385 lines
9.4 KiB
Plaintext
385 lines
9.4 KiB
Plaintext
.TH LESSKEY 1 "Version 381: 17 Jan 2003"
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.SH NAME
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lesskey \- specify key bindings for less
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B "lesskey [-o output] [--] [input]"
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.br
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.B "lesskey [--output=output] [--] [input]"
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.br
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.B "lesskey -V"
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.br
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.B "lesskey --version"
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Lesskey
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is used to specify a set of key bindings to be used by
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.I less.
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The input file is a text file which describes the key bindings,
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If the input file is "-", standard input is read.
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If no input file is specified, a standard filename is used
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as the name of the input file, which depends on the system being used:
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On Unix systems, $HOME/.lesskey is used;
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on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_lesskey is used;
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and on OS/2 systems $HOME/lesskey.ini is used,
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or $INIT/lesskey.ini if $HOME is undefined.
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The output file is a binary file which is used by
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.I less.
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If no output file is specified,
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and the environment variable LESSKEY is set,
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the value of LESSKEY is used as the name of the output file.
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Otherwise, a standard filename is used as the name of the output file,
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which depends on the system being used:
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On Unix and OS-9 systems, $HOME/.less is used;
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on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_less is used;
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and on OS/2 systems, $HOME/less.ini is used,
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or $INIT/less.ini if $HOME is undefined.
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If the output file already exists,
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.I lesskey
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will overwrite it.
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.PP
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The -V or --version option causes
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.I lesskey
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to print its version number and immediately exit.
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If -V or --version is present, other options and arguments are ignored.
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.PP
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The input file consists of one or more
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.I sections.
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Each section starts with a line that identifies the type of section.
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Possible sections are:
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.IP #command
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Defines new command keys.
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.IP #line-edit
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Defines new line-editing keys.
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.IP #env
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Defines environment variables.
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.PP
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Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#) are ignored,
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except for the special section header lines.
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.SH "COMMAND SECTION"
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The command section begins with the line
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.sp
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#command
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.sp
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If the command section is the first section in the file,
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this line may be omitted.
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The command section consists of lines of the form:
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.sp
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\fIstring\fP <whitespace> \fIaction\fP [extra-string] <newline>
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.sp
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Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs.
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The \fIstring\fP is the command key(s) which invoke the action.
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The \fIstring\fP may be a single command key, or a sequence of up to 15 keys.
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The \fIaction\fP is the name of the less action, from the list below.
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The characters in the \fIstring\fP may appear literally, or be
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prefixed by a caret to indicate a control key.
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A backslash followed by one to three octal digits may be used to
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specify a character by its octal value.
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A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input
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characters as follows:
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.IP \eb
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BACKSPACE
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.IP \ee
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ESCAPE
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.IP \en
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NEWLINE
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.IP \er
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RETURN
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.IP \et
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TAB
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.IP \eku
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UP ARROW
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.IP \ekd
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DOWN ARROW
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.IP \ekr
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RIGHT ARROW
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.IP \ekl
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LEFT ARROW
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.IP \ekU
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PAGE UP
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.IP \ekD
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PAGE DOWN
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.IP \ekh
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HOME
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.IP \eke
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END
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.IP \ekx
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DELETE
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.PP
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A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is
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to be taken literally.
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Characters which must be preceded by backslash include
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caret, space, tab and the backslash itself.
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.PP
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An action may be followed by an "extra" string.
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When such a command is entered while running
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.I less,
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the action is performed, and then the extra
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string is parsed, just as if it were typed in to
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.I less.
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This feature can be used in certain cases to extend
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the functionality of a command.
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For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below.
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The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit" action:
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when
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.I less
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quits, first character of the extra string is used as its exit status.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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The following input file describes the set of
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default command keys used by less:
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.sp
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.nf
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#command
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\er forw-line
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\en forw-line
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e forw-line
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j forw-line
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\ekd forw-line
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^E forw-line
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^N forw-line
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k back-line
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y back-line
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^Y back-line
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^K back-line
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^P back-line
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J forw-line-force
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K back-line-force
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Y back-line-force
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d forw-scroll
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^D forw-scroll
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u back-scroll
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^U back-scroll
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\e40 forw-screen
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f forw-screen
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^F forw-screen
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^V forw-screen
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\ekD forw-screen
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b back-screen
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^B back-screen
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\eev back-screen
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\ekU back-screen
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z forw-window
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w back-window
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\ee\e40 forw-screen-force
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F forw-forever
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R repaint-flush
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r repaint
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^R repaint
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^L repaint
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\eeu undo-hilite
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g goto-line
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\ekh goto-line
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< goto-line
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\ee< goto-line
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p percent
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% percent
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\ee[ left-scroll
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\ee] right-scroll
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\ee( left-scroll
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\ee) right-scroll
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{ forw-bracket {}
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} back-bracket {}
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( forw-bracket ()
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) back-bracket ()
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[ forw-bracket []
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] back-bracket []
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\ee^F forw-bracket
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\ee^B back-bracket
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G goto-end
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\ee> goto-end
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> goto-end
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\eke goto-end
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= status
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^G status
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:f status
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/ forw-search
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? back-search
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\ee/ forw-search *
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\ee? back-search *
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n repeat-search
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\een repeat-search-all
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N reverse-search
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\eeN reverse-search-all
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m set-mark
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' goto-mark
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^X^X goto-mark
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E examine
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:e examine
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^X^V examine
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:n next-file
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:p prev-file
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t next-tag
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T prev-tag
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:x index-file
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:d remove-file
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- toggle-option
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:t toggle-option t
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s toggle-option o
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_ display-option
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| pipe
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v visual
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! shell
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+ firstcmd
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H help
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h help
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V version
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0 digit
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1 digit
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2 digit
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3 digit
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4 digit
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5 digit
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6 digit
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7 digit
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8 digit
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9 digit
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q quit
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Q quit
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:q quit
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:Q quit
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ZZ quit
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.fi
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.sp
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.SH PRECEDENCE
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Commands specified by
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.I lesskey
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take precedence over the default commands.
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A default command key may be disabled by including it in the
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input file with the action "invalid".
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Alternatively, a key may be defined
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to do nothing by using the action "noaction".
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"noaction" is similar to "invalid", but
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.I less
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will give an error beep for an "invalid" command,
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but not for a "noaction" command.
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In addition, ALL default commands may be disabled by
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adding this control line to the input file:
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.sp
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#stop
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.sp
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This will cause all default commands to be ignored.
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The #stop line should be the last line in that section of the file.
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.PP
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Be aware that #stop can be dangerous.
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Since all default commands are disabled,
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you must provide sufficient commands before the #stop line
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to enable all necessary actions.
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For example, failure to provide a "quit" command can lead to frustration.
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.SH "LINE EDITING SECTION"
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The line-editing section begins with the line:
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.sp
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#line-edit
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.sp
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This section specifies new key bindings for the line editing commands,
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in a manner similar to the way key bindings for
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ordinary commands are specified in the #command section.
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The line-editing section consists of a list of keys and actions,
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one per line as in the example below.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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The following input file describes the set of
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default line-editing keys used by less:
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.sp
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.nf
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#line-edit
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\et forw-complete
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\e17 back-complete
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\ee\et back-complete
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^L expand
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^V literal
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^A literal
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\eel right
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\ekr right
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\eeh left
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\ekl left
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\eeb word-left
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\ee\ekl word-left
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\eew word-right
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\ee\ekr word-right
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\eei insert
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\eex delete
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\ekx delete
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\eeX word-delete
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\eekx word-delete
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\ee\eb word-backspace
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\ee0 home
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\ekh home
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\ee$ end
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\eke end
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\eek up
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\eku up
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\eej down
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.fi
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.sp
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.SH "LESS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
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The environment variable section begins with the line
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.sp
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#env
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.sp
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Following this line is a list of environment variable assignments.
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Each line consists of an environment variable name, an equals sign (=)
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and the value to be assigned to the environment variable.
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White space before and after the equals sign is ignored.
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Variables assigned in this way are visible only to
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.I less.
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If a variable is specified in the system environment and also in a
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lesskey file, the value in the lesskey file takes precedence.
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Although the lesskey file can be used to override variables set in the
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environment, the main purpose of assigning variables in the lesskey file
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is simply to have all
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.I less
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configuration information stored in one file.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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The following input file sets the -i option whenever
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.I less
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is run, and specifies the character set to be "latin1":
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.sp
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.nf
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#env
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LESS = -i
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LESSCHARSET = latin1
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.fi
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.sp
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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less(1)
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.SH WARNINGS
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It is not possible to specify special keys, such as uparrow,
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in a keyboard-independent manner.
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The only way to specify such keys is to specify the escape sequence
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which a particular keyboard sends when such a key is pressed.
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.PP
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On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, certain keys send a sequence of characters
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which start with a NUL character (0).
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This NUL character should be represented as \e340 in a lesskey file.
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.SH COPYRIGHT
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Copyright (C) 2000 Mark Nudelman
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.PP
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lesskey is part of the GNU project and is free software;
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you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation;
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either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
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.PP
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lesskey is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
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or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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See the GNU General Public License for more details.
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.PP
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with lesskey; see the file COPYING.
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If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place,
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Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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.SH AUTHOR
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.PP
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Mark Nudelman <markn@greenwoodsoftware.com>
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.br
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Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to bug-less@gnu.org.
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