243 lines
6.9 KiB
Groff
243 lines
6.9 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)pty.4 8.2 (Berkeley) 11/30/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd November 30, 1993
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.Dt PTY 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pty
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.Nd pseudo terminal driver
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Cd "device pty"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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driver provides support for a device-pair termed a
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.Em pseudo terminal .
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A pseudo terminal is a pair of character devices, a
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.Em master
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device and a
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.Em slave
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device.
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The slave device provides to a process an interface identical
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to that described in
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.Xr tty 4 .
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However, whereas all other devices which provide the
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interface described in
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.Xr tty 4
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have a hardware device of some sort behind them, the slave
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device has, instead, another process manipulating
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it through the master half of the pseudo terminal.
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That is, anything written on the master device is
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given to the slave device as input and anything written
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on the slave device is presented as input on the master
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device.
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.Pp
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The following
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.Xr ioctl 2
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calls apply only to pseudo terminals:
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.Bl -tag -width TIOCREMOTE
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.It Dv TIOCSTOP
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Stops output to a terminal (e.g.\& like typing
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.Ql ^S ) .
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Takes
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no parameter.
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.It Dv TIOCSTART
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Restarts output (stopped by
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.Dv TIOCSTOP
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or by typing
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.Ql ^S ) .
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Takes no parameter.
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.It Dv TIOCPKT
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Enable/disable
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.Em packet
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mode.
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Packet mode is enabled by specifying (by reference)
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a nonzero parameter and disabled by specifying (by reference)
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a zero parameter.
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When applied to the master side of a pseudo terminal, each subsequent
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.Xr read 2
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from the terminal will return data written on the slave part of
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the pseudo terminal preceded by a zero byte (symbolically
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defined as
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.Dv TIOCPKT_DATA ) ,
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or a single byte reflecting control
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status information.
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In the latter case, the byte is an inclusive-or
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of zero or more of the bits:
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.Bl -tag -width TIOCPKT_FLUSHWRITE
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.It Dv TIOCPKT_FLUSHREAD
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whenever the read queue for the terminal is flushed.
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.It Dv TIOCPKT_FLUSHWRITE
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whenever the write queue for the terminal is flushed.
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.It Dv TIOCPKT_STOP
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whenever output to the terminal is stopped a la
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.Ql ^S .
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.It Dv TIOCPKT_START
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whenever output to the terminal is restarted.
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.It Dv TIOCPKT_DOSTOP
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whenever
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.Em t_stopc
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is
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.Ql ^S
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and
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.Em t_startc
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is
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.Ql ^Q .
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.It Dv TIOCPKT_NOSTOP
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whenever the start and stop characters are not
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.Ql ^S/^Q .
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.Pp
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While this mode is in use, the presence of control status information
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to be read from the master side may be detected by a
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.Xr select 2
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for exceptional conditions.
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.Pp
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This mode is used by
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.Xr rlogin 1
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and
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.Xr rlogind 8
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to implement a remote-echoed, locally
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.Ql ^S/^Q
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flow-controlled
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remote login with proper back-flushing of output; it can be
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used by other similar programs.
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.El
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.It Dv TIOCUCNTL
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Enable/disable a mode that allows a small number of simple user
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.Xr ioctl 2
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commands to be passed through the pseudo-terminal,
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using a protocol similar to that of
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.Dv TIOCPKT .
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The
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.Dv TIOCUCNTL
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and
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.Dv TIOCPKT
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modes are mutually exclusive.
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This mode is enabled from the master side of a pseudo terminal
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by specifying (by reference)
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a nonzero parameter and disabled by specifying (by reference)
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a zero parameter.
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Each subsequent
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.Xr read 2
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from the master side will return data written on the slave part of
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the pseudo terminal preceded by a zero byte,
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or a single byte reflecting a user control operation on the slave side.
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A user control command consists of a special
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.Xr ioctl 2
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operation with no data; the command is given as
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.Dv UIOCCMD Ns (n) ,
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where
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.Ar n
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is a number in the range 1-255.
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The operation value
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.Ar n
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will be received as a single byte on the next
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.Xr read 2
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from the master side.
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The
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.Xr ioctl 2
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.Dv UIOCCMD Ns (0)
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is a no-op that may be used to probe for
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the existence of this facility.
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As with
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.Dv TIOCPKT
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mode, command operations may be detected with a
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.Xr select 2
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for exceptional conditions.
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.El
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.Pp
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There is currently two
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.Nm
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systems available: the original
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.Bx Nm ,
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and a
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SysVR4 pts-like implementation.
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It is possible to switch between the two implementations by setting the
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.Va kern.pts.enable
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sysctl.
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Setting it to 0 will use the
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.Bx Nm ,
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to non-zero the pts implementation.
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It defaults to 0.
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It is possible to set the maximum number of ptys
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which can be allocated at the same time with the
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.Va kern.pts.max
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sysctl.
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It defaults to 1000.
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It is not recommanded to use more than 1000 pseudo-terminals, as all software
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which use
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.Xr utmp 5
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will not be able to handle pseudo-terminals with number superior to 999.
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.Pp
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The pts implementation also supports the
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.Dv TIOCGPTN
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.Xr ioctl 2
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call, which takes a pointer to an
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.Vt "unsigned int"
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as a parameter and provides the
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number of the pty.
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.Sh FILES
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The files used by the
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.Bx
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pseudo terminals implementation are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/tty[p-sP-S][0-9a-v]" -compact
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.It Pa /dev/pty[p-sP-S][0-9a-v]
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master pseudo terminals
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.It Pa /dev/tty[p-sP-S][0-9a-v]
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slave pseudo terminals
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.El
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.Pp
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The files used by the pts implementation are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/pts/[num]" -compact
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.It Pa /dev/ptmx
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control device, returns a file descriptor to a new master pseudo terminal
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when opened.
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.It Pa /dev/pty[num]
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master pseudo terminals
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.It Pa /dev/pts/[num]
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slave pseudo terminals
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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None.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr tty 4
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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driver appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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