808a36ef65
This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!) avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long. Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore. This update would have been insane otherwise.
170 lines
5.7 KiB
Groff
170 lines
5.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
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.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
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.\"
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.\" Almost completely rewritten for FreeBSD 2.1 by Joerg Wunsch.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 19, 1994
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.Dt BOOT 8 i386
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd
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system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Sy Power fail and crash recovery.
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Pp
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.Sy Cold starts.
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Most 386
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.Tn "PC AT"
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clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive 0 (otherwise known as
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drive A:) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk
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controller 1, drive 0 (otherwise known as drive C:, or drive 0x80 in
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the BIOS). The automatic boot will attempt to load
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.Pa /kernel
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from partition
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.Ql a
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of either the floppy or the hard disk.
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This boot may be aborted by typing any character on the keyboard
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at the
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.Ql Boot:
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prompt. At this time, the following input will be accepted:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width 10x
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.It \&?
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Give a short listing of the files in the root directory of the default
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boot device, as a hint about available boot files.
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.It Op ctrlr(unit,part) Op /filename Op Fl abcCdhrsv
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Specify boot file and flags.
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width 10x -compact
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.It ctrlr
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The controller to boot from. Note that the controller is required
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to have BIOS support since the BIOS services are used to load the
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boot file image.
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.Pp
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Common controller names are:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width "wdXX" -compact
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.It wd
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ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or lookalike
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controller
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.It fd
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5 1/4" or 3 1/2" High density floppies
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.It sd
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SCSI disk on any supported SCSI controller
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.It cd
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boot from CDROM
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.It hd
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Pseudo-controller, must be used to specify that unit number
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1 (known to the BIOS as drive 0x81) is on a different controller
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than unit number 0. This can happen for the wd vs. sd case.
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.El
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.It unit
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The unit number of the drive on the controller being used. Either 0
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or 1 for the wd and fd and most sd controllers, between 0 and 6 for
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some newer sd controllers.
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.It part
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The partition letter inside the BSD portion of the disk. See
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.Xr disklabel 8 .
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By convention, only partition
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.Ql a
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contains a bootable image. If sliced disks are used
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.Pq Dq fdisk partitions ,
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only the first BSD slice can be used to boot from. The partition
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letter does always refer to this slice then.
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.It /filename
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The pathname of the file to boot; must be inside the root directory
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of the specified partition. Defaults to
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.Pa /kernel .
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Symbolic links are not supported (hard links are).
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.It Fl abcCdhrsv
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Boot flags:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width "-CXX" -compact
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.It Fl a
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ask for the device to install as root file system during kernel
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initialization
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.It Fl b
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do not automatically reboot after shutdown or crash
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.It Fl c
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run UserConfig to modify hardware parameters for the loaded
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kernel
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.It Fl C
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boot from CDROM
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.It Fl d
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enter the DDB kernel debugger
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.Pq see Xr ddb 4
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before configuring any device (except the system's console)
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.It Fl h
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toggle serial/graphics console
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.It Fl r
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do not establish the root directory of the file system
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hierarchy on the device where the boot file is being loaded
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from
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.It Fl s
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boot into single-user mode; if the console is marked as
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.Dq insecure
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.Pq see Xr ttys 5 ,
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the root password must be entered
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.It Fl v
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be verbose during device probing
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.El
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.El
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /kernelxx -compact
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.It Pa /kernel
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system code
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.\" .It Pa /boot
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.\" system bootstrap
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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.Xr ttys 5 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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.Sh BUGS
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The disklabel format used by this version of
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.Bx
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is quite
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different from that of other architectures.
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.Pp
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The boot flags are not very self-explanatory, and the alphabet has
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too few characters to implement every potentially useful boot option.
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