:cwmax Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmax channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.It Cm bss:txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
|
|
Set the TxOpLimit channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters support an optional access control list
|
|
feature available with some adaptors when operating in ap mode; see
|
|
.Xr wlan_acl 4 .
|
|
This facility allows an access point to accept/deny association
|
|
requests based on the MAC address of the station.
|
|
Note that this feature does not significantly enhance security
|
|
as MAC address spoofing is easy to do.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm mac:add Ar address
|
|
Add the specified MAC address to the database.
|
|
Depending on the policy setting association requests from the
|
|
specified station will be allowed or denied.
|
|
.It Cm mac:allow
|
|
Set the ACL policy to permit association only by
|
|
stations registered in the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:del Ar address
|
|
Delete the specified MAC address from the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:deny
|
|
Set the ACL policy to deny association only by
|
|
stations registered in the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:kick Ar address
|
|
Force the specified station to be deauthenticated.
|
|
This typically is done to block a station after updating the
|
|
address database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:open
|
|
Set the ACL policy to allow all stations to associate.
|
|
.It Cm mac:flush
|
|
Delete all entries in the database.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are for compatibility with other systems:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar ssid
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm ssid
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm station Ar name
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm stationname
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode on .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey key
|
|
Another way of saying:
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Xo
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm addm Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a member of the bridge.
|
|
The interface is put into promiscuous mode
|
|
so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
|
|
.It Cm deletem Ar interface
|
|
Remove the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the bridge.
|
|
Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
|
|
it is removed from the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm maxaddr Ar size
|
|
Set the size of the bridge address cache to
|
|
.Ar size .
|
|
The default is 100 entries.
|
|
.It Cm timeout Ar seconds
|
|
Set the timeout of address cache entries to
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
seconds.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
|
|
The default is 240 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm addr
|
|
Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm static Ar interface-name Ar address
|
|
Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
|
|
.Ar interface-name .
|
|
Static entries are never aged out of the cache or re-placed, even if the
|
|
address is seen on a different interface.
|
|
.It Cm deladdr Ar address
|
|
Delete
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm flush
|
|
Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm flushall
|
|
Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm discover Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
interface.
|
|
When the bridge has no address cache entry
|
|
(either dynamic or static)
|
|
for the destination address of a packet,
|
|
the bridge will forward the packet to all
|
|
member interfaces marked as
|
|
.Dq discovering .
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -discover Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
For packets without the
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
|
|
or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
|
|
is known to be on the interface's segment.
|
|
.It Cm learn Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq learning
|
|
interface.
|
|
When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
|
|
address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
|
|
destination address on the interface's segment.
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -learn Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq learning
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm sticky Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq sticky
|
|
interface.
|
|
Dynamically learned address entries are treated at static once entered into
|
|
the cache.
|
|
Sticky entries are never aged out of the cache or replaced, even if the
|
|
address is seen on a different interface.
|
|
.It Cm -sticky Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq sticky
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm private Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq private
|
|
interface.
|
|
A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is also
|
|
a private interface.
|
|
.It Cm -private Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq private
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm span Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a span port on the bridge.
|
|
Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
|
|
This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on
|
|
another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -span Ar interface
|
|
Delete the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the list of span ports of the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm stp Ar interface
|
|
Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr if_bridge 4
|
|
driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
|
|
Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
|
|
.It Cm -stp Ar interface
|
|
Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm edge Ar interface
|
|
Set
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as an edge port.
|
|
An edge port connects directly to end stations cannot create bridging
|
|
loops in the network, this allows it to transition straight to forwarding.
|
|
.It Cm -edge Ar interface
|
|
Disable edge status on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
.It Cm autoedge Ar interface
|
|
Allow
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to automatically detect edge status.
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -autoedge Ar interface
|
|
Disable automatic edge status on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
.It Cm ptp Ar interface
|
|
Set the
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a point to point link.
|
|
This is required for straight transitions to forwarding and
|
|
should be enabled on a direct link to another RSTP capable switch.
|
|
.It Cm -ptp Ar interface
|
|
Disable point to point link status on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
This should be disabled for a half duplex link and for an interface
|
|
connected to a shared network segment,
|
|
like a hub or a wireless network.
|
|
.It Cm autoptp Ar interface
|
|
Automatically detect the point to point status on
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
by checking the full duplex link status.
|
|
This is the default for interfaces added to the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -autoptp Ar interface
|
|
Disable automatic point to point link detection on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
.It Cm maxage Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
|
|
The default is 20 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 6 seconds and the maximum is 40 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
|
|
packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
|
|
The default is 15 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 4 seconds and the maximum is 30 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
|
|
configuration messages.
|
|
The hello time may only be changed when operating in legacy stp mode.
|
|
The default is 2 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 2 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm priority Ar value
|
|
Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
|
|
The default is 32768.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 61440.
|
|
.It Cm proto Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree protocol.
|
|
The default is rstp.
|
|
The available options are stp and rstp.
|
|
.It Cm holdcnt Ar value
|
|
Set the transmit hold count for Spanning Tree.
|
|
This is the number of packets transmitted before being rate limited.
|
|
The default is 6.
|
|
The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 10.
|
|
.It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree priority of
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
The default is 128.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 240.
|
|
.It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
The default is calculated from the link speed.
|
|
To change a previously selected path cost back to automatic, set the
|
|
cost to 0.
|
|
The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 200000000.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to lagg interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm laggport Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a port of the aggregation interface.
|
|
.It Cm -laggport Ar interface
|
|
Remove the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the aggregation interface.
|
|
.It Cm laggproto Ar proto
|
|
Set the aggregation protocol.
|
|
The default is failover.
|
|
The available options are failover, fec, lacp, loadbalance, roundrobin and
|
|
none.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to IP tunnel interfaces,
|
|
.Xr gif 4 :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
|
|
Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces.
|
|
The arguments
|
|
.Ar src_addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dest_addr
|
|
are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
|
|
IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
.It Fl tunnel
|
|
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces previously configured with
|
|
.Cm tunnel .
|
|
.It Cm deletetunnel
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl tunnel
|
|
parameter.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to
|
|
.Xr pfsync 4
|
|
interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm maxupd Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum number of updates for a single state which
|
|
can be collapsed into one.
|
|
This is an 8-bit number; the default value is 128.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
|
|
Set the VLAN tag value to
|
|
.Ar vlan_tag .
|
|
This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
|
|
VLAN header for packets sent from the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlandev
|
|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
|
|
Associate the physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface.
|
|
Packets transmitted through the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface will be
|
|
diverted to the specified physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
|
|
Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
|
|
by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
|
|
the associated
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo-interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface is assigned a
|
|
copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm vlandev
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface already has
|
|
a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
|
|
To
|
|
change the association to another physical interface, the existing
|
|
association must be cleared first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note: if the hardware tagging capability
|
|
is set on the parent interface, the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo
|
|
interface's behavior changes:
|
|
the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface recognizes that the
|
|
parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
|
|
own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
|
|
the parent unaltered.
|
|
.It Fl vlandev Op Ar iface
|
|
If the driver is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo device, disassociate the parent interface from it.
|
|
This breaks the link between the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface and its parent,
|
|
clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
argument is useless and hence deprecated.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to
|
|
.Xr carp 4
|
|
interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm advbase Ar seconds
|
|
Specifies the base of the advertisement interval in seconds.
|
|
The acceptable values are 1 to 255.
|
|
The default value is 1.
|
|
.\" The default value is
|
|
.\" .Dv CARP_DFLTINTV .
|
|
.It Cm advskew Ar interval
|
|
Specifies the skew to add to the base advertisement interval to
|
|
make one host advertise slower than another host.
|
|
It is specified in 1/256 of seconds.
|
|
The acceptable values are 1 to 254.
|
|
The default value is 0.
|
|
.It Cm pass Ar phrase
|
|
Set the authentication key to
|
|
.Ar phrase .
|
|
.It Cm vhid Ar n
|
|
Set the virtual host ID.
|
|
This is a required setting.
|
|
Acceptable values are 1 to 255.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display the capability list and all
|
|
of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
When no arguments are given,
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
is implied.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl k
|
|
flag causes keying information for the interface, if available, to be
|
|
printed.
|
|
For example, the values of 802.11 WEP keys will be printed, if accessible to
|
|
the current user.
|
|
This information is not printed by default, as it may be considered
|
|
sensitive.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the network interface driver is not present in the kernel then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to load it.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl n
|
|
flag disables this behavior.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
|
|
it (or have need for it).
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
Assign the IPv4 address
|
|
.Li 192.0.2.10 ,
|
|
with a network mask of
|
|
.Li 255.255.255.0 ,
|
|
to the interface
|
|
.Li fxp0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig fxp0 inet 192.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Add the IPv4 address
|
|
.Li 192.0.2.45 ,
|
|
with the CIDR network prefix
|
|
.Li /28 ,
|
|
to the interface
|
|
.Li ed0 ,
|
|
using
|
|
.Cm add
|
|
as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
|
|
.Cm alias :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig ed0 inet 192.0.2.45/28 add
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Remove the IPv4 address
|
|
.Li 192.0.2.45
|
|
from the interface
|
|
.Li ed0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig ed0 inet 192.0.2.45 -alias
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Add the IPv6 address
|
|
.Li 2001:DB8:DBDB::123/48
|
|
to the interface
|
|
.Li em0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig em0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123 prefixlen 48 alias
|
|
Note that lower case hexadecimal IPv6 addresses are acceptable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Remove the IPv6 address added in the above example,
|
|
using the
|
|
.Li /
|
|
character as shorthand for the network prefix,
|
|
and using
|
|
.Cm delete
|
|
as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
|
|
.Fl alias :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig em0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123/48 delete
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Configure the interface
|
|
.Li xl0 ,
|
|
to use 100baseTX, full duplex Ethernet media options:
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig xl0 media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Create the software network interface
|
|
.Li gif1 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig gif1 create
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Destroy the software network interface
|
|
.Li gif1 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig gif1 destroy
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr carp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr pfsync 4 ,
|
|
.Xr polling 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
|
|
interface configured for IPv6.
|
|
Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
|
|
kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
|
|
be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
|
|
to 0.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you delete such an address using
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
the kernel may act very odd.
|
|
Do this at your own risk.
|