724 lines
16 KiB
Groff
724 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\" $KAME: setkey.8,v 1.89 2003/09/07 22:17:41 itojun Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 WIDE Project.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 8, 2006
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.Dt SETKEY 8
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.Os
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.\"
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm setkey
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.Nd "manually manipulate the IPsec SA/SP database"
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.\"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl v
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.Fl c
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.Nm
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.Op Fl v
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.Fl f Ar filename
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.Nm
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.Op Fl aPlv
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.Fl D
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Pv
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.Fl F
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.Nm
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.Op Fl h
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.Fl x
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.\"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
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Security Association Database (SAD) entries
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as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility takes a series of operations from the standard input
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(if invoked with
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.Fl c )
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or the file named
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.Ar filename
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(if invoked with
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.Fl f Ar filename ) .
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl D
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Dump the SAD entries.
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If with
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.Fl P ,
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the SPD entries are dumped.
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.It Fl F
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Flush the SAD entries.
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If with
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.Fl P ,
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the SPD entries are flushed.
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.It Fl a
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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usually does not display dead SAD entries with
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.Fl D .
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If with
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.Fl a ,
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the dead SAD entries will be displayed as well.
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A dead SAD entry means that
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it has been expired but remains in the system
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because it is referenced by some SPD entries.
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.It Fl h
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Add hexadecimal dump on
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.Fl x
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mode.
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.It Fl l
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Loop forever with short output on
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.Fl D .
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.It Fl v
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Be verbose.
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The program will dump messages exchanged on
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.Dv PF_KEY
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socket, including messages sent from other processes to the kernel.
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.It Fl x
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Loop forever and dump all the messages transmitted to
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.Dv PF_KEY
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socket.
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.Fl xx
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makes each timestamps unformatted.
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.El
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.Ss Configuration syntax
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With
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.Fl c
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or
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.Fl f
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on the command line,
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.Nm
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accepts the following configuration syntax.
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Lines starting with hash signs
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.Pq Ql #
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are treated as comment lines.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Xo
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.Li add
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Op Ar extensions
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.Ar algorithm ...
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Add an SAD entry.
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.Li add
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can fail with multiple reasons,
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including when the key length does not match the specified algorithm.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li get
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Show an SAD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li delete
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Remove an SAD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li deleteall
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Remove all SAD entries that match the specification.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li flush
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.Op Ar protocol
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Clear all SAD entries matched by the options.
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.Fl F
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li dump
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.Op Ar protocol
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Dumps all SAD entries matched by the options.
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.Fl D
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spdadd
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Ar policy
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Add an SPD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spddelete
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Fl P Ar direction
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Delete an SPD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spdflush
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Clear all SPD entries.
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.Fl FP
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spddump
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.Li ;
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.Xc
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Dumps all SPD entries.
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.Fl DP
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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Meta-arguments are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -compact -width indent
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.It Ar src
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.It Ar dst
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Source/destination of the secure communication is specified as
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IPv4/v6 address.
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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can resolve a FQDN into numeric addresses.
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If the FQDN resolves into multiple addresses,
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.Nm
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will install multiple SAD/SPD entries into the kernel
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by trying all possible combinations.
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.Fl 4 ,
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.Fl 6
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and
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.Fl n
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restricts the address resolution of FQDN in certain ways.
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.Fl 4
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and
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.Fl 6
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restrict results into IPv4/v6 addresses only, respectively.
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.Fl n
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avoids FQDN resolution and requires addresses to be numeric addresses.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar protocol
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.Ar protocol
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is one of following:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li esp
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ESP based on rfc2406
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.It Li esp-old
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ESP based on rfc1827
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.It Li ah
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AH based on rfc2402
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.It Li ah-old
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AH based on rfc1826
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.It Li ipcomp
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IPComp
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.It Li tcp
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TCP-MD5 based on rfc2385
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar spi
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Security Parameter Index
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(SPI)
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for the SAD and the SPD.
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.Ar spi
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must be a decimal number, or a hexadecimal number with
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.Ql 0x
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prefix.
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SPI values between 0 and 255 are reserved for future use by IANA
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and they cannot be used.
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TCP-MD5 associations must use 0x1000 and therefore only have per-host
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granularity at this time.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar extensions
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take some of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.\"
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.It Fl m Ar mode
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Specify a security protocol mode for use.
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.Ar mode
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is one of following:
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.Li transport , tunnel
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or
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.Li any .
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The default value is
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.Li any .
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.\"
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.It Fl r Ar size
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Specify window size of bytes for replay prevention.
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.Ar size
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must be decimal number in 32-bit word.
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If
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.Ar size
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is zero or not specified, replay check does not take place.
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.\"
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.It Fl u Ar id
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Specify the identifier of the policy entry in SPD.
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See
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.Ar policy .
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.\"
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.It Fl f Ar pad_option
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defines the content of the ESP padding.
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.Ar pad_option
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is one of following:
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.Bl -tag -width random-pad -compact
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.It Li zero-pad
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All of the padding are zero.
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.It Li random-pad
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A series of randomized values are set.
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.It Li seq-pad
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A series of sequential increasing numbers started from 1 are set.
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.El
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.\"
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.It Fl f Li nocyclic-seq
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Do not allow cyclic sequence number.
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.\"
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.It Fl lh Ar time
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.It Fl ls Ar time
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Specify hard/soft life time duration of the SA.
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar algorithm
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
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Specify an encryption algorithm
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.Ar ealgo
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for ESP.
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.It Xo
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.Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
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.Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
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.Xc
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Specify a encryption algorithm
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.Ar ealgo ,
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as well as a payload authentication algorithm
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.Ar aalgo ,
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for ESP.
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.It Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
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Specify an authentication algorithm for AH.
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.It Fl C Ar calgo Op Fl R
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Specify a compression algorithm for IPComp.
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If
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.Fl R
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is specified, the
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.Ar spi
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field value will be used as the IPComp CPI
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(compression parameter index)
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on wire as is.
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If
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.Fl R
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is not specified,
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the kernel will use well-known CPI on wire, and
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.Ar spi
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field will be used only as an index for kernel internal usage.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Ar key
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must be double-quoted character string, or a series of hexadecimal digits
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preceded by
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.Ql 0x .
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.Pp
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Possible values for
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.Ar ealgo ,
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.Ar aalgo
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and
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.Ar calgo
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are specified in separate section.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar src_range
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.It Ar dst_range
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These are selections of the secure communication specified as
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IPv4/v6 address or IPv4/v6 address range, and it may accompany
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TCP/UDP port specification.
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This takes the following form:
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ar address
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.Ar address/prefixlen
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.Ar address[port]
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.Ar address/prefixlen[port]
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ar prefixlen
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and
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.Ar port
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must be a decimal number.
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The square brackets around
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.Ar port
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are necessary and are not manpage metacharacters.
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For FQDN resolution, the rules applicable to
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.Ar src
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and
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.Ar dst
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apply here as well.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar upperspec
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The upper layer protocol to be used.
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You can use one of the words in
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.Pa /etc/protocols
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as
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.Ar upperspec ,
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as well as
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.Li icmp6 ,
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.Li ip4 ,
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or
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.Li any .
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.Li Any
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stands for
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.Dq any protocol .
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The protocol number may also be used to specify the
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.Ar upperspec .
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A type and code related to ICMPv6 may also be specified as an
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.Ar upperspec .
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The type is specified first, followed by a comma and then the relevant
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code.
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The specification must be placed after
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.Li icmp6 .
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The kernel considers a zero to be a wildcard but
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cannot distinguish between a wildcard and an ICMPv6
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type which is zero.
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The following example shows a policy where IPSec is not required for
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inbound Neighbor Solicitations:
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.Pp
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.Dl "spdadd ::/0 ::/0 icmp6 135,0 -P in none;"
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.Pp
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NOTE:
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.Ar upperspec
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does not work in the forwarding case at this moment,
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as it requires extra reassembly at forwarding node,
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which is not implemented at this moment.
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Although there are many protocols in
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.Pa /etc/protocols ,
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protocols other than TCP, UDP and ICMP may not be suitable to use with IPsec.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar policy
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.Ar policy
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is expressed in one of the following three formats:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.It Fl P Ar direction Li discard
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.It Fl P Ar direction Li none
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.It Xo Fl P Ar direction Li ipsec
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.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level Op ...
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.Xc
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The direction of a policy must be specified as
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one of:
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.Li out ,
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.Li in ,
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.Li discard
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.Li none ,
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or
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.Li ipsec .
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|
.Li Discard
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means that packets matching the supplied indices will be discarded
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while
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.Li none
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means that IPsec operations will not take place on the packet and
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.Li ipsec
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|
means that IPsec operation will take place onto the packet.
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|
The
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.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level
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statement gives the rule for how to process the packet.
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.Ar Protocol is specified as
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.Li ah ,
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.Li esp
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or
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.Li ipcomp
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The
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.Ar mode
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is either
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.Li transport
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or
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.Li tunnel .
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If
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.Ar mode
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is
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.Li tunnel ,
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|
you must specify the end-point addresses of the SA as
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.Ar src
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and
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.Ar dst
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|
with a dash,
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|
.Sq - ,
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|
between the addresses.
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|
If
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.Ar mode
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|
is
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|
.Li transport ,
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|
both
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|
.Ar src
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|
and
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|
.Ar dst
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|
can be omitted.
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|
The
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|
.Ar level
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|
is one of the following:
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|
.Li default , use , require
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|
or
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|
.Li unique .
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|
If the SA is not available in every level, the kernel will request
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|
the SA from the key exchange daemon.
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|
A value of
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|
.Li default
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|
tells the kernel to use the system wide default protocol
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|
e.g. the one from the
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|
.Li esp_trans_deflev
|
|
sysctl variable, when the kernel processes the packet.
|
|
.Li Use
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|
means that the kernel will use an SA if it is available,
|
|
otherwise the kernel will pass the packet as it would normally.
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|
.Li Require
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|
means that an SA is required whenever the kernel sends a packet matched
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|
that matches the policy.
|
|
The
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|
.Li unique
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|
level is the same as
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|
.Li require
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|
but, in addition, it allows the policy to bind with the unique out-bound SA.
|
|
For example, if you specify the policy level
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|
.Li unique ,
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|
.Xr racoon 8
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|
will configure the SA for the policy.
|
|
If you configure the SA by manual keying for that policy,
|
|
you can put the decimal number as the policy identifier after
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|
.Li unique
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|
separated by colon
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|
.Ql :\&
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|
as in the following example:
|
|
.Li unique:number .
|
|
In order to bind this policy to the SA,
|
|
.Li number
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|
must be between 1 and 32767,
|
|
which corresponds to
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|
.Ar extensions Fl u
|
|
of manual SA configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When you want to use an SA bundle, you can define multiple rules. For
|
|
example, if an IP header was followed by an AH header followed by an
|
|
ESP header followed by an upper layer protocol header, the rule would
|
|
be:
|
|
.Dl esp/transport//require ah/transport//require ;
|
|
The rule order is very important.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Dq Li discard
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li none
|
|
are not in the syntax described in
|
|
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 .
|
|
There are small, but important, differences in the syntax.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3
|
|
for details.
|
|
.Pp
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|
.El
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|
.Pp
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh ALGORITHMS
|
|
The following list shows the supported algorithms.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy protocol
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy algorithm
|
|
are almost completely orthogonal.
|
|
The following list of authentication algorithms can be used as
|
|
.Ar aalgo
|
|
in the
|
|
.Fl A Ar aalgo
|
|
of the
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
parameter:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
algorithm keylen (bits) comment
|
|
hmac-md5 128 ah: rfc2403
|
|
128 ah-old: rfc2085
|
|
hmac-sha1 160 ah: rfc2404
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|
160 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
keyed-md5 128 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
|
|
128 ah-old: rfc1828
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|
keyed-sha1 160 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
|
|
160 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
null 0 to 2048 for debugging
|
|
hmac-sha2-256 256 ah: 96bit ICV
|
|
(draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00)
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256 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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hmac-sha2-384 384 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
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384 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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hmac-sha2-512 512 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
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512 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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hmac-ripemd160 160 ah: 96bit ICV (RFC2857)
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ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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aes-xcbc-mac 128 ah: 96bit ICV (RFC3566)
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128 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
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tcp-md5 8 to 640 tcp: rfc2385
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The following is the list of encryption algorithms that can be used as the
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.Ar ealgo
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in the
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.Fl E Ar ealgo
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of the
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.Ar protocol
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parameter:
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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algorithm keylen (bits) comment
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des-cbc 64 esp-old: rfc1829, esp: rfc2405
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3des-cbc 192 rfc2451
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null 0 to 2048 rfc2410
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blowfish-cbc 40 to 448 rfc2451
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cast128-cbc 40 to 128 rfc2451
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des-deriv 64 ipsec-ciph-des-derived-01
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3des-deriv 192 no document
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rijndael-cbc 128/192/256 rfc3602
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aes-ctr 160/224/288 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-aes-ctr-03
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Note that the first 128/192/256 bits of a key for
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.Li aes-ctr
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will be used as AES key, and remaining 32 bits will be used as nonce.
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.Pp
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The following are the list of compression algorithms that can be used
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as the
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.Ar calgo
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in the
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.Fl C Ar calgo
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of the
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.Ar protocol
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parameter:
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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algorithm comment
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deflate rfc2394
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.Ed
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.\"
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.\"
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Add an ESP SA between two IPv6 addresses using the
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des-cbc encryption algorithm.
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.Bd -literal -offset
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add 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 esp 123457
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-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff ;
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.Ed
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.\"
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Add an authentication SA between two FQDN specified hosts:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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add -6 myhost.example.com yourhost.example.com ah 123456
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-A hmac-sha1 "AH SA configuration!" ;
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.Ed
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Use both ESP and AH between two numerically specified hosts:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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add 10.0.11.41 10.0.11.33 esp 0x10001
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-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff
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-A hmac-md5 "authentication!!" ;
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.Ed
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Get the SA information assocaited with first example above:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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get 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456 ;
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.Ed
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Flush all entries from the database:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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flush ;
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.Ed
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Dump the ESP entries from the database:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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dump esp ;
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.Ed
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Add a security policy between two networks that uses ESP in tunnel mode:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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spdadd 10.0.11.41/32[21] 10.0.11.33/32[any] any
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-P out ipsec esp/tunnel/192.168.0.1-192.168.1.2/require ;
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.Ed
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Use TCP MD5 between two numerically specified hosts:
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.Bd -literal -offset
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add 10.1.10.34 10.1.10.36 tcp 0x1000 -A tcp-md5 "TCP-MD5 BGP secret" ;
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.Ed
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.\"
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 ,
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.Xr racoon 8 ,
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.Xr sysctl 8
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.Rs
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.%T "Changed manual key configuration for IPsec"
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.%O "http://www.kame.net/newsletter/19991007/"
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.%D "October 1999"
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.Re
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.\"
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
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The utility was completely re-designed in June 1998.
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.\"
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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should report and handle syntax errors better.
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.Pp
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For IPsec gateway configuration,
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.Ar src_range
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and
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.Ar dst_range
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with TCP/UDP port number do not work, as the gateway does not reassemble
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packets
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(cannot inspect upper-layer headers).
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