5704 lines
138 KiB
Plaintext
5704 lines
138 KiB
Plaintext
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2001 Brian Somers <brian@Awfulhak.org>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 20, 1995
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.Dt PPP 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ppp
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.Nd Point to Point Protocol (a.k.a. user-ppp)
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Va mode
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.Op Fl nat
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.Op Fl quiet
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.Op Fl unit Ns Ar N
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.Op Ar system ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This is a user process
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.Em PPP
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software package.
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Normally,
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.Em PPP
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is implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g., as managed by
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.Xr pppd 8 )
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and it's thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behaviour.
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However, in this implementation
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.Em PPP
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is done as a user process with the help of the
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tunnel device driver (tun).
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl nat
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flag does the equivalent of a
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.Dq nat enable yes ,
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enabling
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.Nm Ns No 's
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network address translation features.
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This allows
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.Nm
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to act as a NAT or masquerading engine for all machines on an internal
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LAN.
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Refer to
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.Xr libalias 3
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for details.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl quiet
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flag tells
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.Nm
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to be silent at startup rather than displaying the mode and interface
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to standard output.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl unit
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flag tells
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.Nm
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to only attempt to open
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.Pa /dev/tun Ns Ar N .
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Normally,
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.Nm
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will start with a value of 0 for
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.Ar N ,
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and keep trying to open a tunnel device by incrementing the value of
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.Ar N
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by one each time until it succeeds.
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If it fails three times in a row
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because the device file is missing, it gives up.
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.Pp
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The following
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.Va mode Ns No s
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are understood by
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width XXX -offset XXX
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.It Fl auto
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.Nm
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opens the tun interface, configures it then goes into the background.
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The link isn't brought up until outgoing data is detected on the tun
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interface at which point
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.Nm
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attempts to bring up the link.
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Packets received (including the first one) while
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.Nm
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is trying to bring the link up will remain queued for a default of
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2 minutes.
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See the
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.Dq set choked
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command below.
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.Pp
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In
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.Fl auto
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mode, at least one
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.Dq system
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must be given on the command line (see below) and a
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.Dq set ifaddr
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must be done in the system profile that specifies a peer IP address to
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use when configuring the interface.
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Something like
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.Dq 10.0.0.1/0
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is usually appropriate.
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See the
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.Dq pmdemand
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system in
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.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
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for an example.
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.It Fl background
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Here,
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.Nm
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attempts to establish a connection with the peer immediately.
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If it succeeds,
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.Nm
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goes into the background and the parent process returns an exit code
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of 0.
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If it fails,
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.Nm
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exits with a non-zero result.
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.It Fl foreground
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In foreground mode,
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.Nm
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attempts to establish a connection with the peer immediately, but never
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becomes a daemon.
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The link is created in background mode.
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This is useful if you wish to control
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.Nm Ns No 's
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invocation from another process.
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.It Fl direct
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This is used for receiving incoming connections.
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.Nm
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ignores the
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.Dq set device
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line and uses descriptor 0 as the link.
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.Pp
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If callback is configured,
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.Nm
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will use the
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.Dq set device
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information when dialing back.
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.It Fl dedicated
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This option is designed for machines connected with a dedicated
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wire.
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.Nm
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will always keep the device open and will never use any configured
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chat scripts.
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.It Fl ddial
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This mode is equivalent to
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.Fl auto
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mode except that
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.Nm
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will bring the link back up any time it's dropped for any reason.
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.It Fl interactive
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This is a no-op, and gives the same behaviour as if none of the above
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modes have been specified.
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.Nm
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loads any sections specified on the command line then provides an
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interactive prompt.
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.El
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.Pp
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One or more configuration entries or systems
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.Pq as specified in Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
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may also be specified on the command line.
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.Nm
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will read the
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.Dq default
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system from
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
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at startup, followed by each of the systems specified on the command line.
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.Sh Major Features
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.Bl -diag
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.It Provides an interactive user interface.
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Using its command mode, the user can
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easily enter commands to establish the connection with the remote end, check
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the status of connection and close the connection.
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All functions can also be optionally password protected for security.
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.It Supports both manual and automatic dialing.
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Interactive mode has a
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.Dq term
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command which enables you to talk to the device directly.
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When you are connected to the remote peer and it starts to talk
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.Em PPP ,
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.Nm
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detects it and switches to packet mode automatically.
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Once you have
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determined the proper sequence for connecting with the remote host, you
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can write a chat script to define the necessary dialing and login
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procedure for later convenience.
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.It Supports on-demand dialup capability.
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By using
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.Fl auto
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mode,
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.Nm
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will act as a daemon and wait for a packet to be sent over the
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.Em PPP
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link.
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When this happens, the daemon automatically dials and establishes the
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connection.
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In almost the same manner
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.Fl ddial
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mode (direct-dial mode) also automatically dials and establishes the
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connection.
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However, it differs in that it will dial the remote site
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any time it detects the link is down, even if there are no packets to be
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sent.
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This mode is useful for full-time connections where we worry less
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about line charges and more about being connected full time.
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A third
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.Fl dedicated
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mode is also available.
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This mode is targeted at a dedicated link between two machines.
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.Nm
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will never voluntarily quit from dedicated mode - you must send it the
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.Dq quit all
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command via its diagnostic socket.
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A
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.Dv SIGHUP
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will force an LCP renegotiation, and a
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.Dv SIGTERM
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will force it to exit.
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.It Supports client callback.
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.Nm
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can use either the standard LCP callback protocol or the Microsoft
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CallBack Control Protocol (ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/rfc/cbcp.txt).
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.It Supports NAT or packet aliasing.
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Packet aliasing (a.k.a. IP masquerading) allows computers on a
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private, unregistered network to access the Internet.
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The
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.Em PPP
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host acts as a masquerading gateway.
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IP addresses as well as TCP and
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UDP port numbers are NAT'd for outgoing packets and de-NAT'd for
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returning packets.
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.It Supports background PPP connections.
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In background mode, if
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.Nm
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successfully establishes the connection, it will become a daemon.
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Otherwise, it will exit with an error.
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This allows the setup of
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scripts that wish to execute certain commands only if the connection
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is successfully established.
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.It Supports server-side PPP connections.
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In direct mode,
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.Nm
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acts as server which accepts incoming
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.Em PPP
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connections on stdin/stdout.
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.It "Supports PAP and CHAP (rfc 1994, 2433 and 2759) authentication.
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With PAP or CHAP, it is possible to skip the Unix style
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.Xr login 1
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procedure, and use the
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.Em PPP
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protocol for authentication instead.
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If the peer requests Microsoft CHAP authentication and
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.Nm
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is compiled with DES support, an appropriate MD4/DES response will be
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made.
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.It Supports RADIUS (rfc 2138) authentication.
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An extension to PAP and CHAP,
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.Em \&R Ns No emote
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.Em \&A Ns No ccess
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.Em \&D Ns No ial
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.Em \&I Ns No n
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.Em \&U Ns No ser
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.Em \&S Ns No ervice
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allows authentication information to be stored in a central or
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distributed database along with various per-user framed connection
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characteristics.
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If
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.Pa libradius
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is available at compile time,
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.Nm
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will use it to make
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.Em RADIUS
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requests when configured to do so.
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.It Supports Proxy Arp.
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.Nm
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can be configured to make one or more proxy arp entries on behalf of
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the peer.
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This allows routing from the peer to the LAN without
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configuring each machine on that LAN.
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.It Supports packet filtering.
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User can define four kinds of filters: the
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.Em in
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filter for incoming packets, the
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.Em out
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filter for outgoing packets, the
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.Em dial
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filter to define a dialing trigger packet and the
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.Em alive
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filter for keeping a connection alive with the trigger packet.
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.It Tunnel driver supports bpf.
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The user can use
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.Xr tcpdump 1
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to check the packet flow over the
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.Em PPP
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link.
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.It Supports PPP over TCP and PPP over UDP.
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If a device name is specified as
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.Em host Ns No : Ns Em port Ns
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.Xo
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.Op / Ns tcp|udp ,
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.Xc
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.Nm
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will open a TCP or UDP connection for transporting data rather than using a
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conventional serial device.
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UDP connections force
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.Nm
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into synchronous mode.
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.It Supports PPP over ISDN.
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If
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.Nm
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is given a raw B-channel i4b device to open as a link, it's able to talk
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to the
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.Xr isdnd 8
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daemon to establish an ISDN connection.
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.It Supports PPP over Ethernet (rfc 2516).
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If
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.Nm
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is given a device specification of the format
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.No PPPoE: Ns Ar iface Ns Xo
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.Op \&: Ns Ar provider Ns
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.Xc
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and if
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.Xr netgraph 4
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is available,
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.Nm
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will attempt talk
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.Em PPP
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over Ethernet to
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.Ar provider
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using the
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.Ar iface
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network interface.
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.Pp
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On systems that do not support
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.Xr netgraph 4 ,
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an external program such as
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.Xr pppoe 8
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may be used.
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.It "Supports IETF draft Predictor-1 (rfc 1978) and DEFLATE (rfc 1979) compression."
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.Nm
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supports not only VJ-compression but also Predictor-1 and DEFLATE compression.
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Normally, a modem has built-in compression (e.g., v42.bis) and the system
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may receive higher data rates from it as a result of such compression.
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While this is generally a good thing in most other situations, this
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higher speed data imposes a penalty on the system by increasing the
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number of serial interrupts the system has to process in talking to the
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modem and also increases latency.
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Unlike VJ-compression, Predictor-1 and DEFLATE compression pre-compresses
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.Em all
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network traffic flowing through the link, thus reducing overheads to a
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minimum.
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.It Supports Microsoft's IPCP extensions (rfc 1877).
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Name Server Addresses and NetBIOS Name Server Addresses can be negotiated
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with clients using the Microsoft
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.Em PPP
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stack (i.e., Win95, WinNT)
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.It Supports Multi-link PPP (rfc 1990)
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It is possible to configure
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.Nm
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to open more than one physical connection to the peer, combining the
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bandwidth of all links for better throughput.
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.It Supports MPPE (draft-ietf-pppext-mppe)
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MPPE is Microsoft Point to Point Encryption scheme.
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It is possible to configure
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.Nm
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to participate in Microsoft's Windows VPN.
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For now,
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.Nm
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can only get encryption keys from CHAP 81 authentication.
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.Nm
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must be compiled with DES for MPPE to operate.
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.El
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.Sh PERMISSIONS
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.Nm
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is installed as user
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.Dv root
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and group
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.Dv network ,
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with permissions
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.Dv 04554 .
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By default,
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.Nm
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will not run if the invoking user id is not zero.
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This may be overridden by using the
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.Dq allow users
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command in
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
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When running as a normal user,
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.Nm
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switches to user id 0 in order to alter the system routing table, set up
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system lock files and read the ppp configuration files.
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All external commands (executed via the "shell" or "!bg" commands) are executed
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as the user id that invoked
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.Nm .
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Refer to the
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.Sq ID0
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logging facility if you're interested in what exactly is done as user id
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zero.
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.Sh GETTING STARTED
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When you first run
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.Nm
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you may need to deal with some initial configuration details.
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Your kernel must include a tunnel device (the GENERIC kernel includes
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one by default).
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If it doesn't, or if you require more than one tun
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interface, you'll need to rebuild your kernel with the following line in
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your kernel configuration file:
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.Pp
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.Dl pseudo-device tun N
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar N
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is the maximum number of
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.Em PPP
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connections you wish to support.
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.It
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Check your
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.Pa /dev
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directory for the tunnel device entries
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.Pa /dev/tunN ,
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where
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.Sq N
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represents the number of the tun device, starting at zero.
|
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If they don't exist, you can create them by running "sh ./MAKEDEV tunN".
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This will create tun devices 0 through
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.Ar N .
|
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.It
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Make sure that your system has a group named
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.Dq network
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in the
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.Pa /etc/group
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file and that the group contains the names of all users expected to use
|
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.Nm .
|
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Refer to the
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.Xr group 5
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manual page for details.
|
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Each of these users must also be given access using the
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.Dq allow users
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command in
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.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
|
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.It
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Create a log file.
|
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.Nm
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uses
|
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.Xr syslog 3
|
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to log information.
|
|
A common log file name is
|
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.Pa /var/log/ppp.log .
|
|
To make output go to this file, put the following lines in the
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|
.Pa /etc/syslog.conf
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|
file:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
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!ppp
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*.*<TAB>/var/log/ppp.log
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.Ed
|
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.Pp
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|
It is possible to have more than one
|
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.Em PPP
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log file by creating a link to the
|
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.Nm
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|
executable:
|
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.Pp
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.Dl # cd /usr/sbin
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|
.Dl # ln ppp ppp0
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.Pp
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|
and using
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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!ppp0
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*.*<TAB>/var/log/ppp0.log
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.Ed
|
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.Pp
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in
|
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.Pa /etc/syslog.conf .
|
|
Don't forget to send a
|
|
.Dv HUP
|
|
signal to
|
|
.Xr syslogd 8
|
|
after altering
|
|
.Pa /etc/syslog.conf .
|
|
.It
|
|
Although not strictly relevant to
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
operation, you should configure your resolver so that it works correctly.
|
|
This can be done by configuring a local DNS
|
|
.Pq using Xr named 8
|
|
or by adding the correct
|
|
.Sq nameserver
|
|
lines to the file
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Xr resolv.conf 5
|
|
manual page for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Alternatively, if the peer supports it,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
can be configured to ask the peer for the nameserver address(es) and to
|
|
update
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
automatically.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq enable dns
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq resolv
|
|
commands below for details.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh MANUAL DIALING
|
|
In the following examples, we assume that your machine name is
|
|
.Dv awfulhak .
|
|
when you invoke
|
|
.Nm
|
|
(see
|
|
.Sx PERMISSIONS
|
|
above) with no arguments, you are presented with a prompt:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sq ON
|
|
part of your prompt should always be in upper case.
|
|
If it is in lower case, it means that you must supply a password using the
|
|
.Dq passwd
|
|
command.
|
|
This only ever happens if you connect to a running version of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
and have not authenticated yourself using the correct password.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can start by specifying the device name and speed:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set device /dev/cuaa0
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set speed 38400
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Normally, hardware flow control (CTS/RTS) is used.
|
|
However, under
|
|
certain circumstances (as may happen when you are connected directly
|
|
to certain PPP-capable terminal servers), this may result in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
hanging as soon as it tries to write data to your communications link
|
|
as it is waiting for the CTS (clear to send) signal - which will never
|
|
come.
|
|
Thus, if you have a direct line and can't seem to make a
|
|
connection, try turning CTS/RTS off with
|
|
.Dq set ctsrts off .
|
|
If you need to do this, check the
|
|
.Dq set accmap
|
|
description below too - you'll probably need to
|
|
.Dq set accmap 000a0000 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Usually, parity is set to
|
|
.Dq none ,
|
|
and this is
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
default.
|
|
Parity is a rather archaic error checking mechanism that is no
|
|
longer used because modern modems do their own error checking, and most
|
|
link-layer protocols (that's what
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is) use much more reliable checking mechanisms.
|
|
Parity has a relatively
|
|
huge overhead (a 12.5% increase in traffic) and as a result, it is always
|
|
disabled
|
|
.Pq set to Dq none
|
|
when
|
|
.Dv PPP
|
|
is opened.
|
|
However, some ISPs (Internet Service Providers) may use
|
|
specific parity settings at connection time (before
|
|
.Dv PPP
|
|
is opened).
|
|
Notably, Compuserve insist on even parity when logging in:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set parity even
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can now see what your current device settings look like:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> show physical
|
|
Name: deflink
|
|
State: closed
|
|
Device: N/A
|
|
Link Type: interactive
|
|
Connect Count: 0
|
|
Queued Packets: 0
|
|
Phone Number: N/A
|
|
|
|
Defaults:
|
|
Device List: /dev/cuaa0
|
|
Characteristics: 38400bps, cs8, even parity, CTS/RTS on
|
|
|
|
Connect time: 0 secs
|
|
0 octets in, 0 octets out
|
|
Overall 0 bytes/sec
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The term command can now be used to talk directly to the device:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> term
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
atdt123456
|
|
CONNECT
|
|
login: myispusername
|
|
Password: myisppassword
|
|
Protocol: ppp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When the peer starts to talk in
|
|
.Em PPP ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
detects this automatically and returns to command mode.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> # No link has been established
|
|
Ppp ON awfulhak> # We've connected & finished LCP
|
|
PPp ON awfulhak> # We've authenticated
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> # We've agreed IP numbers
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If it does not, it's probable that the peer is waiting for your end to
|
|
start negotiating.
|
|
To force
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to start sending
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
configuration packets to the peer, use the
|
|
.Dq ~p
|
|
command to drop out of terminal mode and enter packet mode.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you never even receive a login prompt, it is quite likely that the
|
|
peer wants to use PAP or CHAP authentication instead of using Unix-style
|
|
login/password authentication.
|
|
To set things up properly, drop back to
|
|
the prompt and set your authentication name and key, then reconnect:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
~.
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set authname myispusername
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set authkey myisppassword
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> term
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
atdt123456
|
|
CONNECT
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You may need to tell ppp to initiate negotiations with the peer here too:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
~p
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> # No link has been established
|
|
Ppp ON awfulhak> # We've connected & finished LCP
|
|
PPp ON awfulhak> # We've authenticated
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> # We've agreed IP numbers
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You are now connected!
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Sq PPP
|
|
in the prompt has changed to capital letters to indicate that you have
|
|
a peer connection.
|
|
If only some of the three Ps go uppercase, wait until
|
|
either everything is uppercase or lowercase.
|
|
If they revert to lowercase, it means that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
couldn't successfully negotiate with the peer.
|
|
A good first step for troubleshooting at this point would be to
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set log local phase lcp ipcp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
and try again.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq set log
|
|
command description below for further details.
|
|
If things fail at this point,
|
|
it is quite important that you turn logging on and try again.
|
|
It is also
|
|
important that you note any prompt changes and report them to anyone trying
|
|
to help you.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When the link is established, the show command can be used to see how
|
|
things are going:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show physical
|
|
* Modem related information is shown here *
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show ccp
|
|
* CCP (compression) related information is shown here *
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show lcp
|
|
* LCP (line control) related information is shown here *
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show ipcp
|
|
* IPCP (IP) related information is shown here *
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show link
|
|
* Link (high level) related information is shown here *
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show bundle
|
|
* Logical (high level) connection related information is shown here *
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
At this point, your machine has a host route to the peer.
|
|
This means
|
|
that you can only make a connection with the host on the other side
|
|
of the link.
|
|
If you want to add a default route entry (telling your
|
|
machine to send all packets without another routing entry to the other
|
|
side of the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link), enter the following command:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> add default HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The string
|
|
.Sq HISADDR
|
|
represents the IP address of the connected peer.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq add
|
|
command fails due to an existing route, you can overwrite the existing
|
|
route using
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> add! default HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This command can also be executed before actually making the connection.
|
|
If a new IP address is negotiated at connection time,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will update your default route accordingly.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can now use your network applications (ping, telnet, ftp etc.)
|
|
in other windows or terminals on your machine.
|
|
If you wish to reuse the current terminal, you can put
|
|
.Nm
|
|
into the background using your standard shell suspend and background
|
|
commands (usually
|
|
.Dq ^Z
|
|
followed by
|
|
.Dq bg ) .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Sx PPP COMMAND LIST
|
|
section for details on all available commands.
|
|
.Sh AUTOMATIC DIALING
|
|
To use automatic dialing, you must prepare some Dial and Login chat scripts.
|
|
See the example definitions in
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
(the format of
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
is pretty simple).
|
|
Each line contains one comment, inclusion, label or command:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
A line starting with a
|
|
.Pq Dq #
|
|
character is treated as a comment line.
|
|
Leading whitespace are ignored when identifying comment lines.
|
|
.It
|
|
An inclusion is a line beginning with the word
|
|
.Sq !include .
|
|
It must have one argument - the file to include.
|
|
You may wish to
|
|
.Dq !include ~/.ppp.conf
|
|
for compatibility with older versions of
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.It
|
|
A label name starts in the first column and is followed by
|
|
a colon
|
|
.Pq Dq \&: .
|
|
.It
|
|
A command line must contain a space or tab in the first column.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
file should consist of at least a
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
section.
|
|
This section is always executed.
|
|
It should also contain
|
|
one or more sections, named according to their purpose, for example,
|
|
.Dq MyISP
|
|
would represent your ISP, and
|
|
.Dq ppp-in
|
|
would represent an incoming
|
|
.Nm
|
|
configuration.
|
|
You can now specify the destination label name when you invoke
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
Commands associated with the
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
label are executed, followed by those associated with the destination
|
|
label provided.
|
|
When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is started with no arguments, the
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
section is still executed.
|
|
The load command can be used to manually load a section from the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> load MyISP
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note, no action is taken by
|
|
.Nm
|
|
after a section is loaded, whether it's the result of passing a label on
|
|
the command line or using the
|
|
.Dq load
|
|
command.
|
|
Only the commands specified for that label in the configuration
|
|
file are executed.
|
|
However, when invoking
|
|
.Nm
|
|
with the
|
|
.Fl background ,
|
|
.Fl ddial ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl dedicated
|
|
switches, the link mode tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to establish a connection.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq set mode
|
|
command below for further details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once the connection is made, the
|
|
.Sq ppp
|
|
portion of the prompt will change to
|
|
.Sq PPP :
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# ppp MyISP
|
|
\&...
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> dial
|
|
Ppp ON awfulhak>
|
|
PPp ON awfulhak>
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The Ppp prompt indicates that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has entered the authentication phase.
|
|
The PPp prompt indicates that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has entered the network phase.
|
|
The PPP prompt indicates that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has successfully negotiated a network layer protocol and is in
|
|
a usable state.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
file is available, its contents are executed
|
|
when the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection is established.
|
|
See the provided
|
|
.Dq pmdemand
|
|
example in
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
which runs a script in the background after the connection is established
|
|
(refer to the
|
|
.Dq shell
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq bg
|
|
commands below for a description of possible substitution strings).
|
|
Similarly, when a connection is closed, the contents of the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkdown
|
|
file are executed.
|
|
Both of these files have the same format as
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In previous versions of
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
it was necessary to re-add routes such as the default route in the
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup
|
|
file.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
now supports
|
|
.Sq sticky routes ,
|
|
where all routes that contain the
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
or
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
literals will automatically be updated when the values of
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
and/or
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
change.
|
|
.Sh BACKGROUND DIALING
|
|
If you want to establish a connection using
|
|
.Nm
|
|
non-interactively (such as from a
|
|
.Xr crontab 5
|
|
entry or an
|
|
.Xr at 1
|
|
job) you should use the
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
option.
|
|
When
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to establish the connection immediately.
|
|
If multiple phone
|
|
numbers are specified, each phone number will be tried once.
|
|
If the attempt fails,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
exits immediately with a non-zero exit code.
|
|
If it succeeds, then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
becomes a daemon, and returns an exit status of zero to its caller.
|
|
The daemon exits automatically if the connection is dropped by the
|
|
remote system, or it receives a
|
|
.Dv TERM
|
|
signal.
|
|
.Sh DIAL ON DEMAND
|
|
Demand dialing is enabled with the
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
options.
|
|
You must also specify the destination label in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
to use.
|
|
It must contain the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the remote peers IP address.
|
|
(refer to
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample )
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# ppp -auto pmdemand
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
runs as a daemon but you can still configure or examine its
|
|
configuration by using the
|
|
.Dq set server
|
|
command in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ,
|
|
.Pq for example, Dq set server +3000 mypasswd
|
|
and connecting to the diagnostic port as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# pppctl 3000 (assuming tun0)
|
|
Password:
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show who
|
|
tcp (127.0.0.1:1028) *
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq show who
|
|
command lists users that are currently connected to
|
|
.Nm
|
|
itself.
|
|
If the diagnostic socket is closed or changed to a different
|
|
socket, all connections are immediately dropped.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, when an outgoing packet is detected,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will perform the dialing action (chat script) and try to connect
|
|
with the peer.
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
mode, the dialing action is performed any time the line is found
|
|
to be down.
|
|
If the connect fails, the default behaviour is to wait 30 seconds
|
|
and then attempt to connect when another outgoing packet is detected.
|
|
This behaviour can be changed using the
|
|
.Dq set redial
|
|
command:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.No set redial Ar secs Ns Xo
|
|
.Oo + Ns Ar inc Ns
|
|
.Op - Ns Ar max Ns
|
|
.Oc Ns Op . Ns Ar next
|
|
.Op Ar attempts
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width attempts -compact
|
|
.It Ar secs
|
|
is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
|
|
to connect again.
|
|
If the argument is the literal string
|
|
.Sq Li random ,
|
|
the delay period is a random value between 1 and 30 seconds inclusive.
|
|
.It Ar inc
|
|
is the number of seconds that
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
should be incremented each time a new dial attempt is made.
|
|
The timeout reverts to
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
only after a successful connection is established.
|
|
The default value for
|
|
.Ar inc
|
|
is zero.
|
|
.It Ar max
|
|
is the maximum number of times
|
|
.Nm
|
|
should increment
|
|
.Ar secs .
|
|
The default value for
|
|
.Ar max
|
|
is 10.
|
|
.It Ar next
|
|
is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
|
|
to dial the next number in a list of numbers (see the
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
command).
|
|
The default is 3 seconds.
|
|
Again, if the argument is the literal string
|
|
.Sq Li random ,
|
|
the delay period is a random value between 1 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.It Ar attempts
|
|
is the maximum number of times to try to connect for each outgoing packet
|
|
that triggers a dial.
|
|
The previous value is unchanged if this parameter is omitted.
|
|
If a value of zero is specified for
|
|
.Ar attempts ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will keep trying until a connection is made.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
So, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10.3 4
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will attempt to connect 4 times for each outgoing packet that causes
|
|
a dial attempt with a 3 second delay between each number and a 10 second
|
|
delay after all numbers have been tried.
|
|
If multiple phone numbers
|
|
are specified, the total number of attempts is still 4 (it does not
|
|
attempt each number 4 times).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Alternatively,
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10+10-5.3 20
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to attempt to connect 20 times.
|
|
After the first attempt,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
pauses for 10 seconds.
|
|
After the next attempt it pauses for 20 seconds
|
|
and so on until after the sixth attempt it pauses for 1 minute.
|
|
The next 14 pauses will also have a duration of one minute.
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
connects, disconnects and fails to connect again, the timeout starts again
|
|
at 10 seconds.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Modifying the dial delay is very useful when running
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode on both ends of the link.
|
|
If each end has the same timeout,
|
|
both ends wind up calling each other at the same time if the link
|
|
drops and both ends have packets queued.
|
|
At some locations, the serial link may not be reliable, and carrier
|
|
may be lost at inappropriate times.
|
|
It is possible to have
|
|
.Nm
|
|
redial should carrier be unexpectedly lost during a session.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set reconnect timeout ntries
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This command tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to re-establish the connection
|
|
.Ar ntries
|
|
times on loss of carrier with a pause of
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
seconds before each try.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set reconnect 3 5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
that on an unexpected loss of carrier, it should wait
|
|
.Ar 3
|
|
seconds before attempting to reconnect.
|
|
This may happen up to
|
|
.Ar 5
|
|
times before
|
|
.Nm
|
|
gives up.
|
|
The default value of ntries is zero (no reconnect).
|
|
Care should be taken with this option.
|
|
If the local timeout is slightly
|
|
longer than the remote timeout, the reconnect feature will always be
|
|
triggered (up to the given number of times) after the remote side
|
|
times out and hangs up.
|
|
NOTE: In this context, losing too many LQRs constitutes a loss of
|
|
carrier and will trigger a reconnect.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
flag is specified, all phone numbers are dialed at most once until
|
|
a connection is made.
|
|
The next number redial period specified with the
|
|
.Dq set redial
|
|
command is honoured, as is the reconnect tries value.
|
|
If your redial
|
|
value is less than the number of phone numbers specified, not all
|
|
the specified numbers will be tried.
|
|
To terminate the program, type
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> close
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> quit all
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A simple
|
|
.Dq quit
|
|
command will terminate the
|
|
.Xr pppctl 8
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr telnet 1
|
|
connection but not the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program itself.
|
|
You must use
|
|
.Dq quit all
|
|
to terminate
|
|
.Nm
|
|
as well.
|
|
.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 1)
|
|
To handle an incoming
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection request, follow these steps:
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Make sure the modem and (optionally)
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.serial
|
|
is configured correctly.
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
Use Hardware Handshake (CTS/RTS) for flow control.
|
|
.It
|
|
Modem should be set to NO echo back (ATE0) and NO results string (ATQ1).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/ttys
|
|
to enable a
|
|
.Xr getty 8
|
|
on the port where the modem is attached.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl ttyd1 Qo /usr/libexec/getty std.38400 Qc dialup on secure
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Don't forget to send a
|
|
.Dv HUP
|
|
signal to the
|
|
.Xr init 8
|
|
process to start the
|
|
.Xr getty 8 :
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # kill -HUP 1
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is usually also necessary to train your modem to the same DTR speed
|
|
as the getty:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# ppp
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set device /dev/cuaa1
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set speed 38400
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> term
|
|
deflink: Entering terminal mode on /dev/cuaa1
|
|
Type `~?' for help
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
atz
|
|
OK
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
~.
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> quit
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It
|
|
Create a
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
file with the following contents:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#! /bin/sh
|
|
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct incoming
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Direct mode
|
|
.Pq Fl direct
|
|
lets
|
|
.Nm
|
|
work with stdin and stdout.
|
|
You can also use
|
|
.Xr pppctl 8
|
|
to connect to a configured diagnostic port, in the same manner as with
|
|
client-side
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Here, the
|
|
.Ar incoming
|
|
section must be set up in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Make sure that the
|
|
.Ar incoming
|
|
section contains the
|
|
.Dq allow users
|
|
command as appropriate.
|
|
.It
|
|
Prepare an account for the incoming user.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ppp:xxxx:66:66:PPP Login User:/home/ppp:/usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Refer to the manual entries for
|
|
.Xr adduser 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr vipw 8
|
|
for details.
|
|
.It
|
|
Support for IPCP Domain Name Server and NetBIOS Name Server negotiation
|
|
can be enabled using the
|
|
.Dq accept dns
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set nbns
|
|
commands.
|
|
Refer to their descriptions below.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 2)
|
|
This method differs in that we use
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to authenticate the connection rather than
|
|
.Xr login 1 :
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Configure your default section in
|
|
.Pa /etc/gettytab
|
|
with automatic ppp recognition by specifying the
|
|
.Dq pp
|
|
capability:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
default:\\
|
|
:pp=/usr/local/bin/ppplogin:\\
|
|
.....
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It
|
|
Configure your serial device(s), enable a
|
|
.Xr getty 8
|
|
and create
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
as in the first three steps for method 1 above.
|
|
.It
|
|
Add either
|
|
.Dq enable chap
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq enable pap
|
|
.Pq or both
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
under the
|
|
.Sq incoming
|
|
label (or whatever label
|
|
.Pa ppplogin
|
|
uses).
|
|
.It
|
|
Create an entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
for each incoming user:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
Pfred<TAB>xxxx
|
|
Pgeorge<TAB>yyyy
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, as soon as
|
|
.Xr getty 8
|
|
detects a ppp connection (by recognising the HDLC frame headers), it runs
|
|
.Dq /usr/local/bin/ppplogin .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is
|
|
.Em VITAL
|
|
that either PAP or CHAP are enabled as above.
|
|
If they are not, you are
|
|
allowing anybody to establish ppp session with your machine
|
|
.Em without
|
|
a password, opening yourself up to all sorts of potential attacks.
|
|
.Sh AUTHENTICATING INCOMING CONNECTIONS
|
|
Normally, the receiver of a connection requires that the peer
|
|
authenticates itself.
|
|
This may be done using
|
|
.Xr login 1 ,
|
|
but alternatively, you can use PAP or CHAP.
|
|
CHAP is the more secure of the two, but some clients may not support it.
|
|
Once you decide which you wish to use, add the command
|
|
.Sq enable chap
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq enable pap
|
|
to the relevant section of
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You must then configure the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
file.
|
|
This file contains one line per possible client, each line
|
|
containing up to five fields:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ar name Ar key Oo
|
|
.Ar hisaddr Op Ar label Op Ar callback-number
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
specify the client username and password.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
is
|
|
.Dq \&*
|
|
and PAP is being used,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will look up the password database
|
|
.Pq Xr passwd 5
|
|
when authenticating.
|
|
If the client does not offer a suitable response based on any
|
|
.Ar name Ns No / Ns Ar key
|
|
combination in
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret ,
|
|
authentication fails.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If authentication is successful,
|
|
.Ar hisaddr
|
|
.Pq if specified
|
|
is used when negotiating IP numbers.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If authentication is successful and
|
|
.Ar label
|
|
is specified, the current system label is changed to match the given
|
|
.Ar label .
|
|
This will change the subsequent parsing of the
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkdown
|
|
files.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If authentication is successful and
|
|
.Ar callback-number
|
|
is specified and
|
|
.Dq set callback
|
|
has been used in
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf ,
|
|
the client will be called back on the given number.
|
|
If CBCP is being used,
|
|
.Ar callback-number
|
|
may also contain a list of numbers or a
|
|
.Dq \&* ,
|
|
as if passed to the
|
|
.Dq set cbcp
|
|
command.
|
|
The value will be used in
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
subsequent CBCP phase.
|
|
.Sh PPP OVER TCP and UDP (a.k.a Tunnelling)
|
|
Instead of running
|
|
.Nm
|
|
over a serial link, it is possible to
|
|
use a TCP connection instead by specifying the host, port and protocol as the
|
|
device:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl set device ui-gate:6669/tcp
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Instead of opening a serial device,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will open a TCP connection to the given machine on the given
|
|
socket.
|
|
It should be noted however that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
doesn't use the telnet protocol and will be unable to negotiate
|
|
with a telnet server.
|
|
You should set up a port for receiving this
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection on the receiving machine (ui-gate).
|
|
This is done by first updating
|
|
.Pa /etc/services
|
|
to name the service:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl ppp-in 6669/tcp # Incoming PPP connections over TCP
|
|
.Pp
|
|
and updating
|
|
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf
|
|
to tell
|
|
.Xr inetd 8
|
|
how to deal with incoming connections on that port:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl ppp-in stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/ppp ppp -direct ppp-in
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Don't forget to send a
|
|
.Dv HUP
|
|
signal to
|
|
.Xr inetd 8
|
|
after you've updated
|
|
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf .
|
|
Here, we use a label named
|
|
.Dq ppp-in .
|
|
The entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
on ui-gate (the receiver) should contain the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp-in:
|
|
set timeout 0
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.4.1 10.0.4.2
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
and the entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
should contain:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp-in:
|
|
add 10.0.1.0/24 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is necessary to put the
|
|
.Dq add
|
|
command in
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup
|
|
to ensure that the route is only added after
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has negotiated and assigned addresses to its interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You may also want to enable PAP or CHAP for security.
|
|
To enable PAP, add the following line:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
enable PAP
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You'll also need to create the following entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret :
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
MyAuthName MyAuthPasswd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar MyAuthPasswd
|
|
is a
|
|
.Dq * ,
|
|
the password is looked up in the
|
|
.Xr passwd 5
|
|
database.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
on awfulhak (the initiator) should contain the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ui-gate:
|
|
set escape 0xff
|
|
set device ui-gate:ppp-in/tcp
|
|
set dial
|
|
set timeout 30
|
|
set log Phase Chat Connect hdlc LCP IPCP CCP tun
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.4.2 10.0.4.1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
with the route setup in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup :
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ui-gate:
|
|
add 10.0.2.0/24 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Again, if you're enabling PAP, you'll also need this in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
profile:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set authname MyAuthName
|
|
set authkey MyAuthKey
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
We're assigning the address of 10.0.4.1 to ui-gate, and the address
|
|
10.0.4.2 to awfulhak.
|
|
To open the connection, just type
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl awfulhak # ppp -background ui-gate
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The result will be an additional "route" on awfulhak to the
|
|
10.0.2.0/24 network via the TCP connection, and an additional
|
|
"route" on ui-gate to the 10.0.1.0/24 network.
|
|
The networks are effectively bridged - the underlying TCP
|
|
connection may be across a public network (such as the
|
|
Internet), and the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
traffic is conceptually encapsulated
|
|
(although not packet by packet) inside the TCP stream between
|
|
the two gateways.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The major disadvantage of this mechanism is that there are two
|
|
"guaranteed delivery" mechanisms in place - the underlying TCP
|
|
stream and whatever protocol is used over the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link - probably TCP again.
|
|
If packets are lost, both levels will
|
|
get in each others way trying to negotiate sending of the missing
|
|
packet.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To avoid this overhead, it is also possible to do all this using
|
|
UDP instead of TCP as the transport by simply changing the protocol
|
|
from "tcp" to "udp".
|
|
When using UDP as a transport,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will operate in synchronous mode.
|
|
This is another gain as the incoming
|
|
data does not have to be rearranged into packets.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Care should be taken when adding a default route through a tunneled
|
|
setup like this.
|
|
It is quite common for the default route
|
|
.Pq added in Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
to end up routing the link's TCP connection through the tunnel,
|
|
effectively garrotting the connection.
|
|
To avoid this, make sure you add a static route for the benefit of
|
|
the link:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ui-gate:
|
|
set escape 0xff
|
|
set device ui-gate:ppp-in/tcp
|
|
add ui-gate x.x.x.x
|
|
.....
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Dq x.x.x.x
|
|
is the IP number that your route to
|
|
.Dq ui-gate
|
|
would normally use.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When routing your connection accross a public network such as the Internet,
|
|
it is preferable to encrypt the data.
|
|
This can be done with the help of the MPPE protocol, although currently this
|
|
means that you will not be able to also compress the traffic as MPPE is
|
|
implemented as a compression layer (thank Microsoft for this).
|
|
To enable MPPE encryption, add the following lines to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
on the server:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
enable MSCHAPv2
|
|
disable deflate pred1
|
|
deny deflate pred1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
ensuring that you've put the requisite entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
(MSCHAPv2 is challenge based, so
|
|
.Xr passwd 5
|
|
cannot be used)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
MSCHAPv2 and MPPE are accepted by default, so the client end should work
|
|
without any additional changes (although ensure you have
|
|
.Dq set authname
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set authkey
|
|
in your profile).
|
|
.Sh NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (PACKET ALIASING)
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl nat
|
|
command line option enables network address translation (a.k.a. packet
|
|
aliasing).
|
|
This allows the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
host to act as a masquerading gateway for other computers over
|
|
a local area network.
|
|
Outgoing IP packets are NAT'd so that they appear to come from the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
host, and incoming packets are de-NAT'd so that they are routed
|
|
to the correct machine on the local area network.
|
|
NAT allows computers on private, unregistered subnets to have Internet
|
|
access, although they are invisible from the outside world.
|
|
In general, correct
|
|
.Nm
|
|
operation should first be verified with network address translation disabled.
|
|
Then, the
|
|
.Fl nat
|
|
option should be switched on, and network applications (web browser,
|
|
.Xr telnet 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ftp 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ping 8 ,
|
|
.Xr traceroute 8 )
|
|
should be checked on the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
host.
|
|
Finally, the same or similar applications should be checked on other
|
|
computers in the LAN.
|
|
If network applications work correctly on the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
host, but not on other machines in the LAN, then the masquerading
|
|
software is working properly, but the host is either not forwarding
|
|
or possibly receiving IP packets.
|
|
Check that IP forwarding is enabled in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.conf
|
|
and that other machines have designated the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
host as the gateway for the LAN.
|
|
.Sh PACKET FILTERING
|
|
This implementation supports packet filtering.
|
|
There are four kinds of
|
|
filters: the
|
|
.Em in
|
|
filter, the
|
|
.Em out
|
|
filter, the
|
|
.Em dial
|
|
filter and the
|
|
.Em alive
|
|
filter.
|
|
Here are the basics:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
A filter definition has the following syntax:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
set filter
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
.Ar rule-no
|
|
.Ar action
|
|
.Op !\&
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Op host
|
|
.Ar src_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
.Op Ar dst_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Ar [ proto Op src Ar cmp port
|
|
.Op dst Ar cmp port
|
|
.Op estab
|
|
.Op syn
|
|
.Op finrst
|
|
.Op timeout Ar secs ]
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
.Ar Name
|
|
should be one of
|
|
.Sq in ,
|
|
.Sq out ,
|
|
.Sq dial
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq alive .
|
|
.It
|
|
.Ar Rule-no
|
|
is a numeric value between
|
|
.Sq 0
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq 39
|
|
specifying the rule number.
|
|
Rules are specified in numeric order according to
|
|
.Ar rule-no ,
|
|
but only if rule
|
|
.Sq 0
|
|
is defined.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Ar Action
|
|
may be specified as
|
|
.Sq permit
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq deny ,
|
|
in which case, if a given packet matches the rule, the associated action
|
|
is taken immediately.
|
|
.Ar Action
|
|
can also be specified as
|
|
.Sq clear
|
|
to clear the action associated with that particular rule, or as a new
|
|
rule number greater than the current rule.
|
|
In this case, if a given
|
|
packet matches the current rule, the packet will next be matched against
|
|
the new rule number (rather than the next rule number).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar action
|
|
may optionally be followed with an exclamation mark
|
|
.Pq Dq !\& ,
|
|
telling
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to reverse the sense of the following match.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Op Ar src_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
and
|
|
.Op Ar dst_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
are the source and destination IP number specifications.
|
|
If
|
|
.Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
is specified, it gives the number of relevant netmask bits,
|
|
allowing the specification of an address range.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Either
|
|
.Ar src_addr
|
|
or
|
|
.Ar dst_addr
|
|
may be given the values
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
or
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
(refer to the description of the
|
|
.Dq bg
|
|
command for a description of these values).
|
|
When these values are used,
|
|
the filters will be updated any time the values change.
|
|
This is similar to the behaviour of the
|
|
.Dq add
|
|
command below.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Ar Proto
|
|
must be one of
|
|
.Sq icmp ,
|
|
.Sq igmp ,
|
|
.Sq ipip ,
|
|
.Sq ospf ,
|
|
.Sq udp
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq tcp .
|
|
.It
|
|
.Ar Cmp
|
|
is one of
|
|
.Sq \< ,
|
|
.Sq \&eq
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq \> ,
|
|
meaning less-than, equal and greater-than respectively.
|
|
.Ar Port
|
|
can be specified as a numeric port or by service name from
|
|
.Pa /etc/services .
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Sq estab ,
|
|
.Sq syn ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq finrst
|
|
flags are only allowed when
|
|
.Ar proto
|
|
is set to
|
|
.Sq tcp ,
|
|
and represent the TH_ACK, TH_SYN and TH_FIN or TH_RST TCP flags respectively.
|
|
.It
|
|
The timeout value adjusts the current idle timeout to at least
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
seconds.
|
|
If a timeout is given in the alive filter as well as in the in/out
|
|
filter, the in/out value is used.
|
|
If no timeout is given, the default timeout (set using
|
|
.Ic set timeout
|
|
and defaulting to 180 seconds) is used.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
Each filter can hold up to 40 rules, starting from rule 0.
|
|
The entire rule set is not effective until rule 0 is defined,
|
|
i.e., the default is to allow everything through.
|
|
.It
|
|
If no rule in a defined set of rules matches a packet, that packet will
|
|
be discarded (blocked).
|
|
If there are no rules in a given filter, the packet will be permitted.
|
|
.It
|
|
It's possible to filter based on the payload of UDP frames where those
|
|
frames contain a
|
|
.Em PROTO_IP
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
frame header.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar filter-decapsulation
|
|
option below for further details.
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set filter Ar name No -1
|
|
to flush all rules.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample .
|
|
.Sh SETTING THE IDLE TIMER
|
|
To check/set the idle timer, use the
|
|
.Dq show bundle
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set timeout
|
|
commands:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set timeout 600
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The timeout period is measured in seconds, the default value for which
|
|
is 180 seconds
|
|
.Pq or 3 min .
|
|
To disable the idle timer function, use the command
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set timeout 0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl dedicated
|
|
modes, the idle timeout is ignored.
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, when the idle timeout causes the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
session to be
|
|
closed, the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program itself remains running.
|
|
Another trigger packet will cause it to attempt to re-establish the link.
|
|
.Sh PREDICTOR-1 and DEFLATE COMPRESSION
|
|
.Nm
|
|
supports both Predictor type 1 and deflate compression.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to use (or be willing to accept) both compression protocols
|
|
when the peer agrees
|
|
.Pq or requests them .
|
|
The deflate protocol is preferred by
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq disable
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq deny
|
|
commands if you wish to disable this functionality.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is possible to use a different compression algorithm in each direction
|
|
by using only one of
|
|
.Dq disable deflate
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq deny deflate
|
|
.Pq assuming that the peer supports both algorithms .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default, when negotiating DEFLATE,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will use a window size of 15.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq set deflate
|
|
command if you wish to change this behaviour.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A special algorithm called DEFLATE24 is also available, and is disabled
|
|
and denied by default.
|
|
This is exactly the same as DEFLATE except that
|
|
it uses CCP ID 24 to negotiate.
|
|
This allows
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to successfully negotiate DEFLATE with
|
|
.Nm pppd
|
|
version 2.3.*.
|
|
.Sh CONTROLLING IP ADDRESS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses IPCP to negotiate IP addresses.
|
|
Each side of the connection
|
|
specifies the IP address that it's willing to use, and if the requested
|
|
IP address is acceptable then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns ACK to the requester.
|
|
Otherwise,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns NAK to suggest that the peer use a different IP address.
|
|
When
|
|
both sides of the connection agree to accept the received request (and
|
|
send ACK), IPCP is set to the open state and a network level connection
|
|
is established.
|
|
To control this IPCP behaviour, this implementation has the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command for defining the local and remote IP address:
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
.No set ifaddr Oo Ar src_addr Ns
|
|
.Op / Ns Ar \&nn
|
|
.Oo Ar dst_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar \&nn
|
|
.Oo Ar netmask
|
|
.Op Ar trigger_addr
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where,
|
|
.Sq src_addr
|
|
is the IP address that the local side is willing to use,
|
|
.Sq dst_addr
|
|
is the IP address which the remote side should use and
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
is the netmask that should be used.
|
|
.Sq Src_addr
|
|
defaults to the current
|
|
.Xr hostname 1 ,
|
|
.Sq dst_addr
|
|
defaults to 0.0.0.0, and
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
defaults to whatever mask is appropriate for
|
|
.Sq src_addr .
|
|
It is only possible to make
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
smaller than the default.
|
|
The usual value is 255.255.255.255, as
|
|
most kernels ignore the netmask of a POINTOPOINT interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Some incorrect
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
implementations require that the peer negotiates a specific IP
|
|
address instead of
|
|
.Sq src_addr .
|
|
If this is the case,
|
|
.Sq trigger_addr
|
|
may be used to specify this IP number.
|
|
This will not affect the
|
|
routing table unless the other side agrees with this proposed number.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set ifaddr 192.244.177.38 192.244.177.2 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The above specification means:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I will first suggest that my IP address should be 0.0.0.0, but I
|
|
will only accept an address of 192.244.177.38.
|
|
.It
|
|
I strongly insist that the peer uses 192.244.177.2 as his own
|
|
address and won't permit the use of any IP address but 192.244.177.2.
|
|
When the peer requests another IP address, I will always suggest that
|
|
it uses 192.244.177.2.
|
|
.It
|
|
The routing table entry will have a netmask of 0xffffffff.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This is all fine when each side has a pre-determined IP address, however
|
|
it is often the case that one side is acting as a server which controls
|
|
all IP addresses and the other side should go along with it.
|
|
In order to allow more flexible behaviour, the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command allows the user to specify IP addresses more loosely:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 192.244.177.38/24 192.244.177.2/20
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A number followed by a slash
|
|
.Pq Dq /
|
|
represents the number of bits significant in the IP address.
|
|
The above example means:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to use 192.244.177.38 as my address if it is possible, but I'll
|
|
also accept any IP address between 192.244.177.0 and 192.244.177.255.
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to make him use 192.244.177.2 as his own address, but I'll also
|
|
permit him to use any IP address between 192.244.176.0 and
|
|
192.244.191.255.
|
|
.It
|
|
As you may have already noticed, 192.244.177.2 is equivalent to saying
|
|
192.244.177.2/32.
|
|
.It
|
|
As an exception, 0 is equivalent to 0.0.0.0/0, meaning that I have no
|
|
preferred IP address and will obey the remote peers selection.
|
|
When using zero, no routing table entries will be made until a connection
|
|
is established.
|
|
.It
|
|
192.244.177.2/0 means that I'll accept/permit any IP address but I'll
|
|
try to insist that 192.244.177.2 be used first.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh CONNECTING WITH YOUR INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
|
|
The following steps should be taken when connecting to your ISP:
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe your providers phone number(s) in the dial script using the
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
command.
|
|
This command allows you to set multiple phone numbers for
|
|
dialing and redialing separated by either a pipe
|
|
.Pq Dq \&|
|
|
or a colon
|
|
.Pq Dq \&: :
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
.No set phone Ar telno Ns Xo
|
|
.Oo \&| Ns Ar backupnumber
|
|
.Oc Ns ... Ns Oo : Ns Ar nextnumber
|
|
.Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Numbers after the first in a pipe-separated list are only used if the
|
|
previous number was used in a failed dial or login script.
|
|
Numbers
|
|
separated by a colon are used sequentially, irrespective of what happened
|
|
as a result of using the previous number.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set phone "1234567|2345678:3456789|4567890"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Here, the 1234567 number is attempted.
|
|
If the dial or login script fails,
|
|
the 2345678 number is used next time, but *only* if the dial or login script
|
|
fails.
|
|
On the dial after this, the 3456789 number is used.
|
|
The 4567890
|
|
number is only used if the dial or login script using the 3456789 fails.
|
|
If the login script of the 2345678 number fails, the next number is still the
|
|
3456789 number.
|
|
As many pipes and colons can be used as are necessary
|
|
(although a given site would usually prefer to use either the pipe or the
|
|
colon, but not both).
|
|
The next number redial timeout is used between all numbers.
|
|
When the end of the list is reached, the normal redial period is
|
|
used before starting at the beginning again.
|
|
The selected phone number is substituted for the \\\\T string in the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
command (see below).
|
|
.It
|
|
Set up your redial requirements using
|
|
.Dq set redial .
|
|
For example, if you have a bad telephone line or your provider is
|
|
usually engaged (not so common these days), you may want to specify
|
|
the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10 4
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This says that up to 4 phone calls should be attempted with a pause of 10
|
|
seconds before dialing the first number again.
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe your login procedure using the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set login
|
|
commands.
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
command is used to talk to your modem and establish a link with your
|
|
ISP, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \\"\\" \e
|
|
ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This modem "chat" string means:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Abort if the string "BUSY" or "NO CARRIER" are received.
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 4 seconds.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect nothing.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send ATZ.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect OK.
|
|
If that's not received within the 4 second timeout, send ATZ
|
|
and expect OK.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send ATDTxxxxxxx where xxxxxxx is the next number in the phone list from
|
|
above.
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 60.
|
|
.It
|
|
Wait for the CONNECT string.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once the connection is established, the login script is executed.
|
|
This script is written in the same style as the dial script, but care should
|
|
be taken to avoid having your password logged:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set authkey MySecret
|
|
set login "TIMEOUT 15 login:-\\\\r-login: awfulhak \e
|
|
word: \\\\P ocol: PPP HELLO"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This login "chat" string means:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 15 seconds.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "login:".
|
|
If it's not received, send a carriage return and expect
|
|
"login:" again.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "awfulhak"
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "word:" (the tail end of a "Password:" prompt).
|
|
.It
|
|
Send whatever our current
|
|
.Ar authkey
|
|
value is set to.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "ocol:" (the tail end of a "Protocol:" prompt).
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "PPP".
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "HELLO".
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set authkey
|
|
command is logged specially.
|
|
When
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
or
|
|
.Ar chat
|
|
logging is enabled, the actual password is not logged;
|
|
.Sq ********
|
|
is logged instead.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Login scripts vary greatly between ISPs.
|
|
If you're setting one up for the first time,
|
|
.Em ENABLE CHAT LOGGING
|
|
so that you can see if your script is behaving as you expect.
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set device
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set speed
|
|
to specify your serial line and speed, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set device /dev/cuaa0
|
|
set speed 115200
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Cuaa0 is the first serial port on
|
|
.Fx .
|
|
If you're running
|
|
.Nm
|
|
on
|
|
.Ox ,
|
|
cua00 is the first.
|
|
A speed of 115200 should be specified
|
|
if you have a modem capable of bit rates of 28800 or more.
|
|
In general, the serial speed should be about four times the modem speed.
|
|
.It
|
|
Use the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the IP address.
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
If you know what IP address your provider uses, then use it as the remote
|
|
address (dst_addr), otherwise choose something like 10.0.0.2/0 (see below).
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider has assigned a particular IP address to you, then use
|
|
it as your address (src_addr).
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider assigns your address dynamically, choose a suitably
|
|
unobtrusive and unspecific IP number as your address.
|
|
10.0.0.1/0 would be appropriate.
|
|
The bit after the / specifies how many bits of the
|
|
address you consider to be important, so if you wanted to insist on
|
|
something in the class C network 1.2.3.0, you could specify 1.2.3.1/24.
|
|
.It
|
|
If you find that your ISP accepts the first IP number that you suggest,
|
|
specify third and forth arguments of
|
|
.Dq 0.0.0.0 .
|
|
This will force your ISP to assign a number.
|
|
(The third argument will
|
|
be ignored as it is less restrictive than the default mask for your
|
|
.Sq src_addr .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An example for a connection where you don't know your IP number or your
|
|
ISPs IP number would be:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It
|
|
In most cases, your ISP will also be your default router.
|
|
If this is the case, add the line
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
add default HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to add a default route to whatever the peer address is
|
|
.Pq 10.0.0.2 in this example .
|
|
This route is
|
|
.Sq sticky ,
|
|
meaning that should the value of
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
change, the route will be updated accordingly.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Previous versions of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
required a similar entry in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
file.
|
|
Since the advent of
|
|
.Sq sticky routes ,
|
|
this is no longer required.
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider requests that you use PAP/CHAP authentication methods, add
|
|
the next lines to your
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set authname MyName
|
|
set authkey MyPassword
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Both are accepted by default, so
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will provide whatever your ISP requires.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It should be noted that a login script is rarely (if ever) required
|
|
when PAP or CHAP are in use.
|
|
.It
|
|
Ask your ISP to authenticate your nameserver address(es) with the line
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
enable dns
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Do
|
|
.Em NOT
|
|
do this if you are running a local DNS unless you also either use
|
|
.Dq resolv readonly
|
|
or have
|
|
.Dq resolv restore
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkdown ,
|
|
as
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will simply circumvent its use by entering some nameserver lines in
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Please refer to
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample
|
|
for some real examples.
|
|
The pmdemand label should be appropriate for most ISPs.
|
|
.Sh LOGGING FACILITY
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is able to generate the following log info either via
|
|
.Xr syslog 3
|
|
or directly to the screen:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXX -offset XXX -compact
|
|
.It Li All
|
|
Enable all logging facilities.
|
|
This generates a lot of log.
|
|
The most common use of 'all' is as a basis, where you remove some facilities
|
|
after enabling 'all' ('debug' and 'timer' are usually best disabled.)
|
|
.It Li Async
|
|
Dump async level packet in hex.
|
|
.It Li CBCP
|
|
Generate CBCP (CallBack Control Protocol) logs.
|
|
.It Li CCP
|
|
Generate a CCP packet trace.
|
|
.It Li Chat
|
|
Generate
|
|
.Sq dial ,
|
|
.Sq login ,
|
|
.Sq logout
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq hangup
|
|
chat script trace logs.
|
|
.It Li Command
|
|
Log commands executed either from the command line or any of the configuration
|
|
files.
|
|
.It Li Connect
|
|
Log Chat lines containing the string "CONNECT".
|
|
.It Li Debug
|
|
Log debug information.
|
|
.It Li DNS
|
|
Log DNS QUERY packets.
|
|
.It Li Filter
|
|
Log packets permitted by the dial filter and denied by any filter.
|
|
.It Li HDLC
|
|
Dump HDLC packet in hex.
|
|
.It Li ID0
|
|
Log all function calls specifically made as user id 0.
|
|
.It Li IPCP
|
|
Generate an IPCP packet trace.
|
|
.It Li LCP
|
|
Generate an LCP packet trace.
|
|
.It Li LQM
|
|
Generate LQR reports.
|
|
.It Li Phase
|
|
Phase transition log output.
|
|
.It Li Physical
|
|
Dump physical level packet in hex.
|
|
.It Li Sync
|
|
Dump sync level packet in hex.
|
|
.It Li TCP/IP
|
|
Dump all TCP/IP packets.
|
|
.It Li Timer
|
|
Log timer manipulation.
|
|
.It Li TUN
|
|
Include the tun device on each log line.
|
|
.It Li Warning
|
|
Output to the terminal device.
|
|
If there is currently no terminal,
|
|
output is sent to the log file using syslogs
|
|
.Dv LOG_WARNING .
|
|
.It Li Error
|
|
Output to both the terminal device
|
|
and the log file using syslogs
|
|
.Dv LOG_ERROR .
|
|
.It Li Alert
|
|
Output to the log file using
|
|
.Dv LOG_ALERT .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set log
|
|
command allows you to set the logging output level.
|
|
Multiple levels can be specified on a single command line.
|
|
The default is equivalent to
|
|
.Dq set log Phase .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is also possible to log directly to the screen.
|
|
The syntax is the same except that the word
|
|
.Dq local
|
|
should immediately follow
|
|
.Dq set log .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq set log local
|
|
(i.e., only the un-maskable warning, error and alert output).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If The first argument to
|
|
.Dq set log Op local
|
|
begins with a
|
|
.Sq +
|
|
or a
|
|
.Sq -
|
|
character, the current log levels are
|
|
not cleared, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> set log phase
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show log
|
|
Log: Phase Warning Error Alert
|
|
Local: Warning Error Alert
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> set log +tcp/ip -warning
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> set log local +command
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show log
|
|
Log: Phase TCP/IP Warning Error Alert
|
|
Local: Command Warning Error Alert
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Log messages of level Warning, Error and Alert are not controllable
|
|
using
|
|
.Dq set log Op local .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar Warning
|
|
level is special in that it will not be logged if it can be displayed
|
|
locally.
|
|
.Sh SIGNAL HANDLING
|
|
.Nm
|
|
deals with the following signals:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "USR2"
|
|
.It INT
|
|
Receipt of this signal causes the termination of the current connection
|
|
(if any).
|
|
This will cause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to exit unless it is in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
mode.
|
|
.It HUP, TERM & QUIT
|
|
These signals tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to exit.
|
|
.It USR1
|
|
This signal, tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to re-open any existing server socket, dropping all existing diagnostic
|
|
connections.
|
|
Sockets that couldn't previously be opened will be retried.
|
|
.It USR2
|
|
This signal, tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to close any existing server socket, dropping all existing diagnostic
|
|
connections.
|
|
.Dv SIGUSR1
|
|
can still be used to re-open the socket.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh MULTI-LINK PPP
|
|
If you wish to use more than one physical link to connect to a
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
peer, that peer must also understand the
|
|
.Em MULTI-LINK PPP
|
|
protocol.
|
|
Refer to RFC 1990 for specification details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The peer is identified using a combination of his
|
|
.Dq endpoint discriminator
|
|
and his
|
|
.Dq authentication id .
|
|
Either or both of these may be specified.
|
|
It is recommended that
|
|
at least one is specified, otherwise there is no way of ensuring that
|
|
all links are actually connected to the same peer program, and some
|
|
confusing lock-ups may result.
|
|
Locally, these identification variables are specified using the
|
|
.Dq set enddisc
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set authname
|
|
commands.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sq authname
|
|
.Pq and Sq authkey
|
|
must be agreed in advance with the peer.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Multi-link capabilities are enabled using the
|
|
.Dq set mrru
|
|
command (set maximum reconstructed receive unit).
|
|
Once multi-link is enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to negotiate a multi-link connection with the peer.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default, only one
|
|
.Sq link
|
|
is available
|
|
.Pq called Sq deflink .
|
|
To create more links, the
|
|
.Dq clone
|
|
command is used.
|
|
This command will clone existing links, where all
|
|
characteristics are the same except:
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
The new link has its own name as specified on the
|
|
.Dq clone
|
|
command line.
|
|
.It
|
|
The new link is an
|
|
.Sq interactive
|
|
link.
|
|
Its mode may subsequently be changed using the
|
|
.Dq set mode
|
|
command.
|
|
.It
|
|
The new link is in a
|
|
.Sq closed
|
|
state.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A summary of all available links can be seen using the
|
|
.Dq show links
|
|
command.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once a new link has been created, command usage varies.
|
|
All link specific commands must be prefixed with the
|
|
.Dq link Ar name
|
|
command, specifying on which link the command is to be applied.
|
|
When only a single link is available,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is smart enough not to require the
|
|
.Dq link Ar name
|
|
prefix.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Some commands can still be used without specifying a link - resulting
|
|
in an operation at the
|
|
.Sq bundle
|
|
level.
|
|
For example, once two or more links are available, the command
|
|
.Dq show ccp
|
|
will show CCP configuration and statistics at the multi-link level, and
|
|
.Dq link deflink show ccp
|
|
will show the same information at the
|
|
.Dq deflink
|
|
link level.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Armed with this information, the following configuration might be used:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
mp:
|
|
set timeout 0
|
|
set log phase chat
|
|
set device /dev/cuaa0 /dev/cuaa1 /dev/cuaa2
|
|
set phone "123456789"
|
|
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \\"\\" ATZ \e
|
|
OK-AT-OK \\\\dATDT\\\\T TIMEOUT 45 CONNECT"
|
|
set login
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
|
|
set authname ppp
|
|
set authkey ppppassword
|
|
|
|
set mrru 1500
|
|
clone 1,2,3 # Create 3 new links - duplicates of the default
|
|
link deflink remove # Delete the default link (called ``deflink'')
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note how all cloning is done at the end of the configuration.
|
|
Usually, the link will be configured first, then cloned.
|
|
If you wish all links
|
|
to be up all the time, you can add the following line to the end of your
|
|
configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
link 1,2,3 set mode ddial
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you want the links to dial on demand, this command could be used:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
link * set mode auto
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Links may be tied to specific names by removing the
|
|
.Dq set device
|
|
line above, and specifying the following after the
|
|
.Dq clone
|
|
command:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
link 1 set device /dev/cuaa0
|
|
link 2 set device /dev/cuaa1
|
|
link 3 set device /dev/cuaa2
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Use the
|
|
.Dq help
|
|
command to see which commands require context (using the
|
|
.Dq link
|
|
command), which have optional
|
|
context and which should not have any context.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has negotiated
|
|
.Em MULTI-LINK
|
|
mode with the peer, it creates a local domain socket in the
|
|
.Pa /var/run
|
|
directory.
|
|
This socket is used to pass link information (including
|
|
the actual link file descriptor) between different
|
|
.Nm
|
|
invocations.
|
|
This facilitates
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
ability to be run from a
|
|
.Xr getty 8
|
|
or directly from
|
|
.Pa /etc/gettydefs
|
|
(using the
|
|
.Sq pp=
|
|
capability), without needing to have initial control of the serial
|
|
line.
|
|
Once
|
|
.Nm
|
|
negotiates multi-link mode, it will pass its open link to any
|
|
already running process.
|
|
If there is no already running process,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will act as the master, creating the socket and listening for new
|
|
connections.
|
|
.Sh PPP COMMAND LIST
|
|
This section lists the available commands and their effect.
|
|
They are usable either from an interactive
|
|
.Nm
|
|
session, from a configuration file or from a
|
|
.Xr pppctl 8
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr telnet 1
|
|
session.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It accept|deny|enable|disable Ar option....
|
|
These directives tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
how to negotiate the initial connection with the peer.
|
|
Each
|
|
.Dq option
|
|
has a default of either accept or deny and enable or disable.
|
|
.Dq Accept
|
|
means that the option will be ACK'd if the peer asks for it.
|
|
.Dq Deny
|
|
means that the option will be NAK'd if the peer asks for it.
|
|
.Dq Enable
|
|
means that the option will be requested by us.
|
|
.Dq Disable
|
|
means that the option will not be requested by us.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dq Option
|
|
may be one of the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It acfcomp
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
ACFComp stands for Address and Control Field Compression.
|
|
Non LCP packets will usually have an address
|
|
field of 0xff (the All-Stations address) and a control field of
|
|
0x03 (the Unnumbered Information command).
|
|
If this option is
|
|
negotiated, these two bytes are simply not sent, thus minimising
|
|
traffic.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See
|
|
.Pa rfc1662
|
|
for details.
|
|
.It chap Ns Op \&05
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted.
|
|
CHAP stands for Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol.
|
|
Only one of CHAP and PAP (below) may be negotiated.
|
|
With CHAP, the authenticator sends a "challenge" message to its peer.
|
|
The peer uses a one-way hash function to encrypt the
|
|
challenge and sends the result back.
|
|
The authenticator does the same, and compares the results.
|
|
The advantage of this mechanism is that no
|
|
passwords are sent across the connection.
|
|
A challenge is made when the connection is first made.
|
|
Subsequent challenges may occur.
|
|
If you want to have your peer authenticate itself, you must
|
|
.Dq enable chap .
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ,
|
|
and have an entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
for the peer.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When using CHAP as the client, you need only specify
|
|
.Dq AuthName
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq AuthKey
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
|
|
CHAP is accepted by default.
|
|
Some
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
implementations use "MS-CHAP" rather than MD5 when encrypting the
|
|
challenge.
|
|
MS-CHAP is a combination of MD4 and DES.
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
was built on a machine with DES libraries available, it will respond
|
|
to MS-CHAP authentication requests, but will never request them.
|
|
.It deflate
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option decides if deflate
|
|
compression will be used by the Compression Control Protocol (CCP).
|
|
This is the same algorithm as used by the
|
|
.Xr gzip 1
|
|
program.
|
|
Note: There is a problem negotiating
|
|
.Ar deflate
|
|
capabilities with
|
|
.Xr pppd 8
|
|
- a
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
implementation available under many operating systems.
|
|
.Nm pppd
|
|
(version 2.3.1) incorrectly attempts to negotiate
|
|
.Ar deflate
|
|
compression using type
|
|
.Em 24
|
|
as the CCP configuration type rather than type
|
|
.Em 26
|
|
as specified in
|
|
.Pa rfc1979 .
|
|
Type
|
|
.Ar 24
|
|
is actually specified as
|
|
.Dq PPP Magna-link Variable Resource Compression
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa rfc1975 Ns !
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is capable of negotiating with
|
|
.Nm pppd ,
|
|
but only if
|
|
.Dq deflate24
|
|
is
|
|
.Ar enable Ns No d
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar accept Ns No ed .
|
|
.It deflate24
|
|
Default: Disabled and Denied.
|
|
This is a variance of the
|
|
.Ar deflate
|
|
option, allowing negotiation with the
|
|
.Xr pppd 8
|
|
program.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Ar deflate
|
|
section above for details.
|
|
It is disabled by default as it violates
|
|
.Pa rfc1975 .
|
|
.It dns
|
|
Default: Disabled and Denied.
|
|
This option allows DNS negotiation.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq enable Ns No d,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will request that the peer confirms the entries in
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
|
|
If the peer NAKs our request (suggesting new IP numbers),
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
is updated and another request is sent to confirm the new entries.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq accept Ns No ed,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will answer any DNS queries requested by the peer rather than rejecting
|
|
them.
|
|
The answer is taken from
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
unless the
|
|
.Dq set dns
|
|
command is used as an override.
|
|
.It enddisc
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option allows control over whether we
|
|
negotiate an endpoint discriminator.
|
|
We only send our discriminator if
|
|
.Dq set enddisc
|
|
is used and
|
|
.Ar enddisc
|
|
is enabled.
|
|
We reject the peers discriminator if
|
|
.Ar enddisc
|
|
is denied.
|
|
.It LANMan|chap80lm
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted.
|
|
The use of this authentication protocol
|
|
is discouraged as it partially violates the authentication protocol by
|
|
implementing two different mechanisms (LANMan & NT) under the guise of
|
|
a single CHAP type (0x80).
|
|
.Dq LANMan
|
|
uses a simple DES encryption mechanism and is the least secure of the
|
|
CHAP alternatives (although is still more secure than PAP).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq MSChap
|
|
description below for more details.
|
|
.It lqr
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option decides if Link Quality Requests will be sent or accepted.
|
|
LQR is a protocol that allows
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to determine that the link is down without relying on the modems
|
|
carrier detect.
|
|
When LQR is enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
sends the
|
|
.Em QUALPROTO
|
|
option (see
|
|
.Dq set lqrperiod
|
|
below) as part of the LCP request.
|
|
If the peer agrees, both sides will
|
|
exchange LQR packets at the agreed frequency, allowing detailed link
|
|
quality monitoring by enabling LQM logging.
|
|
If the peer doesn't agree,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will send ECHO LQR requests instead.
|
|
These packets pass no information of interest, but they
|
|
.Em MUST
|
|
be replied to by the peer.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Whether using LQR or ECHO LQR,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will abruptly drop the connection if 5 unacknowledged packets have been
|
|
sent rather than sending a 6th.
|
|
A message is logged at the
|
|
.Em PHASE
|
|
level, and any appropriate
|
|
.Dq reconnect
|
|
values are honoured as if the peer were responsible for dropping the
|
|
connection.
|
|
.It mppe
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This is Microsoft Point to Point Encryption scheme.
|
|
MPPE key size can be
|
|
40-, 56- and 128-bits.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Dq set mppe
|
|
command.
|
|
.It MSChapV2|chap81
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted.
|
|
It is very similar to standard CHAP (type 0x05)
|
|
except that it issues challenges of a fixed 16 bytes in length and uses a
|
|
combination of MD4, SHA-1 and DES to encrypt the challenge rather than using the
|
|
standard MD5 mechanism.
|
|
.It MSChap|chap80nt
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted.
|
|
The use of this authentication protocol
|
|
is discouraged as it partially violates the authentication protocol by
|
|
implementing two different mechanisms (LANMan & NT) under the guise of
|
|
a single CHAP type (0x80).
|
|
It is very similar to standard CHAP (type 0x05)
|
|
except that it issues challenges of a fixed 8 bytes in length and uses a
|
|
combination of MD4 and DES to encrypt the challenge rather than using the
|
|
standard MD5 mechanism.
|
|
CHAP type 0x80 for LANMan is also supported - see
|
|
.Dq enable LANMan
|
|
for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Because both
|
|
.Dq LANMan
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq NT
|
|
use CHAP type 0x80, when acting as authenticator with both
|
|
.Dq enable Ns No d ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will rechallenge the peer up to three times if it responds using the wrong
|
|
one of the two protocols.
|
|
This gives the peer a chance to attempt using both protocols.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Conversely, when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
acts as the authenticatee with both protocols
|
|
.Dq accept Ns No ed ,
|
|
the protocols are used alternately in response to challenges.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note: If only LANMan is enabled,
|
|
.Xr pppd 8
|
|
(version 2.3.5) misbehaves when acting as authenticatee.
|
|
It provides both
|
|
the NT and the LANMan answers, but also suggests that only the NT answer
|
|
should be used.
|
|
.It pap
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted.
|
|
PAP stands for Password Authentication Protocol.
|
|
Only one of PAP and CHAP (above) may be negotiated.
|
|
With PAP, the ID and Password are sent repeatedly to the peer until
|
|
authentication is acknowledged or the connection is terminated.
|
|
This is a rather poor security mechanism.
|
|
It is only performed when the connection is first established.
|
|
If you want to have your peer authenticate itself, you must
|
|
.Dq enable pap .
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf ,
|
|
and have an entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
for the peer (although see the
|
|
.Dq passwdauth
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set radius
|
|
options below).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When using PAP as the client, you need only specify
|
|
.Dq AuthName
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq AuthKey
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
|
|
PAP is accepted by default.
|
|
.It pred1
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option decides if Predictor 1
|
|
compression will be used by the Compression Control Protocol (CCP).
|
|
.It protocomp
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option is used to negotiate
|
|
PFC (Protocol Field Compression), a mechanism where the protocol
|
|
field number is reduced to one octet rather than two.
|
|
.It shortseq
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option determines if
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will request and accept requests for short
|
|
.Pq 12 bit
|
|
sequence numbers when negotiating multi-link mode.
|
|
This is only applicable if our MRRU is set (thus enabling multi-link).
|
|
.It vjcomp
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted.
|
|
This option determines if Van Jacobson header compression will be used.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following options are not actually negotiated with the peer.
|
|
Therefore, accepting or denying them makes no sense.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It filter-decapsulation
|
|
Default: Disabled.
|
|
When this option is enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will examine UDP frames to see if they actually contain a
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
frame as their payload.
|
|
If this is the case, all filters will operate on the payload rather
|
|
than the actual packet.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This is useful if you want to send PPPoUDP traffic over a
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link, but want that link to do smart things with the real data rather than
|
|
the UDP wrapper.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The UDP frame payload must not be compressed in any way, otherwise
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not be able to interpret it.
|
|
It's therefore recommended that you
|
|
.Ic disable vj pred1 deflate
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic deny vj pred1 deflate
|
|
in the configuration for the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
invocation with the udp link.
|
|
.It idcheck
|
|
Default: Enabled.
|
|
When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
exchanges low-level LCP, CCP and IPCP configuration traffic, the
|
|
.Em Identifier
|
|
field of any replies is expected to be the same as that of the request.
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
drops any reply packets that do not contain the expected identifier
|
|
field, reporting the fact at the respective log level.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar idcheck
|
|
is disabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will ignore the identifier field.
|
|
.It keep-session
|
|
Default: Disabled.
|
|
When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
runs as a Multi-link server, a different
|
|
.Nm
|
|
instance initially receives each connection.
|
|
After determining that
|
|
the link belongs to an already existing bundle (controlled by another
|
|
.Nm
|
|
invocation),
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will transfer the link to that process.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the link is a tty device or if this option is enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not exit, but will change its process name to
|
|
.Dq session owner
|
|
and wait for the controlling
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to finish with the link and deliver a signal back to the idle process.
|
|
This prevents the confusion that results from
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
parent considering the link resource available again.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For tty devices that have entries in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ttys ,
|
|
this is necessary to prevent another
|
|
.Xr getty 8
|
|
from being started, and for program links such as
|
|
.Xr sshd 8 ,
|
|
it prevents
|
|
.Xr sshd 8
|
|
from exiting due to the death of its child.
|
|
As
|
|
.Nm
|
|
cannot determine its parents requirements (except for the tty case), this
|
|
option must be enabled manually depending on the circumstances.
|
|
.It loopback
|
|
Default: Enabled.
|
|
When
|
|
.Ar loopback
|
|
is enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will automatically loop back packets being sent
|
|
out with a destination address equal to that of the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
interface.
|
|
If disabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will send the packet, probably resulting in an ICMP redirect from
|
|
the other end.
|
|
It is convenient to have this option enabled when
|
|
the interface is also the default route as it avoids the necessity
|
|
of a loopback route.
|
|
.It passwdauth
|
|
Default: Disabled.
|
|
Enabling this option will tell the PAP authentication
|
|
code to use the password database (see
|
|
.Xr passwd 5 )
|
|
to authenticate the caller if they cannot be found in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
file.
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
is always checked first.
|
|
If you wish to use passwords from
|
|
.Xr passwd 5 ,
|
|
but also to specify an IP number or label for a given client, use
|
|
.Dq \&*
|
|
as the client password in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret .
|
|
.It proxy
|
|
Default: Disabled.
|
|
Enabling this option will tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to proxy ARP for the peer.
|
|
This means that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will make an entry in the ARP table using
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
and the
|
|
.Dv MAC
|
|
address of the local network in which
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
appears.
|
|
This allows other machines connecteed to the LAN to talk to
|
|
the peer as if the peer itself was connected to the LAN.
|
|
The proxy entry cannot be made unless
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
is an address from a LAN.
|
|
.It proxyall
|
|
Default: Disabled.
|
|
Enabling this will tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to add proxy arp entries for every IP address in all class C or
|
|
smaller subnets routed via the tun interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Proxy arp entries are only made for sticky routes that are added
|
|
using the
|
|
.Dq add
|
|
command.
|
|
No proxy arp entries are made for the interface address itself
|
|
(as created by the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command).
|
|
.It sroutes
|
|
Default: Enabled.
|
|
When the
|
|
.Dq add
|
|
command is used with the
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
or
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
values, entries are stored in the
|
|
.Sq stick route
|
|
list.
|
|
Each time
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
or
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
change, this list is re-applied to the routing table.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Disabling this option will prevent the re-application of sticky routes,
|
|
although the
|
|
.Sq stick route
|
|
list will still be maintained.
|
|
.It Op tcp Ns Xo
|
|
.No mssfixup
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Default: Enabled.
|
|
This option tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to adjust TCP SYN packets so that the maximum receive segment
|
|
size is not greater than the amount allowed by the interface MTU.
|
|
.It throughput
|
|
Default: Enabled.
|
|
This option tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to gather throughput statistics.
|
|
Input and output is sampled over
|
|
a rolling 5 second window, and current, best and total figures are retained.
|
|
This data is output when the relevant
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
layer shuts down, and is also available using the
|
|
.Dq show
|
|
command.
|
|
Throughput statistics are available at the
|
|
.Dq IPCP
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq physical
|
|
levels.
|
|
.It utmp
|
|
Default: Enabled.
|
|
Normally, when a user is authenticated using PAP or CHAP, and when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is running in
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
mode, an entry is made in the utmp and wtmp files for that user.
|
|
Disabling this option will tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
not to make any utmp or wtmp entries.
|
|
This is usually only necessary if
|
|
you require the user to both login and authenticate themselves.
|
|
.It iface-alias
|
|
Default: Enabled if
|
|
.Fl nat
|
|
is specified.
|
|
This option simply tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to add new interface addresses to the interface rather than replacing them.
|
|
The option can only be enabled if network address translation is enabled
|
|
.Pq Dq nat enable yes .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
With this option enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will pass traffic for old interface addresses through the NAT engine
|
|
.Pq see Xr libalias 3 ,
|
|
resulting in the ability (in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode) to properly connect the process that caused the PPP link to
|
|
come up in the first place.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Disabling NAT with
|
|
.Dq nat enable no
|
|
will also disable
|
|
.Sq iface-alias .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It add Ns Xo
|
|
.Op !\&
|
|
.Ar dest Ns Op / Ns Ar nn
|
|
.Op Ar mask
|
|
.Op Ar gateway
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Ar Dest
|
|
is the destination IP address.
|
|
The netmask is specified either as a number of bits with
|
|
.Ar /nn
|
|
or as an IP number using
|
|
.Ar mask .
|
|
.Ar 0 0
|
|
or simply
|
|
.Ar 0
|
|
with no mask refers to the default route.
|
|
It is also possible to use the literal name
|
|
.Sq default
|
|
instead of
|
|
.Ar 0 .
|
|
.Ar Gateway
|
|
is the next hop gateway to get to the given
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
machine/network.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Xr route 8
|
|
command for further details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is possible to use the symbolic names
|
|
.Sq MYADDR
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq HISADDR
|
|
as the destination, and
|
|
.Sq HISADDR
|
|
as the
|
|
.Ar gateway .
|
|
.Sq MYADDR
|
|
is replaced with the interface address and
|
|
.Sq HISADDR
|
|
is replaced with the interface destination (peer) address.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar add!\&
|
|
command is used
|
|
.Pq note the trailing Dq !\& ,
|
|
then if the route already exists, it will be updated as with the
|
|
.Sq route change
|
|
command (see
|
|
.Xr route 8
|
|
for further details).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Routes that contain the
|
|
.Dq HISADDR ,
|
|
.Dq MYADDR ,
|
|
.Dq DNS0 ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq DNS1
|
|
constants are considered
|
|
.Sq sticky .
|
|
They are stored in a list (use
|
|
.Dq show ipcp
|
|
to see the list), and each time the value of
|
|
.Dv HISADDR ,
|
|
.Dv MYADDR ,
|
|
.Dv DNS0 ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dv DNS1
|
|
changes, the appropriate routing table entries are updated.
|
|
This facility may be disabled using
|
|
.Dq disable sroutes .
|
|
.It allow Ar command Op Ar args
|
|
This command controls access to
|
|
.Nm
|
|
and its configuration files.
|
|
It is possible to allow user-level access,
|
|
depending on the configuration file label and on the mode that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is being run in.
|
|
For example, you may wish to configure
|
|
.Nm
|
|
so that only user
|
|
.Sq fred
|
|
may access label
|
|
.Sq fredlabel
|
|
in
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
mode.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
User id 0 is immune to these commands.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It allow user Ns Xo
|
|
.Op s
|
|
.Ar logname Ns No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
By default, only user id 0 is allowed access to
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
If this command is used, all of the listed users are allowed access to
|
|
the section in which the
|
|
.Dq allow users
|
|
command is found.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sq default
|
|
section is always checked first (even though it is only ever automatically
|
|
loaded at startup).
|
|
.Dq allow users
|
|
commands are cumulative in a given section, but users allowed in any given
|
|
section override users allowed in the default section, so it's possible to
|
|
allow users access to everything except a given label by specifying default
|
|
users in the
|
|
.Sq default
|
|
section, and then specifying a new user list for that label.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If user
|
|
.Sq *
|
|
is specified, access is allowed to all users.
|
|
.It allow mode Ns Xo
|
|
.Op s
|
|
.Ar mode Ns No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
By default, access using any
|
|
.Nm
|
|
mode is possible.
|
|
If this command is used, it restricts the access
|
|
.Ar modes
|
|
allowed to load the label under which this command is specified.
|
|
Again, as with the
|
|
.Dq allow users
|
|
command, each
|
|
.Dq allow modes
|
|
command overrides any previous settings, and the
|
|
.Sq default
|
|
section is always checked first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Possible modes are:
|
|
.Sq interactive ,
|
|
.Sq auto ,
|
|
.Sq direct ,
|
|
.Sq dedicated ,
|
|
.Sq ddial ,
|
|
.Sq background
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq * .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When running in multi-link mode, a section can be loaded if it allows
|
|
.Em any
|
|
of the currently existing line modes.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It nat Ar command Op Ar args
|
|
This command allows the control of the network address translation (also
|
|
known as masquerading or IP aliasing) facilities that are built into
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
NAT is done on the external interface only, and is unlikely to make sense
|
|
if used with the
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
flag.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If nat is enabled on your system (it may be omitted at compile time),
|
|
the following commands are possible:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It nat enable yes|no
|
|
This command either switches network address translation on or turns it off.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl nat
|
|
command line flag is synonymous with
|
|
.Dq nat enable yes .
|
|
.It nat addr Op Ar addr_local addr_alias
|
|
This command allows data for
|
|
.Ar addr_alias
|
|
to be redirected to
|
|
.Ar addr_local .
|
|
It is useful if you own a small number of real IP numbers that
|
|
you wish to map to specific machines behind your gateway.
|
|
.It nat deny_incoming yes|no
|
|
If set to yes, this command will refuse all incoming packets where an
|
|
aliasing link doesn't already exist.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Sx CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND
|
|
section of
|
|
.Xr libalias 3
|
|
for a description of what an
|
|
.Dq aliasing link
|
|
is.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It should be noted under what circumstances an aliasing link is created by
|
|
.Xr libalias 3 .
|
|
It may be necessary to further protect your network from outside
|
|
connections using the
|
|
.Dq set filter
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq nat target
|
|
commands.
|
|
.It nat help|?
|
|
This command gives a summary of available nat commands.
|
|
.It nat log yes|no
|
|
This option causes various NAT statistics and information to
|
|
be logged to the file
|
|
.Pa /var/log/alias.log .
|
|
.It nat port Ar proto Ar targetIP Ns Xo
|
|
.No : Ns Ar targetPort Ns
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.No - Ns Ar targetPort
|
|
.Oc Ar aliasPort Ns
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.No - Ns Ar aliasPort
|
|
.Oc Oo Ar remoteIP : Ns
|
|
.Ar remotePort Ns
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.No - Ns Ar remotePort
|
|
.Oc Ns
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command causes incoming
|
|
.Ar proto
|
|
connections to
|
|
.Ar aliasPort
|
|
to be redirected to
|
|
.Ar targetPort
|
|
on
|
|
.Ar targetIP .
|
|
.Ar proto
|
|
is either
|
|
.Dq tcp
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq udp .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A range of port numbers may be specified as shown above.
|
|
The ranges must be of the same size.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar remoteIP
|
|
is specified, only data coming from that IP number is redirected.
|
|
.Ar remotePort
|
|
must either be
|
|
.Dq 0
|
|
.Pq indicating any source port
|
|
or a range of ports the same size as the other ranges.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This option is useful if you wish to run things like Internet phone on
|
|
machines behind your gateway, but is limited in that connections to only
|
|
one interior machine per source machine and target port are possible.
|
|
.It nat proto Ar proto localIP Oo
|
|
.Ar publicIP Op Ar remoteIP
|
|
.Oc
|
|
This command tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to redirect packets of protocol type
|
|
.Ar proto
|
|
.Pq see Xr protocols 5
|
|
to the internall address
|
|
.Ar localIP .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar publicIP
|
|
is specified, only packets destined for that address are matched,
|
|
otherwise the default alias address is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar remoteIP
|
|
is specified, only packets matching that source address are matched,
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This command is useful for redirecting tunnel endpoints to an internal machine,
|
|
for example:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl nat proto ipencap 10.0.0.1
|
|
.It "nat proxy cmd" Ar arg Ns No ...
|
|
This command tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to proxy certain connections, redirecting them to a given server.
|
|
Refer to the description of
|
|
.Fn PacketAliasProxyRule
|
|
in
|
|
.Xr libalias 3
|
|
for details of the available commands.
|
|
.It nat same_ports yes|no
|
|
When enabled, this command will tell the network address translation engine to
|
|
attempt to avoid changing the port number on outgoing packets.
|
|
This is useful
|
|
if you want to support protocols such as RPC and LPD which require
|
|
connections to come from a well known port.
|
|
.It nat target Op Ar address
|
|
Set the given target address or clear it if no address is given.
|
|
The target address is used by libalias to specify how to NAT incoming
|
|
packets by default.
|
|
If a target address is not set or if
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
is given, packets are not altered and are allowed to route to the internal
|
|
network.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The target address may be set to
|
|
.Dq MYADDR ,
|
|
in which case libalias will redirect all packets to the interface address.
|
|
.It nat use_sockets yes|no
|
|
When enabled, this option tells the network address translation engine to
|
|
create a socket so that it can guarantee a correct incoming ftp data or
|
|
IRC connection.
|
|
.It nat unregistered_only yes|no
|
|
Only alter outgoing packets with an unregistered source address.
|
|
According to RFC 1918, unregistered source addresses
|
|
are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
These commands are also discussed in the file
|
|
.Pa README.nat
|
|
which comes with the source distribution.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It Op !\& Ns Xo
|
|
.No bg Ar command
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The given
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is executed in the background with the following words replaced:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width PEER_ENDDISC
|
|
.It Li AUTHNAME
|
|
This is replaced with the local
|
|
.Ar authname
|
|
value.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Dq set authname
|
|
command below.
|
|
.It Li COMPILATIONDATE
|
|
This is replaced with the date on which
|
|
.Nm
|
|
was compiled.
|
|
.It Li DNS0 & DNS1
|
|
These are replaced with the primary and secondary nameserver IP numbers.
|
|
If nameservers are negotiated by IPCP, the values of these macros will change.
|
|
.It Li ENDDISC
|
|
This is replaced with the local endpoint discriminator value.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Dq set enddisc
|
|
command below.
|
|
.It Li HISADDR
|
|
This is replaced with the peers IP number.
|
|
.It Li INTERFACE
|
|
This is replaced with the name of the interface that's in use.
|
|
.It Li LABEL
|
|
This is replaced with the last label name used.
|
|
A label may be specified on the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command line, via the
|
|
.Dq load
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq dial
|
|
commands and in the
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret
|
|
file.
|
|
.It Li MYADDR
|
|
This is replaced with the IP number assigned to the local interface.
|
|
.It Li PEER_ENDDISC
|
|
This is replaced with the value of the peers endpoint discriminator.
|
|
.It Li PROCESSID
|
|
This is replaced with the current process id.
|
|
.It Li VERSION
|
|
This is replaced with the current version number of
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.It Li USER
|
|
This is replaced with the username that has been authenticated with PAP or
|
|
CHAP.
|
|
Normally, this variable is assigned only in -direct mode.
|
|
This value is available irrespective of whether utmp logging is enabled.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
These substitutions are also done by the
|
|
.Dq set proctitle
|
|
command.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you wish to pause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
while the command executes, use the
|
|
.Dq shell
|
|
command instead.
|
|
.It clear physical|ipcp Op current|overall|peak...
|
|
Clear the specified throughput values at either the
|
|
.Dq physical
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq ipcp
|
|
level.
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq physical
|
|
is specified, context must be given (see the
|
|
.Dq link
|
|
command below).
|
|
If no second argument is given, all values are cleared.
|
|
.It clone Ar name Ns Xo
|
|
.Op \&, Ns Ar name Ns
|
|
.No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Clone the specified link, creating one or more new links according to the
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
argument(s).
|
|
This command must be used from the
|
|
.Dq link
|
|
command below unless you've only got a single link (in which case that
|
|
link becomes the default).
|
|
Links may be removed using the
|
|
.Dq remove
|
|
command below.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default link name is
|
|
.Dq deflink .
|
|
.It close Op lcp|ccp Ns Op !\&
|
|
If no arguments are given, the relevant protocol layers will be brought
|
|
down and the link will be closed.
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq lcp
|
|
is specified, the LCP layer is brought down, but
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not bring the link offline.
|
|
It is subsequently possible to use
|
|
.Dq term
|
|
.Pq see below
|
|
to talk to the peer machine if, for example, something like
|
|
.Dq slirp
|
|
is being used.
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq ccp
|
|
is specified, only the relevant compression layer is closed.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq !\&
|
|
is used, the compression layer will remain in the closed state, otherwise
|
|
it will re-enter the STOPPED state, waiting for the peer to initiate
|
|
further CCP negotiation.
|
|
In any event, this command does not disconnect the user from
|
|
.Nm
|
|
or exit
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
See the
|
|
.Dq quit
|
|
command below.
|
|
.It delete Ns Xo
|
|
.Op !\&
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command deletes the route with the given
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
IP address.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
is specified as
|
|
.Sq ALL ,
|
|
all non-direct entries in the routing table for the current interface,
|
|
and all
|
|
.Sq sticky route
|
|
entries are deleted.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
is specified as
|
|
.Sq default ,
|
|
the default route is deleted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar delete!\&
|
|
command is used
|
|
.Pq note the trailing Dq !\& ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not complain if the route does not already exist.
|
|
.It dial|call Op Ar label Ns Xo
|
|
.No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command is the equivalent of
|
|
.Dq load label
|
|
followed by
|
|
.Dq open ,
|
|
and is provided for backwards compatibility.
|
|
.It down Op Ar lcp|ccp
|
|
Bring the relevant layer down ungracefully, as if the underlying layer
|
|
had become unavailable.
|
|
It's not considered polite to use this command on
|
|
a Finite State Machine that's in the OPEN state.
|
|
If no arguments are
|
|
supplied, the entire link is closed (or if no context is given, all links
|
|
are terminated).
|
|
If
|
|
.Sq lcp
|
|
is specified, the
|
|
.Em LCP
|
|
layer is terminated but the device is not brought offline and the link
|
|
is not closed.
|
|
If
|
|
.Sq ccp
|
|
is specified, only the relevant compression layer(s) are terminated.
|
|
.It help|? Op Ar command
|
|
Show a list of available commands.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is specified, show the usage string for that command.
|
|
.It ident Op Ar text Ns No ...
|
|
Identify the link to the peer using
|
|
.Ar text .
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar text
|
|
is empty, link identification is disabled.
|
|
It is possible to use any of the words described for the
|
|
.Ic bg
|
|
command above.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Ic sendident
|
|
command for details of when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
identifies itself to the peer.
|
|
.It iface Ar command Op args
|
|
This command is used to control the interface used by
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.Ar Command
|
|
may be one of the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It iface add Ns Xo
|
|
.Op !\&
|
|
.Ar addr Ns Op / Ns Ar bits
|
|
.Op Ar peer
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.It iface add Ns Xo
|
|
.Op !\&
|
|
.Ar addr
|
|
.Ar mask
|
|
.Ar peer
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Add the given
|
|
.Ar addr mask peer
|
|
combination to the interface.
|
|
Instead of specifying
|
|
.Ar mask ,
|
|
.Ar /bits
|
|
can be used
|
|
.Pq with no space between \&it and Ar addr .
|
|
If the given address already exists, the command fails unless the
|
|
.Dq !\&
|
|
is used - in which case the previous interface address entry is overwritten
|
|
with the new one, allowing a change of netmask or peer address.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If only
|
|
.Ar addr
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Ar bits
|
|
defaults to
|
|
.Dq 32
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar peer
|
|
defaults to
|
|
.Dq 255.255.255.255 .
|
|
This address (the broadcast address) is the only duplicate peer address that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
allows.
|
|
.It iface clear
|
|
If this command is used while
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is in the OPENED state or while in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, all addresses except for the IPCP negotiated address are deleted
|
|
from the interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is not in the OPENED state and is not in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, all interface addresses are deleted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It iface delete Ns Xo
|
|
.Op !\& Ns
|
|
.No |rm Ns Op !\&
|
|
.Ar addr
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command deletes the given
|
|
.Ar addr
|
|
from the interface.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq !\&
|
|
is used, no error is given if the address isn't currently assigned to
|
|
the interface (and no deletion takes place).
|
|
.It iface show
|
|
Shows the current state and current addresses for the interface.
|
|
It is much the same as running
|
|
.Dq ifconfig INTERFACE .
|
|
.It iface help Op Ar sub-command
|
|
This command, when invoked without
|
|
.Ar sub-command ,
|
|
will show a list of possible
|
|
.Dq iface
|
|
sub-commands and a brief synopsis for each.
|
|
When invoked with
|
|
.Ar sub-command ,
|
|
only the synopsis for the given sub-command is shown.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Op data Ns Xo
|
|
.No link
|
|
.Ar name Ns Op , Ns Ar name Ns
|
|
.No ... Ar command Op Ar args
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command may prefix any other command if the user wishes to
|
|
specify which link the command should affect.
|
|
This is only applicable after multiple links have been created in Multi-link
|
|
mode using the
|
|
.Dq clone
|
|
command.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ar Name
|
|
specifies the name of an existing link.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
is a comma separated list,
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is executed on each link.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
is
|
|
.Dq * ,
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is executed on all links.
|
|
.It load Op Ar label Ns Xo
|
|
.No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Load the given
|
|
.Ar label Ns No (s)
|
|
from the
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar label
|
|
is not given, the
|
|
.Ar default
|
|
label is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unless the
|
|
.Ar label
|
|
section uses the
|
|
.Dq set mode ,
|
|
.Dq open
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq dial
|
|
commands,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not attempt to make an immediate connection.
|
|
.It open Op lcp|ccp|ipcp
|
|
This is the opposite of the
|
|
.Dq close
|
|
command.
|
|
All closed links are immediately brought up apart from second and subsequent
|
|
.Ar demand-dial
|
|
links - these will come up based on the
|
|
.Dq set autoload
|
|
command that has been used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq lcp
|
|
argument is used while the LCP layer is already open, LCP will be
|
|
renegotiated.
|
|
This allows various LCP options to be changed, after which
|
|
.Dq open lcp
|
|
can be used to put them into effect.
|
|
After renegotiating LCP,
|
|
any agreed authentication will also take place.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq ccp
|
|
argument is used, the relevant compression layer is opened.
|
|
Again, if it is already open, it will be renegotiated.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq ipcp
|
|
argument is used, the link will be brought up as normal, but if
|
|
IPCP is already open, it will be renegotiated and the network
|
|
interface will be reconfigured.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is probably not good practice to re-open the PPP state machines
|
|
like this as it's possible that the peer will not behave correctly.
|
|
It
|
|
.Em is
|
|
however useful as a way of forcing the CCP or VJ dictionaries to be reset.
|
|
.It passwd Ar pass
|
|
Specify the password required for access to the full
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command set.
|
|
This password is required when connecting to the diagnostic port (see the
|
|
.Dq set server
|
|
command).
|
|
.Ar Pass
|
|
is specified on the
|
|
.Dq set server
|
|
command line.
|
|
The value of
|
|
.Ar pass
|
|
is not logged when
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
logging is active, instead, the literal string
|
|
.Sq ********
|
|
is logged.
|
|
.It quit|bye Op all
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq quit
|
|
is executed from the controlling connection or from a command file,
|
|
ppp will exit after closing all connections.
|
|
Otherwise, if the user
|
|
is connected to a diagnostic socket, the connection is simply dropped.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar all
|
|
argument is given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will exit despite the source of the command after closing all existing
|
|
connections.
|
|
.It remove|rm
|
|
This command removes the given link.
|
|
It is only really useful in multi-link mode.
|
|
A link must be in the
|
|
.Dv CLOSED
|
|
state before it is removed.
|
|
.It rename|mv Ar name
|
|
This command renames the given link to
|
|
.Ar name .
|
|
It will fail if
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
is already used by another link.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default link name is
|
|
.Sq deflink .
|
|
Renaming it to
|
|
.Sq modem ,
|
|
.Sq cuaa0
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq USR
|
|
may make the log file more readable.
|
|
.It resolv Ar command
|
|
This command controls
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
manipulation of the
|
|
.Xr resolv.conf 5
|
|
file.
|
|
When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
starts up, it loads the contents of this file into memory and retains this
|
|
image for future use.
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is one of the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width readonly
|
|
.It Em readonly
|
|
Treat
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
as read only.
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq dns
|
|
is enabled,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will still attempt to negotiate nameservers with the peer, making the results
|
|
available via the
|
|
.Dv DNS0
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv DNS1
|
|
macros.
|
|
This is the opposite of the
|
|
.Dq resolv writable
|
|
command.
|
|
.It Em reload
|
|
Reload
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
into memory.
|
|
This may be necessary if for example a DHCP client overwrote
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
|
|
.It Em restore
|
|
Replace
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
with the version originally read at startup or with the last
|
|
.Dq resolv reload
|
|
command.
|
|
This is sometimes a useful command to put in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkdown
|
|
file.
|
|
.It Em rewrite
|
|
Rewrite the
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
file.
|
|
This command will work even if the
|
|
.Dq resolv readonly
|
|
command has been used.
|
|
It may be useful as a command in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
file if you wish to defer updating
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
until after other commands have finished.
|
|
.It Em writable
|
|
Allow
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to update
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
if
|
|
.Dq dns
|
|
is enabled and
|
|
.Nm
|
|
successfully negotiates a DNS.
|
|
This is the opposite of the
|
|
.Dq resolv readonly
|
|
command.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It save
|
|
This option is not (yet) implemented.
|
|
.It sendident
|
|
This command tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to identify itself to the peer.
|
|
The link must be in LCP state or higher.
|
|
If no identity has been set (via the
|
|
.Ic ident
|
|
command),
|
|
.Ic sendident
|
|
will fail.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When an identity has been set,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will automatically identify itself when it sends or receives a configure
|
|
reject, when negotiation fails or when LCP reaches the opened state.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Received identification packets are logged to the LCP log (see
|
|
.Ic set log
|
|
for details) and are never responded to.
|
|
.It set Ns Xo
|
|
.Op up
|
|
.Ar var value
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This option allows the setting of any of the following variables:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It set accmap Ar hex-value
|
|
ACCMap stands for Asynchronous Control Character Map.
|
|
This is always
|
|
negotiated with the peer, and defaults to a value of 00000000 in hex.
|
|
This protocol is required to defeat hardware that depends on passing
|
|
certain characters from end to end (such as XON/XOFF etc).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the XON/XOFF scenario, use
|
|
.Dq set accmap 000a0000 .
|
|
.It set Op auth Ns Xo
|
|
.No key Ar value
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This sets the authentication key (or password) used in client mode
|
|
PAP or CHAP negotiation to the given value.
|
|
It also specifies the
|
|
password to be used in the dial or login scripts in place of the
|
|
.Sq \eP
|
|
sequence, preventing the actual password from being logged.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
or
|
|
.Ar chat
|
|
logging is in effect,
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is logged as
|
|
.Sq ********
|
|
for security reasons.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is an exclamation mark
|
|
.Pq Dq !\& ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
treats the remainder of the string as a program that must be executed
|
|
to determine the
|
|
.Dq authname
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq authkey
|
|
values.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq !\&
|
|
is doubled up
|
|
.Pq to Dq !! ,
|
|
it is treated as a single literal
|
|
.Dq !\& ,
|
|
otherwise, ignoring the
|
|
.Dq !\& ,
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is parsed as a program to execute in the same was as the
|
|
.Dq !bg
|
|
command above, substituting special names in the same manner.
|
|
Once executed,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will feed the program three lines of input, each terminated by a newline
|
|
character:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
The host name as sent in the CHAP challenge.
|
|
.It
|
|
The challenge string as sent in the CHAP challenge.
|
|
.It
|
|
The locally defined
|
|
.Dq authname .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Two lines of output are expected:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq authname
|
|
to be sent with the CHAP response.
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq authkey ,
|
|
which is encrypted with the challenge and request id, the answer being sent
|
|
in the CHAP response packet.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When configuring
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in this manner, it's expected that the host challenge is a series of ASCII
|
|
digits or characters.
|
|
An encryption device or Secure ID card is usually
|
|
required to calculate the secret appropriate for the given challenge.
|
|
.It set authname Ar id
|
|
This sets the authentication id used in client mode PAP or CHAP negotiation.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If used in
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
mode with CHAP enabled,
|
|
.Ar id
|
|
is used in the initial authentication challenge and should normally be set to
|
|
the local machine name.
|
|
.It set autoload Xo
|
|
.Ar min-percent max-percent period
|
|
.Xc
|
|
These settings apply only in multi-link mode and default to zero, zero and
|
|
five respectively.
|
|
When more than one
|
|
.Ar demand-dial
|
|
.Pq also known as Fl auto
|
|
mode link is available, only the first link is made active when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
first reads data from the tun device.
|
|
The next
|
|
.Ar demand-dial
|
|
link will be opened only when the current bundle throughput is at least
|
|
.Ar max-percent
|
|
percent of the total bundle bandwidth for
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
seconds.
|
|
When the current bundle throughput decreases to
|
|
.Ar min-percent
|
|
percent or less of the total bundle bandwidth for
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
seconds, a
|
|
.Ar demand-dial
|
|
link will be brought down as long as it's not the last active link.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Bundle throughput is measured as the maximum of inbound and outbound
|
|
traffic.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default values cause
|
|
.Ar demand-dial
|
|
links to simply come up one at a time.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Certain devices cannot determine their physical bandwidth, so it
|
|
is sometimes necessary to use the
|
|
.Dq set bandwidth
|
|
command (described below) to make
|
|
.Dq set autoload
|
|
work correctly.
|
|
.It set bandwidth Ar value
|
|
This command sets the connection bandwidth in bits per second.
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
must be greater than zero.
|
|
It is currently only used by the
|
|
.Dq set autoload
|
|
command above.
|
|
.It set callback Ar option Ns No ...
|
|
If no arguments are given, callback is disabled, otherwise,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will request (or in
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
mode, will accept) one of the given
|
|
.Ar option Ns No s .
|
|
In client mode, if an
|
|
.Ar option
|
|
is NAK'd
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will request a different
|
|
.Ar option ,
|
|
until no options remain at which point
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will terminate negotiations (unless
|
|
.Dq none
|
|
is one of the specified
|
|
.Ar option ) .
|
|
In server mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will accept any of the given protocols - but the client
|
|
.Em must
|
|
request one of them.
|
|
If you wish callback to be optional, you must include
|
|
.Ar none
|
|
as an option.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar option Ns No s
|
|
are as follows (in this order of preference):
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It auth
|
|
The callee is expected to decide the callback number based on
|
|
authentication.
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is the callee, the number should be specified as the fifth field of
|
|
the peers entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret .
|
|
.It cbcp
|
|
Microsoft's callback control protocol is used.
|
|
See
|
|
.Dq set cbcp
|
|
below.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you wish to negotiate
|
|
.Ar cbcp
|
|
in client mode but also wish to allow the server to request no callback at
|
|
CBCP negotiation time, you must specify both
|
|
.Ar cbcp
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar none
|
|
as callback options.
|
|
.It E.164 *| Ns Xo
|
|
.Ar number Ns Op , Ns Ar number Ns
|
|
.No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The caller specifies the
|
|
.Ar number .
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is the callee,
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
should be either a comma separated list of allowable numbers or a
|
|
.Dq \&* ,
|
|
meaning any number is permitted.
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is the caller, only a single number should be specified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note, this option is very unsafe when used with a
|
|
.Dq \&*
|
|
as a malicious caller can tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to call any (possibly international) number without first authenticating
|
|
themselves.
|
|
.It none
|
|
If the peer does not wish to do callback at all,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will accept the fact and continue without callback rather than terminating
|
|
the connection.
|
|
This is required (in addition to one or more other callback
|
|
options) if you wish callback to be optional.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It set cbcp Oo
|
|
.No *| Ns Ar number Ns Oo
|
|
.No , Ns Ar number Ns ...\& Oc
|
|
.Op Ar delay Op Ar retry
|
|
.Oc
|
|
If no arguments are given, CBCP (Microsoft's CallBack Control Protocol)
|
|
is disabled - ie, configuring CBCP in the
|
|
.Dq set callback
|
|
command will result in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
requesting no callback in the CBCP phase.
|
|
Otherwise,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to use the given phone
|
|
.Ar number Ns No (s).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In server mode
|
|
.Pq Fl direct ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will insist that the client uses one of these numbers, unless
|
|
.Dq \&*
|
|
is used in which case the client is expected to specify the number.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In client mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to use one of the given numbers (whichever it finds to
|
|
be agreeable with the peer), or if
|
|
.Dq \&*
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will expect the peer to specify the number.
|
|
.It set cd Oo
|
|
.No off| Ns Ar seconds Ns Op !\&
|
|
.Oc
|
|
Normally,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
checks for the existence of carrier depending on the type of device
|
|
that has been opened:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width XXX -offset XXX
|
|
.It Terminal Devices
|
|
Carrier is checked one second after the login script is complete.
|
|
If it's not set,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
assumes that this is because the device doesn't support carrier (which
|
|
is true for most
|
|
.Dq laplink
|
|
NULL-modem cables), logs the fact and stops checking
|
|
for carrier.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As ptys don't support the TIOCMGET ioctl, the tty device will switch all
|
|
carrier detection off when it detects that the device is a pty.
|
|
.It ISDN (i4b) Devices
|
|
Carrier is checked once per second for 6 seconds.
|
|
If it's not set after
|
|
the sixth second, the connection attempt is considered to have failed and
|
|
the device is closed.
|
|
Carrier is always required for i4b devices.
|
|
.It PPPoE (netgraph) Devices
|
|
Carrier is checked once per second for 5 seconds.
|
|
If it's not set after
|
|
the fifth second, the connection attempt is considered to have failed and
|
|
the device is closed.
|
|
Carrier is always required for PPPoE devices.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All other device types don't support carrier.
|
|
Setting a carrier value will
|
|
result in a warning when the device is opened.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Some modems take more than one second after connecting to assert the carrier
|
|
signal.
|
|
If this delay isn't increased, this will result in
|
|
.Nm Ns No 's
|
|
inability to detect when the link is dropped, as
|
|
.Nm
|
|
assumes that the device isn't asserting carrier.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set cd
|
|
command overrides the default carrier behaviour.
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
specifies the maximum number of seconds that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
should wait after the dial script has finished before deciding if
|
|
carrier is available or not.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq off
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not check for carrier on the device, otherwise
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not proceed to the login script until either carrier is detected
|
|
or until
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
has elapsed, at which point
|
|
.Nm
|
|
assumes that the device will not set carrier.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If no arguments are given, carrier settings will go back to their default
|
|
values.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
is followed immediately by an exclamation mark
|
|
.Pq Dq !\& ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will
|
|
.Em require
|
|
carrier.
|
|
If carrier is not detected after
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
seconds, the link will be disconnected.
|
|
.It set choked Op Ar timeout
|
|
This sets the number of seconds that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will keep a choked output queue before dropping all pending output packets.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
is less than or equal to zero or if
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
isn't specified, it is set to the default value of
|
|
.Em 120 seconds .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A choked output queue occurs when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has read a certain number of packets from the local network for transmission,
|
|
but cannot send the data due to link failure (the peer is busy etc.).
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not read packets indefinitely.
|
|
Instead, it reads up to
|
|
.Em 30
|
|
packets (or
|
|
.Em 30 No +
|
|
.Em nlinks No *
|
|
.Em 2
|
|
packets in multi-link mode), then stops reading the network interface
|
|
until either
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
seconds have passed or at least one packet has been sent.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
seconds pass, all pending output packets are dropped.
|
|
.It set ctsrts|crtscts on|off
|
|
This sets hardware flow control.
|
|
Hardware flow control is
|
|
.Ar on
|
|
by default.
|
|
.It set deflate Ar out-winsize Op Ar in-winsize
|
|
This sets the DEFLATE algorithms default outgoing and incoming window
|
|
sizes.
|
|
Both
|
|
.Ar out-winsize
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar in-winsize
|
|
must be values between
|
|
.Em 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Em 15 .
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar in-winsize
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will insist that this window size is used and will not accept any other
|
|
values from the peer.
|
|
.It set dns Op Ar primary Op Ar secondary
|
|
This command specifies DNS overrides for the
|
|
.Dq accept dns
|
|
command.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Dq accept
|
|
command description above for details.
|
|
This command does not affect the IP numbers requested using
|
|
.Dq enable dns .
|
|
.It set device|line Xo
|
|
.Ar value Ns No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This sets the device(s) to which
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will talk to the given
|
|
.Dq value .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All ISDN and serial device names are expected to begin with
|
|
.Pa /dev/ .
|
|
ISDN devices are usually called
|
|
.Pa i4brbchX
|
|
and serial devices are usually called
|
|
.Pa cuaXX .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq value
|
|
does not begin with
|
|
.Pa /dev/ ,
|
|
it must either begin with an exclamation mark
|
|
.Pq Dq !\& ,
|
|
be of the format
|
|
.No PPPoE: Ns Ar iface Ns Xo
|
|
.Op \&: Ns Ar provider Ns
|
|
.Xc
|
|
(on
|
|
.Xr netgraph 4
|
|
enabled systems), or be of the format
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar host : port Op /tcp|udp .
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If it begins with an exclamation mark, the rest of the device name is
|
|
treated as a program name, and that program is executed when the device
|
|
is opened.
|
|
Standard input, output and error are fed back to
|
|
.Nm
|
|
and are read and written as if they were a regular device.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a
|
|
.No PPPoE: Ns Ar iface Ns Xo
|
|
.Op \&: Ns Ar provider Ns
|
|
.Xc
|
|
specification is given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to create a
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
over Ethernet connection using the given
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
interface by using
|
|
.Xr netgraph 4 .
|
|
If
|
|
.Xr netgraph 4
|
|
is not available,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to load it using
|
|
.Xr kldload 2 .
|
|
If this fails, an external program must be used such as the
|
|
.Xr pppoe 8
|
|
program available under OpenBSD.
|
|
The given
|
|
.Ar provider
|
|
is passed as the service name in the PPPoE Discovery Initiation (PADI)
|
|
packet.
|
|
If no provider is given, an empty value will be used.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Xr netgraph 4
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ng_pppoe 4
|
|
for further details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a
|
|
.Ar host Ns No : Ns Ar port Ns Oo
|
|
.No /tcp|udp
|
|
.Oc
|
|
specification is given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to connect to the given
|
|
.Ar host
|
|
on the given
|
|
.Ar port .
|
|
If a
|
|
.Dq /tcp
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq /udp
|
|
suffix is not provided, the default is
|
|
.Dq /tcp .
|
|
Refer to the section on
|
|
.Em PPP OVER TCP and UDP
|
|
above for further details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If multiple
|
|
.Dq values
|
|
are specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to open each one in turn until it succeeds or runs out of
|
|
devices.
|
|
.It set dial Ar chat-script
|
|
This specifies the chat script that will be used to dial the other
|
|
side.
|
|
See also the
|
|
.Dq set login
|
|
command below.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Xr chat 8
|
|
and to the example configuration files for details of the chat script
|
|
format.
|
|
It is possible to specify some special
|
|
.Sq values
|
|
in your chat script as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It Li \ec
|
|
When used as the last character in a
|
|
.Sq send
|
|
string, this indicates that a newline should not be appended.
|
|
.It Li \ed
|
|
When the chat script encounters this sequence, it delays two seconds.
|
|
.It Li \ep
|
|
When the chat script encounters this sequence, it delays for one quarter of
|
|
a second.
|
|
.It Li \en
|
|
This is replaced with a newline character.
|
|
.It Li \er
|
|
This is replaced with a carriage return character.
|
|
.It Li \es
|
|
This is replaced with a space character.
|
|
.It Li \et
|
|
This is replaced with a tab character.
|
|
.It Li \eT
|
|
This is replaced by the current phone number (see
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
below).
|
|
.It Li \eP
|
|
This is replaced by the current
|
|
.Ar authkey
|
|
value (see
|
|
.Dq set authkey
|
|
above).
|
|
.It Li \eU
|
|
This is replaced by the current
|
|
.Ar authname
|
|
value (see
|
|
.Dq set authname
|
|
above).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that two parsers will examine these escape sequences, so in order to
|
|
have the
|
|
.Sq chat parser
|
|
see the escape character, it is necessary to escape it from the
|
|
.Sq command parser .
|
|
This means that in practice you should use two escapes, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set dial "... ATDT\\\\T CONNECT"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is also possible to execute external commands from the chat script.
|
|
To do this, the first character of the expect or send string is an
|
|
exclamation mark
|
|
.Pq Dq !\& .
|
|
If a literal exclamation mark is required, double it up to
|
|
.Dq !!\&
|
|
and it will be treated as a single literal
|
|
.Dq !\& .
|
|
When the command is executed, standard input and standard output are
|
|
directed to the open device (see the
|
|
.Dq set device
|
|
command), and standard error is read by
|
|
.Nm
|
|
and substituted as the expect or send string.
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is running in interactive mode, file descriptor 3 is attached to
|
|
.Pa /dev/tty .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For example (wrapped for readability):
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set login "TIMEOUT 5 \\"\\" \\"\\" login:--login: ppp \e
|
|
word: ppp \\"!sh \\\\-c \\\\\\"echo \\\\-n label: >&2\\\\\\"\\" \e
|
|
\\"!/bin/echo in\\" HELLO"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
would result in the following chat sequence (output using the
|
|
.Sq set log local chat
|
|
command before dialing):
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
Dial attempt 1 of 1
|
|
dial OK!
|
|
Chat: Expecting:
|
|
Chat: Sending:
|
|
Chat: Expecting: login:--login:
|
|
Chat: Wait for (5): login:
|
|
Chat: Sending: ppp
|
|
Chat: Expecting: word:
|
|
Chat: Wait for (5): word:
|
|
Chat: Sending: ppp
|
|
Chat: Expecting: !sh \\-c "echo \\-n label: >&2"
|
|
Chat: Exec: sh -c "echo -n label: >&2"
|
|
Chat: Wait for (5): !sh \\-c "echo \\-n label: >&2" --> label:
|
|
Chat: Exec: /bin/echo in
|
|
Chat: Sending:
|
|
Chat: Expecting: HELLO
|
|
Chat: Wait for (5): HELLO
|
|
login OK!
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note (again) the use of the escape character, allowing many levels of
|
|
nesting.
|
|
Here, there are four parsers at work.
|
|
The first parses the original line, reading it as three arguments.
|
|
The second parses the third argument, reading it as 11 arguments.
|
|
At this point, it is
|
|
important that the
|
|
.Dq \&-
|
|
signs are escaped, otherwise this parser will see them as constituting
|
|
an expect-send-expect sequence.
|
|
When the
|
|
.Dq !\&
|
|
character is seen, the execution parser reads the first command as three
|
|
arguments, and then
|
|
.Xr sh 1
|
|
itself expands the argument after the
|
|
.Fl c .
|
|
As we wish to send the output back to the modem, in the first example
|
|
we redirect our output to file descriptor 2 (stderr) so that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
itself sends and logs it, and in the second example, we just output to stdout,
|
|
which is attached directly to the modem.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This, of course means that it is possible to execute an entirely external
|
|
.Dq chat
|
|
command rather than using the internal one.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr chat 8
|
|
for a good alternative.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The external command that is executed is subjected to the same special
|
|
word expansions as the
|
|
.Dq !bg
|
|
command.
|
|
.It set enddisc Op label|IP|MAC|magic|psn value
|
|
This command sets our local endpoint discriminator.
|
|
If set prior to LCP negotiation, and if no
|
|
.Dq disable enddisc
|
|
command has been used,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will send the information to the peer using the LCP endpoint discriminator
|
|
option.
|
|
The following discriminators may be set:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Li label
|
|
The current label is used.
|
|
.It Li IP
|
|
Our local IP number is used.
|
|
As LCP is negotiated prior to IPCP, it is
|
|
possible that the IPCP layer will subsequently change this value.
|
|
If
|
|
it does, the endpoint discriminator stays at the old value unless manually
|
|
reset.
|
|
.It Li MAC
|
|
This is similar to the
|
|
.Ar IP
|
|
option above, except that the MAC address associated with the local IP
|
|
number is used.
|
|
If the local IP number is not resident on any Ethernet
|
|
interface, the command will fail.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As the local IP number defaults to whatever the machine host name is,
|
|
.Dq set enddisc mac
|
|
is usually done prior to any
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
commands.
|
|
.It Li magic
|
|
A 20 digit random number is used.
|
|
Care should be taken when using magic numbers as restarting
|
|
.Nm
|
|
or creating a link using a different
|
|
.Nm
|
|
invocation will also use a different magic number and will therefore not
|
|
be recognised by the peer as belonging to the same bundle.
|
|
This makes it unsuitable for
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
connections.
|
|
.It Li psn Ar value
|
|
The given
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is used.
|
|
.Ar Value
|
|
should be set to an absolute public switched network number with the
|
|
country code first.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If no arguments are given, the endpoint discriminator is reset.
|
|
.It set escape Ar value...
|
|
This option is similar to the
|
|
.Dq set accmap
|
|
option above.
|
|
It allows the user to specify a set of characters that will be
|
|
.Sq escaped
|
|
as they travel across the link.
|
|
.It set filter dial|alive|in|out Ar rule-no Xo
|
|
.No permit|deny|clear| Ns Ar rule-no
|
|
.Op !\&
|
|
.Oo Op host
|
|
.Ar src_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
.Op Ar dst_addr Ns Op / Ns Ar width
|
|
.Oc [ tcp|udp|ospf|ipip|igmp|icmp Op src lt|eq|gt Ar port
|
|
.Op dst lt|eq|gt Ar port
|
|
.Op estab
|
|
.Op syn
|
|
.Op finrst
|
|
.Op timeout Ar secs ]
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Nm
|
|
supports four filter sets.
|
|
The
|
|
.Em alive
|
|
filter specifies packets that keep the connection alive - resetting the
|
|
idle timer.
|
|
The
|
|
.Em dial
|
|
filter specifies packets that cause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to dial when in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode.
|
|
The
|
|
.Em in
|
|
filter specifies packets that are allowed to travel
|
|
into the machine and the
|
|
.Em out
|
|
filter specifies packets that are allowed out of the machine.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Filtering is done prior to any IP alterations that might be done by the
|
|
NAT engine on outgoing packets and after any IP alterations that might
|
|
be done by the NAT engine on incoming packets.
|
|
By default all empty filter sets allow all packets to pass.
|
|
Rules are processed in order according to
|
|
.Ar rule-no
|
|
(unless skipped by specifying a rule number as the
|
|
.Ar action ) .
|
|
Up to 40 rules may be given for each set.
|
|
If a packet doesn't match
|
|
any of the rules in a given set, it is discarded.
|
|
In the case of
|
|
.Em in
|
|
and
|
|
.Em out
|
|
filters, this means that the packet is dropped.
|
|
In the case of
|
|
.Em alive
|
|
filters it means that the packet will not reset the idle timer (even if
|
|
the
|
|
.Ar in Ns No / Ns Ar out
|
|
filter has a
|
|
.Dq timeout
|
|
value) and in the case of
|
|
.Em dial
|
|
filters it means that the packet will not trigger a dial.
|
|
A packet failing to trigger a dial will be dropped rather than queued.
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
section on
|
|
.Sx PACKET FILTERING
|
|
above for further details.
|
|
.It set hangup Ar chat-script
|
|
This specifies the chat script that will be used to reset the device
|
|
before it is closed.
|
|
It should not normally be necessary, but can
|
|
be used for devices that fail to reset themselves properly on close.
|
|
.It set help|? Op Ar command
|
|
This command gives a summary of available set commands, or if
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is specified, the command usage is shown.
|
|
.It set ifaddr Oo Ar myaddr Ns
|
|
.Op / Ns Ar \&nn
|
|
.Oo Ar hisaddr Ns Op / Ns Ar \&nn
|
|
.Oo Ar netmask
|
|
.Op Ar triggeraddr
|
|
.Oc Oc
|
|
.Oc
|
|
This command specifies the IP addresses that will be used during
|
|
IPCP negotiation.
|
|
Addresses are specified using the format
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl a.b.c.d/nn
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Where
|
|
.Dq a.b.c.d
|
|
is the preferred IP, but
|
|
.Ar nn
|
|
specifies how many bits of the address we will insist on.
|
|
If
|
|
.No / Ns Ar nn
|
|
is omitted, it defaults to
|
|
.Dq /32
|
|
unless the IP address is 0.0.0.0 in which case it defaults to
|
|
.Dq /0 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you wish to assign a dynamic IP number to the peer,
|
|
.Ar hisaddr
|
|
may also be specified as a range of IP numbers in the format
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
|
|
.Ar \&IP Ns Oo \&- Ns Ar \&IP Ns Xo
|
|
.Oc Ns Oo , Ns Ar \&IP Ns
|
|
.Op \&- Ns Ar \&IP Ns
|
|
.Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
for example:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 10.0.0.1 10.0.1.2-10.0.1.10,10.0.1.20
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will only negotiate
|
|
.Dq 10.0.0.1
|
|
as the local IP number, but may assign any of the given 10 IP
|
|
numbers to the peer.
|
|
If the peer requests one of these numbers,
|
|
and that number is not already in use,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will grant the peers request.
|
|
This is useful if the peer wants
|
|
to re-establish a link using the same IP number as was previously
|
|
allocated (thus maintaining any existing tcp or udp connections).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the peer requests an IP number that's either outside
|
|
of this range or is already in use,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will suggest a random unused IP number from the range.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar triggeraddr
|
|
is specified, it is used in place of
|
|
.Ar myaddr
|
|
in the initial IPCP negotiation.
|
|
However, only an address in the
|
|
.Ar myaddr
|
|
range will be accepted.
|
|
This is useful when negotiating with some
|
|
.Dv PPP
|
|
implementations that will not assign an IP number unless their peer
|
|
requests
|
|
.Dq 0.0.0.0 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It should be noted that in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will configure the interface immediately upon reading the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
line in the config file.
|
|
In any other mode, these values are just
|
|
used for IPCP negotiations, and the interface isn't configured
|
|
until the IPCP layer is up.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that the
|
|
.Ar HISADDR
|
|
argument may be overridden by the third field in the
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret
|
|
file once the client has authenticated itself
|
|
.Pq if PAP or CHAP are Dq enabled .
|
|
Refer to the
|
|
.Sx AUTHENTICATING INCOMING CONNECTIONS
|
|
section for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In all cases, if the interface is already configured,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will try to maintain the interface IP numbers so that any existing
|
|
bound sockets will remain valid.
|
|
.It set ifqueue Ar packets
|
|
Set the maximum number of packets that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will read from the tunnel interface while data cannot be sent to any of
|
|
the available links.
|
|
This queue limit is necessary to flow control outgoing data as the tunnel
|
|
interface is likely to be far faster than the combined links available to
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar packets
|
|
is set to a value less than the number of links,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will read up to that value regardless.
|
|
This prevents any possible latency problems.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default value for
|
|
.Ar packets
|
|
is
|
|
.Dq 30 .
|
|
.It set ccpretry|ccpretries Oo Ar timeout
|
|
.Op Ar reqtries Op Ar trmtries
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.It set chapretry|chapretries Oo Ar timeout
|
|
.Op Ar reqtries
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.It set ipcpretry|ipcpretries Oo Ar timeout
|
|
.Op Ar reqtries Op Ar trmtries
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.It set lcpretry|lcpretries Oo Ar timeout
|
|
.Op Ar reqtries Op Ar trmtries
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.It set papretry|papretries Oo Ar timeout
|
|
.Op Ar reqtries
|
|
.Oc
|
|
These commands set the number of seconds that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will wait before resending Finite State Machine (FSM) Request packets.
|
|
The default
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
for all FSMs is 3 seconds (which should suffice in most cases).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar reqtries
|
|
is specified, it tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
how many configuration request attempts it should make while receiving
|
|
no reply from the peer before giving up.
|
|
The default is 5 attempts for
|
|
CCP, LCP and IPCP and 3 attempts for PAP and CHAP.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar trmtries
|
|
is specified, it tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
how many terminate requests should be sent before giving up waiting for the
|
|
peers response.
|
|
The default is 3 attempts.
|
|
Authentication protocols are
|
|
not terminated and it is therefore invalid to specify
|
|
.Ar trmtries
|
|
for PAP or CHAP.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to avoid negotiations with the peer that will never converge,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will only send at most 3 times the configured number of
|
|
.Ar reqtries
|
|
in any given negotiation session before giving up and closing that layer.
|
|
.It set log Xo
|
|
.Op local
|
|
.Op +|- Ns
|
|
.Ar value Ns No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command allows the adjustment of the current log level.
|
|
Refer to the Logging Facility section for further details.
|
|
.It set login Ar chat-script
|
|
This
|
|
.Ar chat-script
|
|
compliments the dial-script.
|
|
If both are specified, the login
|
|
script will be executed after the dial script.
|
|
Escape sequences available in the dial script are also available here.
|
|
.It set logout Ar chat-script
|
|
This specifies the chat script that will be used to logout
|
|
before the hangup script is called.
|
|
It should not normally be necessary.
|
|
.It set lqrperiod Ar frequency
|
|
This command sets the
|
|
.Ar frequency
|
|
in seconds at which
|
|
.Em LQR
|
|
or
|
|
.Em ECHO LQR
|
|
packets are sent.
|
|
The default is 30 seconds.
|
|
You must also use the
|
|
.Dq enable lqr
|
|
command if you wish to send LQR requests to the peer.
|
|
.It set mode Ar interactive|auto|ddial|background
|
|
This command allows you to change the
|
|
.Sq mode
|
|
of the specified link.
|
|
This is normally only useful in multi-link mode,
|
|
but may also be used in uni-link mode.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is not possible to change a link that is
|
|
.Sq direct
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq dedicated .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note: If you issue the command
|
|
.Dq set mode auto ,
|
|
and have network address translation enabled, it may be useful to
|
|
.Dq enable iface-alias
|
|
afterwards.
|
|
This will allow
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to do the necessary address translations to enable the process that
|
|
triggers the connection to connect once the link is up despite the
|
|
peer assigning us a new (dynamic) IP address.
|
|
.It set mppe Op 40|56|128|* Op stateless|stateful|*
|
|
This option selects the encryption parameters used when negotiation
|
|
MPPE.
|
|
MPPE can be disabled entirely with the
|
|
.Dq disable mppe
|
|
command.
|
|
If no arguments are given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to negotiate a stateful link with a 128 bit key, but
|
|
will agree to whatever the peer requests (including no encryption
|
|
at all).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If any arguments are given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will
|
|
.Em insist
|
|
on using MPPE and will close the link if it's rejected by the peer.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first argument specifies the number of bits that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
should insist on during negotiations and the second specifies whether
|
|
.Nm
|
|
should insist on stateful or stateless mode.
|
|
In stateless mode, the
|
|
encryption dictionary is re-initialised with every packet according to
|
|
an encryption key that is changed with every packet.
|
|
In stateful mode,
|
|
the encryption dictionary is re-initialised every 256 packets or after
|
|
the loss of any data and the key is changed every 256 packets.
|
|
Stateless mode is less efficient but is better for unreliable transport
|
|
layers.
|
|
.It set mrru Op Ar value
|
|
Setting this option enables Multi-link PPP negotiations, also known as
|
|
Multi-link Protocol or MP.
|
|
There is no default MRRU (Maximum Reconstructed Receive Unit) value.
|
|
If no argument is given, multi-link mode is disabled.
|
|
.It set mru Xo
|
|
.Op max Ns Op imum
|
|
.Op Ar value
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The default MRU (Maximum Receive Unit) is 1500.
|
|
If it is increased, the other side *may* increase its MTU.
|
|
In theory there is no point in decreasing the MRU to below the default as the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
protocol says implementations *must* be able to accept packets of at
|
|
least 1500 octets.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq maximum
|
|
keyword is used,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will refuse to negotiate a higher value.
|
|
The maximum MRU can be set to 2048 at most.
|
|
Setting a maximum of less than 1500 violates the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
rfc, but may sometimes be necessary.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Em PPPoE
|
|
imposes a maximum of 1492 due to hardware limitations.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If no argument is given, 1500 is assumed.
|
|
A value must be given when
|
|
.Dq maximum
|
|
is specified.
|
|
.It set mtu Xo
|
|
.Op max Ns Op imum
|
|
.Op Ar value
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The default MTU is 1500.
|
|
At negotiation time,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will accept whatever MRU the peer requests (assuming it's
|
|
not less than 296 bytes or greater than the assigned maximum).
|
|
If the MTU is set,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not accept MRU values less than
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
When negotiations are complete, the MTU is used when writing to the
|
|
interface, even if the peer requested a higher value MRU.
|
|
This can be useful for
|
|
limiting your packet size (giving better bandwidth sharing at the expense
|
|
of more header data).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq maximum
|
|
keyword is used,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will refuse to negotiate a higher value.
|
|
The maximum MTU can be set to 2048 at most.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If no
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is given, 1500, or whatever the peer asks for is used.
|
|
A value must be given when
|
|
.Dq maximum
|
|
is specified.
|
|
.It set nbns Op Ar x.x.x.x Op Ar y.y.y.y
|
|
This option allows the setting of the Microsoft NetBIOS name server
|
|
values to be returned at the peers request.
|
|
If no values are given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will reject any such requests.
|
|
.It set openmode active|passive Op Ar delay
|
|
By default,
|
|
.Ar openmode
|
|
is always
|
|
.Ar active
|
|
with a one second
|
|
.Ar delay .
|
|
That is,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will always initiate LCP/IPCP/CCP negotiation one second after the line
|
|
comes up.
|
|
If you want to wait for the peer to initiate negotiations, you
|
|
can use the value
|
|
.Ar passive .
|
|
If you want to initiate negotiations immediately or after more than one
|
|
second, the appropriate
|
|
.Ar delay
|
|
may be specified here in seconds.
|
|
.It set parity odd|even|none|mark
|
|
This allows the line parity to be set.
|
|
The default value is
|
|
.Ar none .
|
|
.It set phone Ar telno Ns Xo
|
|
.Oo \&| Ns Ar backupnumber
|
|
.Oc Ns ... Ns Oo : Ns Ar nextnumber
|
|
.Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This allows the specification of the phone number to be used in
|
|
place of the \\\\T string in the dial and login chat scripts.
|
|
Multiple phone numbers may be given separated either by a pipe
|
|
.Pq Dq \&|
|
|
or a colon
|
|
.Pq Dq \&: .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Numbers after the pipe are only dialed if the dial or login
|
|
script for the previous number failed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Numbers after the colon are tried sequentially, irrespective of
|
|
the reason the line was dropped.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If multiple numbers are given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will dial them according to these rules until a connection is made, retrying
|
|
the maximum number of times specified by
|
|
.Dq set redial
|
|
below.
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
mode, each number is attempted at most once.
|
|
.It set Op proc Ns Xo
|
|
.No title Op Ar value
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The current process title as displayed by
|
|
.Xr ps 1
|
|
is changed according to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is not specified, the original process title is restored.
|
|
All the
|
|
word replacements done by the shell commands (see the
|
|
.Dq bg
|
|
command above) are done here too.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note, if USER is required in the process title, the
|
|
.Dq set proctitle
|
|
command must appear in
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup ,
|
|
as it is not known when the commands in
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
are executed.
|
|
.It set radius Op Ar config-file
|
|
This command enables RADIUS support (if it's compiled in).
|
|
.Ar config-file
|
|
refers to the radius client configuration file as described in
|
|
.Xr radius.conf 5 .
|
|
If PAP or CHAP are
|
|
.Dq enable Ns No d ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
behaves as a
|
|
.Em \&N Ns No etwork
|
|
.Em \&A Ns No ccess
|
|
.Em \&S Ns No erver
|
|
and uses the configured RADIUS server to authenticate rather than
|
|
authenticating from the
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret
|
|
file or from the passwd database.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If neither PAP or CHAP are enabled,
|
|
.Dq set radius
|
|
will do nothing.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses the following attributes from the RADIUS reply:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width XXX -offset XXX
|
|
.It RAD_FRAMED_IP_ADDRESS
|
|
The peer IP address is set to the given value.
|
|
.It RAD_FRAMED_IP_NETMASK
|
|
The tun interface netmask is set to the given value.
|
|
.It RAD_FRAMED_MTU
|
|
If the given MTU is less than the peers MRU as agreed during LCP
|
|
negotiation, *and* it is less that any configured MTU (see the
|
|
.Dq set mru
|
|
command), the tun interface MTU is set to the given value.
|
|
.It RAD_FRAMED_COMPRESSION
|
|
If the received compression type is
|
|
.Dq 1 ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will request VJ compression during IPCP negotiations despite any
|
|
.Dq disable vj
|
|
configuration command.
|
|
.It RAD_FRAMED_ROUTE
|
|
The received string is expected to be in the format
|
|
.Ar dest Ns Op / Ns Ar bits
|
|
.Ar gw
|
|
.Op Ar metrics .
|
|
Any specified metrics are ignored.
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
are understood as valid values for
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar gw ,
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
can be used for
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
to sepcify the default route, and
|
|
.Dq 0.0.0.0
|
|
is understood to be the same as
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
for
|
|
.Ar dest
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
for
|
|
.Ar gw .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For example, a returned value of
|
|
.Dq 1.2.3.4/24 0.0.0.0 1 2 -1 3 400
|
|
would result in a routing table entry to the 1.2.3.0/24 network via
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
and a returned value of
|
|
.Dq 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq default HISADDR
|
|
would result in a default route to
|
|
.Dv HISADDR .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All RADIUS routes are applied after any sticky routes are applied, making
|
|
RADIUS routes override configured routes.
|
|
This also applies for RADIUS routes that don't include the
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
or
|
|
.Dv HISADDR
|
|
keywords.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.El
|
|
Values received from the RADIUS server may be viewed using
|
|
.Dq show bundle .
|
|
.It set reconnect Ar timeout ntries
|
|
Should the line drop unexpectedly (due to loss of CD or LQR
|
|
failure), a connection will be re-established after the given
|
|
.Ar timeout .
|
|
The line will be re-connected at most
|
|
.Ar ntries
|
|
times.
|
|
.Ar Ntries
|
|
defaults to zero.
|
|
A value of
|
|
.Ar random
|
|
for
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
will result in a variable pause, somewhere between 1 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.It set recvpipe Op Ar value
|
|
This sets the routing table RECVPIPE value.
|
|
The optimum value is just over twice the MTU value.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is unspecified or zero, the default kernel controlled value is used.
|
|
.It set redial Ar secs Ns Xo
|
|
.Oo + Ns Ar inc Ns
|
|
.Op - Ns Ar max Ns
|
|
.Oc Ns Op . Ns Ar next
|
|
.Op Ar attempts
|
|
.Xc
|
|
.Nm
|
|
can be instructed to attempt to redial
|
|
.Ar attempts
|
|
times.
|
|
If more than one phone number is specified (see
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
above), a pause of
|
|
.Ar next
|
|
is taken before dialing each number.
|
|
A pause of
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
is taken before starting at the first number again.
|
|
A literal value of
|
|
.Dq Li random
|
|
may be used here in place of
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar next ,
|
|
causing a random delay of between 1 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar inc
|
|
is specified, its value is added onto
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
each time
|
|
.Nm
|
|
tries a new number.
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
will only be incremented at most
|
|
.Ar max
|
|
times.
|
|
.Ar max
|
|
defaults to 10.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note, the
|
|
.Ar secs
|
|
delay will be effective, even after
|
|
.Ar attempts
|
|
has been exceeded, so an immediate manual dial may appear to have
|
|
done nothing.
|
|
If an immediate dial is required, a
|
|
.Dq !\&
|
|
should immediately follow the
|
|
.Dq open
|
|
keyword.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Dq open
|
|
description above for further details.
|
|
.It set sendpipe Op Ar value
|
|
This sets the routing table SENDPIPE value.
|
|
The optimum value is just over twice the MTU value.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar value
|
|
is unspecified or zero, the default kernel controlled value is used.
|
|
.It "set server|socket" Ar TcpPort Ns No \&| Ns Xo
|
|
.Ar LocalName Ns No |none|open|closed
|
|
.Op password Op Ar mask
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to listen on the given socket or
|
|
.Sq diagnostic port
|
|
for incoming command connections.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The word
|
|
.Dq none
|
|
instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to close any existing socket and clear the socket configuration.
|
|
The word
|
|
.Dq open
|
|
instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to attempt to re-open the port.
|
|
The word
|
|
.Dq closed
|
|
instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to close the open port.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you wish to specify a local domain socket,
|
|
.Ar LocalName
|
|
must be specified as an absolute file name, otherwise it is assumed
|
|
to be the name or number of a TCP port.
|
|
You may specify the octal umask to be used with a local domain socket.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Xr umask 2
|
|
for umask details.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Xr services 5
|
|
for details of how to translate TCP port names.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You must also specify the password that must be entered by the client
|
|
(using the
|
|
.Dq passwd
|
|
variable above) when connecting to this socket.
|
|
If the password is
|
|
specified as an empty string, no password is required for connecting clients.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When specifying a local domain socket, the first
|
|
.Dq %d
|
|
sequence found in the socket name will be replaced with the current
|
|
interface unit number.
|
|
This is useful when you wish to use the same
|
|
profile for more than one connection.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In a similar manner TCP sockets may be prefixed with the
|
|
.Dq +
|
|
character, in which case the current interface unit number is added to
|
|
the port number.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When using
|
|
.Nm
|
|
with a server socket, the
|
|
.Xr pppctl 8
|
|
command is the preferred mechanism of communications.
|
|
Currently,
|
|
.Xr telnet 1
|
|
can also be used, but link encryption may be implemented in the future, so
|
|
.Xr telnet 1
|
|
should be avoided.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note;
|
|
.Dv SIGUSR1
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv SIGUSR2
|
|
interact with the diagnostic socket.
|
|
.It set speed Ar value
|
|
This sets the speed of the serial device.
|
|
If speed is specified as
|
|
.Dq sync ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
treats the device as a synchronous device.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Certain device types will know whether they should be specified as
|
|
synchronous or asynchronous.
|
|
These devices will override incorrect
|
|
settings and log a warning to this effect.
|
|
.It set stopped Op Ar LCPseconds Op Ar CCPseconds
|
|
If this option is set,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will time out after the given FSM (Finite State Machine) has been in
|
|
the stopped state for the given number of
|
|
.Dq seconds .
|
|
This option may be useful if the peer sends a terminate request,
|
|
but never actually closes the connection despite our sending a terminate
|
|
acknowledgement.
|
|
This is also useful if you wish to
|
|
.Dq set openmode passive
|
|
and time out if the peer doesn't send a Configure Request within the
|
|
given time.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set log +lcp +ccp
|
|
to make
|
|
.Nm
|
|
log the appropriate state transitions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default value is zero, where
|
|
.Nm
|
|
doesn't time out in the stopped state.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This value should not be set to less than the openmode delay (see
|
|
.Dq set openmode
|
|
above).
|
|
.It set timeout Ar idleseconds Op Ar mintimeout
|
|
This command allows the setting of the idle timer.
|
|
Refer to the section titled
|
|
.Sx SETTING THE IDLE TIMER
|
|
for further details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar mintimeout
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will never idle out before the link has been up for at least that number
|
|
of seconds.
|
|
.It set urgent Xo
|
|
.Op tcp|udp|none
|
|
.Oo Op +|- Ns
|
|
.Ar port
|
|
.Oc No ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command controls the ports that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
prioritizes when transmitting data.
|
|
The default priority TCP ports
|
|
are ports 21 (ftp control), 22 (ssh), 23 (telnet), 513 (login), 514 (shell),
|
|
543 (klogin) and 544 (kshell).
|
|
There are no priority UDP ports by default.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr services 5
|
|
for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If neither
|
|
.Dq tcp
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq udp
|
|
are specified,
|
|
.Dq tcp
|
|
is assumed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If no
|
|
.Ar port Ns No s
|
|
are given, the priority port lists are cleared (although if
|
|
.Dq tcp
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq udp
|
|
is specified, only that list is cleared).
|
|
If the first
|
|
.Ar port
|
|
argument is prefixed with a plus
|
|
.Pq Dq \&+
|
|
or a minus
|
|
.Pq Dq \&- ,
|
|
the current list is adjusted, otherwise the list is reassigned.
|
|
.Ar port Ns No s
|
|
prefixed with a plus or not prefixed at all are added to the list and
|
|
.Ar port Ns No s
|
|
prefixed with a minus are removed from the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq none
|
|
is specified, all priority port lists are disabled and even
|
|
.Dv IPTOS_LOWDELAY
|
|
packets are not prioritised.
|
|
.It set vj slotcomp on|off
|
|
This command tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
whether it should attempt to negotiate VJ slot compression.
|
|
By default, slot compression is turned
|
|
.Ar on .
|
|
.It set vj slots Ar nslots
|
|
This command sets the initial number of slots that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will try to negotiate with the peer when VJ compression is enabled (see the
|
|
.Sq enable
|
|
command above).
|
|
It defaults to a value of 16.
|
|
.Ar Nslots
|
|
must be between
|
|
.Ar 4
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar 16
|
|
inclusive.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It shell|! Op Ar command
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is not specified a shell is invoked according to the
|
|
.Dv SHELL
|
|
environment variable.
|
|
Otherwise, the given
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
is executed.
|
|
Word replacement is done in the same way as for the
|
|
.Dq !bg
|
|
command as described above.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Use of the ! character
|
|
requires a following space as with any of the other commands.
|
|
You should note that this command is executed in the foreground;
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will not continue running until this process has exited.
|
|
Use the
|
|
.Dv bg
|
|
command if you wish processing to happen in the background.
|
|
.It show Ar var
|
|
This command allows the user to examine the following:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It show bundle
|
|
Show the current bundle settings.
|
|
.It show ccp
|
|
Show the current CCP compression statistics.
|
|
.It show compress
|
|
Show the current VJ compression statistics.
|
|
.It show escape
|
|
Show the current escape characters.
|
|
.It show filter Op Ar name
|
|
List the current rules for the given filter.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
is not specified, all filters are shown.
|
|
.It show hdlc
|
|
Show the current HDLC statistics.
|
|
.It show help|?
|
|
Give a summary of available show commands.
|
|
.It show iface
|
|
Show the current interface information
|
|
.Pq the same \&as Dq iface show .
|
|
.It show ipcp
|
|
Show the current IPCP statistics.
|
|
.It show layers
|
|
Show the protocol layers currently in use.
|
|
.It show lcp
|
|
Show the current LCP statistics.
|
|
.It show Op data Ns Xo
|
|
.No link
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Show high level link information.
|
|
.It show links
|
|
Show a list of available logical links.
|
|
.It show log
|
|
Show the current log values.
|
|
.It show mem
|
|
Show current memory statistics.
|
|
.It show physical
|
|
Show low level link information.
|
|
.It show mp
|
|
Show Multi-link information.
|
|
.It show proto
|
|
Show current protocol totals.
|
|
.It show route
|
|
Show the current routing tables.
|
|
.It show stopped
|
|
Show the current stopped timeouts.
|
|
.It show timer
|
|
Show the active alarm timers.
|
|
.It show version
|
|
Show the current version number of
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.It term
|
|
Go into terminal mode.
|
|
Characters typed at the keyboard are sent to the device.
|
|
Characters read from the device are displayed on the screen.
|
|
When a remote
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
peer is detected,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
automatically enables Packet Mode and goes back into command mode.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh MORE DETAILS
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Read the example configuration files.
|
|
They are a good source of information.
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq help ,
|
|
.Dq nat \&? ,
|
|
.Dq enable \&? ,
|
|
.Dq set ?\&
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq show ?\&
|
|
to get online information about what's available.
|
|
.It
|
|
The following URLs contain useful information:
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
http://www.FreeBSD.org/FAQ/userppp.html
|
|
.It
|
|
http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/userppp.html
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Nm
|
|
refers to four files:
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf ,
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup ,
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkdown
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret .
|
|
These files are placed in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp
|
|
directory.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n
|
|
.It Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
System default configuration file.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
An authorisation file for each system.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
A file to check when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
establishes a network level connection.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkdown
|
|
A file to check when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
closes a network level connection.
|
|
.It Pa /var/log/ppp.log
|
|
Logging and debugging information file.
|
|
Note, this name is specified in
|
|
.Pa /etc/syslogd.conf .
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr syslog.conf 5
|
|
for further details.
|
|
.It Pa /var/spool/lock/LCK..*
|
|
tty port locking file.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Xr uucplock 3
|
|
for further details.
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/tunN.pid
|
|
The process id (pid) of the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program connected to the tunN device, where
|
|
.Sq N
|
|
is the number of the device.
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/ttyXX.if
|
|
The tun interface used by this port.
|
|
Again, this file is only created in
|
|
.Fl background ,
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
modes.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/services
|
|
Get port number if port number is using service name.
|
|
.It Pa /var/run/ppp-authname-class-value
|
|
In multi-link mode, local domain sockets are created using the peer
|
|
authentication name
|
|
.Pq Sq authname ,
|
|
the peer endpoint discriminator class
|
|
.Pq Sq class
|
|
and the peer endpoint discriminator value
|
|
.Pq Sq value .
|
|
As the endpoint discriminator value may be a binary value, it is turned
|
|
to HEX to determine the actual file name.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This socket is used to pass links between different instances of
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr at 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ftp 1 ,
|
|
.Xr gzip 1 ,
|
|
.Xr hostname 1 ,
|
|
.Xr login 1 ,
|
|
.Xr tcpdump 1 ,
|
|
.Xr telnet 1 ,
|
|
.Xr kldload 2 ,
|
|
.Xr libalias 3 ,
|
|
.Xr syslog 3 ,
|
|
.Xr uucplock 3 ,
|
|
.Xr netgraph 4 ,
|
|
.Xr ng_pppoe 4 ,
|
|
.Xr crontab 5 ,
|
|
.Xr group 5 ,
|
|
.Xr passwd 5 ,
|
|
.Xr protocols 5 ,
|
|
.Xr radius.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr resolv.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr syslog.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr adduser 8 ,
|
|
.Xr chat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr getty 8 ,
|
|
.Xr inetd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr init 8 ,
|
|
.Xr isdn 8 ,
|
|
.Xr named 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ping 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pppctl 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pppd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pppoe 8 ,
|
|
.Xr route 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sshd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr syslogd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr traceroute 8 ,
|
|
.Xr vipw 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
This program was originally written by
|
|
.An Toshiharu OHNO Aq tony-o@iij.ad.jp ,
|
|
and was submitted to
|
|
.Fx 2.0.5
|
|
by
|
|
.An Atsushi Murai Aq amurai@spec.co.jp .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It was substantially modified during 1997 by
|
|
.An Brian Somers Aq brian@Awfulhak.org ,
|
|
and was ported to
|
|
.Ox
|
|
in November that year
|
|
(just after the 2.2 release).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Most of the code was rewritten by
|
|
.An Brian Somers
|
|
in early 1998 when multi-link ppp support was added.
|