484 lines
13 KiB
Groff
484 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)netstat.1 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 10, 2007
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.Dt NETSTAT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm netstat
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.Nd show network status
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
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data structures.
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There are a number of output formats,
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depending on the options for the information presented.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Op Fl AaLnSW
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.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display a list of active sockets
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(protocol control blocks)
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for each network protocol,
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for a particular
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.Ar protocol_family ,
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or for a single
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.Ar protocol .
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If
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.Fl A
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is also present,
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show the address of a protocol control block (PCB)
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associated with a socket; used for debugging.
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If
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.Fl a
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is also present,
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show the state of all sockets;
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normally sockets used by server processes are not shown.
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If
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.Fl L
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is also present,
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show the size of the various listen queues.
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The first count shows the number of unaccepted connections,
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the second count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connections,
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and the third count is the maximum number of queued connections.
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If
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.Fl S
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is also present,
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show network addresses as numbers (as with
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.Fl n )
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but show ports symbolically.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl i | I Ar interface
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.Op Fl abdhntW
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show the state of all network interfaces or a single
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.Ar interface
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which have been auto-configured
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(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
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located at boot time are not shown).
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An asterisk
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.Pq Dq Li *
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after an interface name indicates that the interface is
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.Dq down .
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If
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.Fl a
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is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
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for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
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Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
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address with which they are associated.
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If
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.Fl b
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is also present, show the number of bytes in and out.
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If
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.Fl d
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is also present, show the number of dropped packets.
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If
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.Fl h
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is also present, print all counters in human readable form.
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If
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.Fl t
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is also present, show the contents of watchdog timers.
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If
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.Fl W
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is also present, print interface names using a wider field size.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl w Ar wait
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.Op Fl I Ar interface
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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At intervals of
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.Ar wait
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seconds,
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display the information regarding packet
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traffic on all configured network interfaces
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or a single
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.Ar interface .
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If
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.Fl d
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is also present, show the number of dropped packets.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl s Op Fl s
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.Op Fl z
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.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display system-wide statistics for each network protocol,
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for a particular
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.Ar protocol_family ,
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or for a single
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.Ar protocol .
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If
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.Fl s
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is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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If
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.Fl z
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is also present, reset statistic counters after displaying them.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
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.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display per-interface statistics for each network protocol,
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for a particular
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.Ar protocol_family ,
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or for a single
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.Ar protocol .
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl m
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
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.Pq Xr mbuf 9 .
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The network manages a private pool of memory buffers.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl B
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.Op Fl I Ar interface
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show statistics about
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.Xr bpf 4
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peers.
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This includes information like
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how many packets have been matched, dropped and received by the
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bpf device, also information about current buffer sizes and device
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states.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl r
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.Op Fl AanW
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display the contents of all routing tables,
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or a routing table for a particular
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.Ar address_family .
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If
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.Fl A
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is also present,
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show the contents of the internal Patricia tree
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structures; used for debugging.
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If
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.Fl a
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is also present,
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show protocol-cloned routes
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(routes generated by an
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.Dv RTF_PRCLONING
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parent route);
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normally these routes are not shown.
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When
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.Fl W
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is also present,
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show the path MTU
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for each route,
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and print interface
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names with a wider
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field size.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl rs
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Display routing statistics.
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If
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.Fl s
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is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl g
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.Op Fl W
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show information related to multicast (group address) routing.
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By default, show the IP Multicast virtual-interface and routing tables,
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and multicast group memberships.
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.It Xo
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.Bk -words
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.Nm
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.Fl gs
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl f Ar address_family
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Ek
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.Xc
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Show multicast routing statistics.
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If
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.Fl s
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is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
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.El
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.Pp
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Some options have the general meaning:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl f Ar address_family , Fl p Ar protocol
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Limit display to those records
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of the specified
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.Ar address_family
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or a single
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.Ar protocol .
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The following address families and protocols are recognized:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH" -compact
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.It Em Family
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.Em Protocols
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.It Cm inet Pq Dv AF_INET
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.Cm divert , icmp , igmp , ip , ipsec , pim, sctp , tcp , udp
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.It Cm inet6 Pq Dv AF_INET6
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.Cm icmp6 , ip6 , ipsec6 , rip6 , tcp , udp
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.It Cm pfkey Pq Dv PF_KEY
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.Cm pfkey
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.It Cm atalk Pq Dv AF_APPLETALK
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.Cm ddp
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.It Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH
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.Cm ctrl , data
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.It Cm ipx Pq Dv AF_IPX
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.Cm ipx , spx
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.\".It Cm ns Pq Dv AF_NS
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.\".Cm idp , ns_err , spp
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.\".It Cm iso Pq Dv AF_ISO
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.\".Cm clnp , cltp , esis , tp
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.It Cm unix Pq Dv AF_UNIX
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.It Cm link Pq Dv AF_LINK
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.El
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.Pp
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The program will complain if
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.Ar protocol
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is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
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.It Fl M
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Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
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instead of the default
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.Pa /dev/kmem .
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.It Fl N
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Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
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which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
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.It Fl n
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Show network addresses and ports as numbers.
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Normally
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.Nm
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attempts to resolve addresses and ports,
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and display them symbolically.
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.It Fl W
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In certain displays, avoid truncating addresses even if this causes
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some fields to overflow.
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.El
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.Pp
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The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
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and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
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and the internal state of the protocol.
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Address formats are of the form
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.Dq host.port
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or
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.Dq network.port
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if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
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When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
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according to the databases
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.Xr hosts 5
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and
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.Xr networks 5 ,
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respectively.
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If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
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the
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.Fl n
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option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
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to the address family.
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For more information regarding
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the Internet IPv4
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.Dq dot format ,
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refer to
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.Xr inet 3 .
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Unspecified,
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or
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.Dq wildcard ,
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addresses and ports appear as
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.Dq Li * .
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.Pp
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The interface display provides a table of cumulative
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statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
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The network addresses of the interface
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and the maximum transmission unit
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.Pq Dq mtu
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are also displayed.
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.Pp
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The routing table display indicates the available routes and their status.
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Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use
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in forwarding packets.
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The flags field shows a collection of information about the route stored
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as binary choices.
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The individual flags are discussed in more detail in the
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.Xr route 8
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and
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.Xr route 4
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manual pages.
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The mapping between letters and flags is:
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.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv RTF_WASCLONED"
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.It Li 1 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO1 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #1"
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.It Li 2 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO2 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #2"
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.It Li 3 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO3 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #3"
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.It Li B Ta Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE Ta "Just discard pkts (during updates)"
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.It Li b Ta Dv RTF_BROADCAST Ta "The route represents a broadcast address"
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.It Li C Ta Dv RTF_CLONING Ta "Generate new routes on use"
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.It Li c Ta Dv RTF_PRCLONING Ta "Protocol-specified generate new routes on use"
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.It Li D Ta Dv RTF_DYNAMIC Ta "Created dynamically (by redirect)"
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.It Li G Ta Dv RTF_GATEWAY Ta "Destination requires forwarding by intermediary"
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.It Li H Ta Dv RTF_HOST Ta "Host entry (net otherwise)"
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.It Li L Ta Dv RTF_LLINFO Ta "Valid protocol to link address translation"
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.It Li M Ta Dv RTF_MODIFIED Ta "Modified dynamically (by redirect)"
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.It Li R Ta Dv RTF_REJECT Ta "Host or net unreachable"
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.It Li S Ta Dv RTF_STATIC Ta "Manually added"
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.It Li U Ta Dv RTF_UP Ta "Route usable"
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.It Li W Ta Dv RTF_WASCLONED Ta "Route was generated as a result of cloning"
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.It Li X Ta Dv RTF_XRESOLVE Ta "External daemon translates proto to link address"
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.El
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.Pp
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Direct routes are created for each
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interface attached to the local host;
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the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
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The refcnt field gives the
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current number of active uses of the route.
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Connection oriented
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protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
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a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
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to the same destination.
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The use field provides a count of the number of packets
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sent using that route.
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The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm
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is invoked with the
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.Fl w
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option and a
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.Ar wait
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interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
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network interfaces.
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An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter
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with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility.
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By default, this display summarizes information for all interfaces.
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Information for a specific interface may be displayed with the
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.Fl I
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option.
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.Pp
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The
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.Xr bpf 4
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flags displayed when
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.Nm
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is invoked with the
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.Fl B
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option represent the underlying parameters of the bpf peer.
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Each flag is
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represented as a single lower case letter.
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The mapping between the letters and flags in order of appearance are:
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.Bl -column ".Li i"
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.It Li p Ta Set if listening promiscuously
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.It Li i Ta Dv BIOCIMMEDIATE No has been set on the device
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.It Li f Ta Dv BIOCGHDRCMPLT No status: source link addresses are being
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filled automatically
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.It Li s Ta Dv BIOCGSEESENT No status: see packets originating locally and
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remotely on the interface.
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.It Li a Ta Packet reception generates a signal
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.It Li l Ta Dv BIOCLOCK No status: descriptor has been locked
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.El
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.Pp
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For more information about these flags, please refer to
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.Xr bpf 4 .
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fstat 1 ,
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.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
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.Xr ps 1 ,
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.Xr sockstat 1 ,
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.Xr bpf 4 ,
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.Xr inet 4 ,
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.Xr route 4 ,
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.Xr unix 4 ,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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.Xr networks 5 ,
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.Xr protocols 5 ,
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.Xr services 5 ,
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.Xr iostat 8 ,
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.Xr route 8 ,
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.Xr trpt 8 ,
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.Xr vmstat 8 ,
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.Xr mbuf 9
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Pp
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IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project.
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.Sh BUGS
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The notion of errors is ill-defined.
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