549 lines
18 KiB
Groff
549 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 9, 1997
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.Dt SYSTAT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm systat
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.Nd display system statistics on a crt
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl display
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.Op Ar refresh-interval
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
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using the curses screen display library,
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.Xr ncurses 3 .
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.Pp
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While
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.Nm
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is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
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is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
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upper window depicts the current system load average. The
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information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
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user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
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input and error messages.
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.Pp
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By default
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.Nm
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displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
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in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics (a la
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.Xr iostat 8 ) ,
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virtual memory statistics (a la
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.Xr vmstat 8 ) ,
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network ``mbuf'' utilization,
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.Tn TCP/IP
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statistics,
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and network connections (a la
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.Xr netstat 1 ) .
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.Pp
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Input is interpreted at two different levels.
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A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
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If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
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input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
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allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
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.Pp
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Command line options:
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.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
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.It Fl Ns Ar display
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The
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.Fl
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flag expects
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.Ar display
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to be one of:
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.Ic icmp ,
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.Ic iostat ,
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.Ic ip ,
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.Ic mbufs ,
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.Ic netstat ,
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.Ic pigs ,
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.Ic swap ,
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.Ic tcp ,
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or
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.Ic vmstat .
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These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
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.Dq Fl )
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and are described in
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full detail below.
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.It Ar refresh-interval
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The
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.Ar refresh-value
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specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
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.El
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.Pp
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Certain characters cause immediate action by
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.Nm .
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These are
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic \&^L
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Refresh the screen.
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.It Ic \&^G
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Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
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the lower window and the refresh interval.
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.It Ic \&^Z
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Stop
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.Nm .
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.It Ic \&:
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Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
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line typed as a command. While entering a command the
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current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
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may be used.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
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command interpreter.
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic help
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Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
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.It Ic load
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Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
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on the command line.
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.It Ic stop
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Stop refreshing the screen.
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.It Xo
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.Op Ic start
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.Op Ar number
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.Xc
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Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
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argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
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(in seconds).
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Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
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value.
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.It Ic quit
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Exit
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.Nm .
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(This may be abbreviated to
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.Ic q . )
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.El
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.Pp
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The available displays are:
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.Bl -tag -width Ic
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.It Ic pigs
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Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
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memory and getting the
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largest portion of the processor (the default display).
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When less than 100% of the
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processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
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is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
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.It Ic icmp
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Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
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transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
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.Pq Dq Tn ICMP .
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The left half of the screen displays information about received
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packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
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packets.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic icmp
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display understands two commands:
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.Ic mode
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and
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.Ic reset .
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The
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.Ic mode
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command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
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.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
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.It Ic rate :
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show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
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per second
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.It Ic delta :
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show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
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.It Ic since :
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show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
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.It Ic absolute :
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show the absolute value of each statistic
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic reset
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command resets the baseline for
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.Ic since
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mode. The
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.Ic mode
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command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
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line.
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.It Ic ip
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Otherwise identical to the
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.Ic icmp
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display, except that it displays
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.Tn IP
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and
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.Tn UDP
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statistics.
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.It Ic tcp
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Like
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.Ic icmp ,
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but with
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.Tn TCP
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statistics.
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.It Ic iostat
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Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
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and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
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bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
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in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
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system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
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and idle (``idle''). Statistics
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on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
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average number of disk transactions per second, and
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average kilobytes of data per transaction. This information may be
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displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
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graphs are shown by default.
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.Pp
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The following commands are specific to the
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.Ic iostat
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display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Cm numbers
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Show the disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics in numeric form. Values are
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displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
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.It Cm bars
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Show the disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics in bar graph form (default).
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.It Cm kbpt
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Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
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(the default is to
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not display kilobytes per transaction).
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.El
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.It Ic swap
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Show information about swap space usage on all the
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swap areas compiled into the kernel.
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The first column is the device name of the partition.
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The next column is the total space available in the partition.
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The
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.Ar Used
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column indicates the total blocks used so far;
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the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
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If there are more than one swap partition in use,
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a total line is also shown.
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Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
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.It Ic mbufs
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Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
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for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
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.It Ic vmstat
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Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
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of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
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device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
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.Tn I/O
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etc.
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.Pp
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The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
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of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
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and fifteen minute intervals.
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Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
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The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
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active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
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twenty seconds.
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The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
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The first column reports on the number of physical pages
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claimed by processes.
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The second column reports the number of physical pages that
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are devoted to read only text pages.
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The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
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virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
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needed if all processes had all of their pages.
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Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
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on the free list.
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.Pp
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Below the memory display is a list of the
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average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
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that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
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in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
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sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
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The row also shows the average number of context switches
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(`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
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interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
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faults (`Flt').
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.Pp
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Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
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a bar graph showing the amount of
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system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
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nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
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.Pp
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Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
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It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
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the number and percentage of the translations that were
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handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
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the number and percentage of the translations that were
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handled by the per process name translation cache.
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.Pp
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At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
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It reports the number of
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kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
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per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
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over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
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The system keeps statistics on most every storage device. In general, up
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to seven devices are displayed. The devices displayed by default are the
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first devices in the kernel's device list. See
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.Xr devstat 3
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and
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.Xr devstat 9
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for details on the devstat system.
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.Pp
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Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
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on paging and swapping activity.
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The first two columns report the average number of pages
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brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
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due to page faults and the paging daemon.
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The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
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brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
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due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
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The first row of the display shows the average
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number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
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the second row of the display shows the average
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number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
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.Pp
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Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
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memory system which list the average number of
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pages copied on write (`cow'),
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pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
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slow (on-the-fly) zero fills percentage (`%slo-z'),
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pages wired down (`wire'),
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active pages (`act'),
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inactive pages (`inact'),
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pages on the buffer cache queue (`cache'),
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number of free pages (`free'),
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pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
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pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
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pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
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times the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
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pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
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and
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intransit blocking page faults (`intrn')
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per second over the refresh interval.
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.Pp
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At the bottom of this column are lines showing the
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amount of memory, in kilobytes, used for the buffer cache (`buf'),
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the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dirtybuf'),
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desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desiredvnodes') (mostly unused,
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except to size the name cache),
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number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvnodes'),
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and
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number of allocated vnodes that are free (`freevnodes').
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.Pp
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Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
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of the interrupts being handled by the system.
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At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
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over the time interval.
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The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
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by device basis.
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Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
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.Pp
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The following commands are specific to the
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.Ic vmstat
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display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm boot
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Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
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.It Cm run
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Display statistics as a running total from the point this
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command is given.
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.It Cm time
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Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
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.It Cm want_fd
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Toggle the display of fd devices in the disk usage display.
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.It Cm zero
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Reset running statistics to zero.
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.El
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.It Ic netstat
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Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
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network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
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is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
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when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
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limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
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(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm all
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Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
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is the equivalent of the
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.Fl a
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flag to
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.Xr netstat 1 ) .
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.It Cm numbers
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Display network addresses numerically.
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.It Cm names
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Display network addresses symbolically.
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.It Cm proto Ar protocol
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Display only network connections using the indicated
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.Ar protocol .
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Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
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.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
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Do not display information about connections associated with
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the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
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by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
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use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
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may be specified with a single command by separating them with
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spaces.
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.It Cm display Op Ar items
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Display information about the connections associated with the
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specified hosts or ports. As for
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.Ar ignore ,
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.Op Ar items
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may be names or numbers.
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.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
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Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
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hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
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are prefixed with a `!'. If
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.Ar ports
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or
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.Ar hosts
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is supplied as an argument to
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.Cm show ,
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then only the requested information will be displayed.
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.It Cm reset
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Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
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(any protocol, port, or host).
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
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minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
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Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
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insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
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drives the
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.Ic iostat
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bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
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a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
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truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
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.Pp
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The following commands are common to each display which shows
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information about disk drives. These commands are used to
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select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
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more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
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screen.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
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Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
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drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
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.It Cm display Op Ar drives
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Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
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may be specified, separated by spaces.
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.It Cm only Op Ar drives
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Display only the specified drives. Multiple drives may be specified,
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separated by spaces.
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.It Cm drives
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Display a list of available devices.
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.It Cm match Xo
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.Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
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.Op | Ar ...
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.Xc
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Display devivces matching the given pattern. The basic matching
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expressions are the same as those used in
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.Xr iostat 8
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with one difference. Instead of specifying multiple
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.Fl t
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arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifys multiple
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matching expressions joined by the pipe
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.Pq Ql \&|
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character.
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The comma
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separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
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then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together. Any
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device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
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to display it. For example:
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.Pp
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.Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
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.Pp
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This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
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.Pp
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.Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
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.Pp
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This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
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and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr netstat 1 ,
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.Xr kvm 3 ,
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.Xr icmp 4 ,
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.Xr ip 4 ,
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.Xr tcp 4 ,
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.Xr udp 4 ,
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.Xr iostat 8 ,
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.Xr vmstat 8
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
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.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
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For the namelist.
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.It Pa /dev/kmem
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For information in main memory.
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.It Pa /etc/hosts
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For host names.
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.It Pa /etc/networks
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For network names.
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.It Pa /etc/services
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For port names.
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.El
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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program appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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The
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.Ic icmp ,
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.Ic ip ,
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and
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.Ic tcp
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displays appeared in
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.Fx 3.0 ;
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the notion of having different display modes for the
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.Tn ICMP ,
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.Tn IP ,
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.Tn TCP ,
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and
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.Tn UDP
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statistics was stolen from the
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.Fl C
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option to
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.Xr netstat 1
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in Silicon Graphics'
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.Tn IRIX
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system.
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.Sh BUGS
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Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
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The
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.Ic vmstat
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|
display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
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a separate display rather than created as a new program).
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