309 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
309 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2006 Daniel Gerzo <danger@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 28, 2006
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.Dt NANOBSD 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm nanobsd.sh
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.Nd utility used to create a FreeBSD system image suitable for embedded
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applications
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl bhkw
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.Op Fl c Ar config-file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is a script which produces a minimal implementation of
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.Fx
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(called
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.Nm NanoBSD ) ,
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which typically fits on a small media such as a Compact Flash card,
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or other mass storage medium.
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It can be used to build specialized install images, designed for easy
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installation and maintenance.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Fl c Ar config-file" -offset indent
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.It Fl b
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Skip the build stages (both for kernel and world).
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.It Fl c Ar config-file
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Specify the configuration file to use.
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.It Fl h
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Display usage information.
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.It Fl k
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Skip the
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.Cm buildkernel
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stage of the build.
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.It Fl w
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Skip the
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.Cm buildworld
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stage of the build.
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.El
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.Pp
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The features of
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.Nm NanoBSD
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include:
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.Pp
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.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
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.It
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Ports and packages work as in
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.Fx .
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Every single application can be installed and used in a
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.Nm NanoBSD
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image, the same way as in
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.Fx .
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.It
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No missing functionality.
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If it is possible to do something with
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.Fx ,
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it is possible to do the same thing with
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.Nm NanoBSD ,
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unless the specific feature or features were explicitly removed from the
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.Nm NanoBSD
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image when it was created.
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.It
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Everything is read-only at run-time.
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It is safe to pull the power-plug.
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There is no necessity to run
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.Xr fsck 8
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after a non-graceful shutdown of the system.
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.It
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Easy to build and customize.
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Making use of just one shell script and one configuration file it is
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possible to build reduced and customized images satisfying any arbitrary
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set of requirements.
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.El
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.Ss Nm NanoBSD Ss Media Layout
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The mass storage medium is divided into three parts by default (which
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are normally mounted read-only):
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.Pp
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.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
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.It
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Two image partitions:
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.Li code#1
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and
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.Li code#2 .
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.It
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The configuration file partition, which can be mounted under the
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.Pa /cfg
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directory at run time.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Pa /etc
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and
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.Pa /var
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directories are
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.Xr md 4
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(malloc backed) disks.
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.Pp
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The configuration file partition persists under the
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.Pa /cfg
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directory.
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It contains files for
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.Pa /etc
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directory and is briefly mounted read-only right after the system boot,
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therefore it is required to copy modified files from
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.Pa /etc
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back to the
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.Pa /cfg
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directory if changes are expected to persist after the system restarts.
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.Sh BUILDING Nm NanoBSD
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A
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.Nm NanoBSD
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image is built using a simple
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.Nm
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shell script, which can be
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found in the
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.Pa src/tools/tools/nanobsd
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directory.
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This script creates a bootable image, which can be copied on the storage
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medium using the
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.Xr dd 1
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utility.
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.Pp
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The necessary commands to build and install a
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.Nm NanoBSD
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image are:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cd /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd
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sh nanobsd.sh
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cd /usr/obj/nanobsd.full
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dd if=_.disk.full of=/dev/da0 bs=64k
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.Ed
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.Sh CUSTOMIZING Nm NanoBSD
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This is probably the most important and most interesting feature of
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.Nm NanoBSD .
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This is also where you will be spending most of the time when developing with
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.Nm NanoBSD .
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.Pp
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Customization is done in two ways:
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.Pp
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.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
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.It
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Configuration options.
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.It
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Custom functions.
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.El
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.Pp
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With configuration settings, it is possible to configure options passed
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to both the
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.Cm buildworld
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and
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.Cm installworld
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stages of the
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.Nm NanoBSD
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build process, as well as internal options passed to the main build
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process of
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.Nm NanoBSD .
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Through these options it is possible to cut the system down, so it will
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fit on as little as 64MB.
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You can use the configuration options to trim down the system
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even more, until it will consist of just the kernel and two or three
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files in the userland.
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.Pp
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The configuration file consists of configuration options, which override
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the default values.
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The most important directives are:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Va CONF_INSTALL" -offset indent
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.It Va NANO_NAME
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Build name (used to construct the working directory names).
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.It Va NANO_SRC
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Path to the source tree used to build the image.
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.It Va NANO_KERNEL
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Name of the kernel configuration file used to build the kernel.
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.It Va CONF_BUILD
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Options passed to the
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.Cm buildworld
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stage of the build.
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.It Va CONF_INSTALL
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Options passed to the
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.Cm installworld
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stage of the build.
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.It Va CONF_WORLD
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Options passed to both the
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.Cm buildworld
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and
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.Cm installworld
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stages of the build.
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.It Va FlashDevice
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Defines the type of media to use.
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Check the
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.Pa FlashDevice.sub
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file for more details.
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.El
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.Pp
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For more configuration options, please check the
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.Nm
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script.
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.Pp
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To build
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.Nm NanoBSD
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image using the
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.Pa nanobsd.conf
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configuration file, use the following command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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sh nanobsd.sh -c nanobsd.conf
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.Ed
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.Pp
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It is possible to fine-tune
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.Nm NanoBSD
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using shell functions in the configuration file.
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The following example illustrates the basic model of custom functions:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cust_foo () (
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echo "bar=topless" > \\
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${NANO_WORLDDIR}/etc/foo
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)
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customize_cmd cust_foo
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.Ed
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.Pp
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There are a few pre-defined customization functions ready for use:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm cust_allow_ssh_root" -offset indent
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.It Cm cust_comconsole
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Disables
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.Xr getty 8
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on the virtual
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.Xr syscons 4
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terminals
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.Pq Pa /dev/ttyv*
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and enables the use of the first serial port as the system
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console.
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.It Cm cust_allow_ssh_root
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Allow root to log in via
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.Xr sshd 8 .
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.It Cm cust_install_files
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Installs files from the
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.Pa nanobsd/Files
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directory, which contains some useful scripts for system administration.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa src/tools/tools/nanobsd" -compact
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.It Pa src/tools/tools/nanobsd
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Base directory of the
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.Nm NanoBSD
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build script.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Making persistent changes to
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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vi /etc/resolv.conf
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\&...
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mount /cfg
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cp /etc/resolv.conf /cfg
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umount /cfg
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.Ed
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.Pp
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A more useful example of a customization function is the following,
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which changes the default size of the
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.Pa /etc
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directory from 5MB to 30MB:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cust_etc_size () (
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cd ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/conf
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echo 30000 > default/etc/md_size
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)
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customize_cmd cust_etc_size
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr make.conf 5 ,
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.Xr picobsd 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in
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.Fx 6.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An -nosplit
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.Nm NanoBSD
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was developed by
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.An Poul-Henning Kamp Aq phk@FreeBSD.org .
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This manual page was written by
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.An Daniel Gerzo Aq danger@FreeBSD.org .
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