388 lines
14 KiB
Groff
388 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989
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.\" -
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.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\" -
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.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
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.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
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.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
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.\" specific, written prior permission.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
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.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
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.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
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.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
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.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
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.\" SOFTWARE.
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.\" -
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.\" --Copyright--
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.\"
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.\" @(#)nslookup.8 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
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.\"
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.TH NSLOOKUP 8 "June 24, 1990"
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.UC 6
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.SH NAME
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nslookup \- query Internet name servers interactively
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B nslookup
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[
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.I \-option ...
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]
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[
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.I host-to-find
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| \- [
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.I server
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]]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Nslookup
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is a program to query Internet domain name servers.
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Nslookup has two modes: interactive and non-interactive.
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Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for
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information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts
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in a domain.
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Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information
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for a host or domain.
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.sp 1
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.SH ARGUMENTS
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Interactive mode is entered in the following cases:
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.IP a) 4
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when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used),
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.IP b) 4
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when the first argument is a hyphen (\-) and the second argument
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is the host name or Internet address of a name server.
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.LP
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Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
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of the host to be looked up
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is given as the first argument. The optional second argument specifies
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the host name or address of a name server.
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.LP
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The options listed under the ``set'' command below can be specified in
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the .nslookuprc file in the user's home directory if they are listed
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one per line. Options can also be specified
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on the command line if they precede the arguments and are prefixed with
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a hyphen. For example, to change the default query type to host information,
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and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type:
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.sp .5v
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nslookup \-query=hinfo \-timeout=10
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.sp .5v
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.SH "INTERACTIVE COMMANDS"
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Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C.
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To exit, type a control-D (EOF) or type exit.
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The command line length must be less than 256 characters.
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To treat a built-in command as a host name,
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precede it with an escape character (\e).
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\fBN.B.\fP an unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name.
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.sp .5v
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.IP "\fIhost\fP [\fIserver\fP]"
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Look up information for \fIhost\fP using the current default server
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or using \fIserver\fP if specified.
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If \fIhost\fP is an Internet address and the query type is A or PTR, the
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name of the host is returned.
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If \fIhost\fP is a name and does not have a trailing period, the default
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domain name is appended to the name. (This behavior depends on the state of the
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\fBset\fP options \fBdomain\fP, \fBsrchlist\fP,
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\fBdefname\fP, and \fBsearch\fP).
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To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to
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the name.
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBserver\fP \fIdomain\fP"
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.ns
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.IP "\fBlserver\fP \fIdomain\fP"
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Change the default server to \fIdomain\fP.
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\fBLserver\fP uses the initial server to look up
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information about \fIdomain\fP while \fBserver\fP
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uses the current default server.
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If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers
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that might have the answer are returned.
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.sp 1
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.IP \fBroot\fP
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Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space.
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Currently, the host ns.internic.net is used.
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(This command is a synonym for \fBlserver ns.internic.net.\fP)
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The name of the root server can be changed with the \fBset root\fP command.
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
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.ns
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.IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
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Connects with the finger server on the current host.
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The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host
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was successful and returned address information (see the
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\fBset querytype=A\fP command).
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\fIName\fP is optional.
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\fB>\fP and \fB>>\fP can be used to redirect output in the
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usual manner.
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBls\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIdomain\fR [\fB>\fR \fIfilename\fR]"
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.ns
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.IP "\fBls\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIdomain\fR [\fB>>\fR \fIfilename\fR]"
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List the information available for \fIdomain\fP, optionally creating
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or appending to \fIfilename\fP.
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The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses.
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.I Option
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can be one of the following:
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.RS
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.IP "\fB\-t \fIquerytype\fP" 4
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lists all records of the specified type (see \fIquerytype\fP below).
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.IP \fB\-a\fP 4
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lists aliases of hosts in the domain.
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synonym for \fB\-t\ \ CNAME\fP.
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.IP \fB\-d\fP 4
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lists all records for the domain.
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synonym for \fB\-t\ \ ANY\fP.
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.IP \fB\-h\fP 4
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lists CPU and operating system information for the domain.
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synonym for \fB\-t\ \ HINFO\fP.
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.IP \fB\-s\fP 4
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lists well-known services of hosts in the domain.
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synonym for \fB\-t\ \ WKS\fP.
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.P
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When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every
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50 records received from the server.
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.RE
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBview\fP \fIfilename\fP"
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Sorts and lists the output of previous \fBls\fP command(s) with
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\fImore\fP(1).
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.sp 1
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.ne 4
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.IP "\fBhelp\fP"
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.ns
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.IP "\fB?\fP"
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Prints a brief summary of commands.
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBexit\fP"
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Exits the program.
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBset\fP \fIkeyword\fP[=\fIvalue\fP]"
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This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups.
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Valid keywords are:
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.RS
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.IP "\fBall\fP"
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Prints the current values of the frequently-used options to \fBset\fP.
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Information about the current default server and host is also printed.
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.IP "\fBclass=\fIvalue\fR"
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Change the query class to one of:
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.RS
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.IP IN 10
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the Internet class.
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.IP CHAOS 10
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the Chaos class.
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.IP HESIOD 10
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the MIT Athena Hesiod class.
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.IP ANY 10
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wildcard (any of the above).
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.P
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The class specifies the protocol group of the information.
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.br
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(Default = IN, abbreviation = cl)
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.RE
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.IP "\fB[no]debug\fP"
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Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is printed about the
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packet sent to the server and the resulting answer.
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.br
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(Default = nodebug, abbreviation = [no]deb)
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.IP "\fB[no]d2\fP"
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Turn exhaustive debugging mode on.
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Essentially all fields of every packet are printed.
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.br
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(Default = nod2)
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.IP "\fBdomain=\fIname\fR"
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Change the default domain name to \fIname\fP.
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The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the
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state of the \fBdefname\fP and \fBsearch\fP options.
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The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has
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at least two components in its name.
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For example, if the default domain
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is CC.Berkeley.EDU, the search list is CC.Berkeley.EDU and Berkeley.EDU.
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Use the \fBset srchlist\fP command to specify a different list.
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Use the \fBset all\fP command to display the list.
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.br
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(Default = value from hostname, /etc/resolv.conf or LOCALDOMAIN,
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abbreviation = do)
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.IP "\fBsrchlist=\fIname1/name2/...\fR"
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Change the default domain name to \fIname1\fP and the domain search list
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to \fIname1\fP, \fIname2\fP, etc. A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes (/)
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can be specified.
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For example,
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.sp .5v
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set\ srchlist=lcs.MIT.EDU/ai.MIT.EDU/MIT.EDU
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.sp .5v
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sets the domain to lcs.MIT.EDU and the search list to the three names.
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This command overrides the
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default domain name and search list of the \fBset domain\fP command.
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Use the \fBset all\fP command to display the list.
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.br
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(Default = value based on hostname, /etc/resolv.conf or LOCALDOMAIN,
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abbreviation = srchl)
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.IP "\fB[no]defname\fP"
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If set, append the default domain name to a single-component lookup request
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(i.e., one that does not contain a period).
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.br
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(Default = defname, abbreviation = [no]def)
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.IP "\fB[no]search\fP"
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If the lookup request contains at least one period but doesn't end
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with a trailing period,
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append the domain names in the domain search list
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to the request until an answer is received.
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.br
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(Default = search, abbreviation = [no]sea)
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.IP "\fBport=\fIvalue\fR"
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Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to \fIvalue\fP.
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.br
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(Default = 53, abbreviation = po)
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.IP "\fBquerytype=\fIvalue\fR"
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.ns
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.IP "\fBtype=\fIvalue\fR"
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.ns
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Change the type of information query to one of:
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.RS
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.IP A 10
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the host's Internet address.
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.IP CNAME 10
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the canonical name for an alias.
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.IP HINFO 10
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the host CPU and operating system type.
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.IP MINFO 10
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the mailbox or mail list information.
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.IP MX 10
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the mail exchanger.
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.IP NS 10
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the name server for the named zone.
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.IP PTR 10
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the host name if the query is an Internet address,
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otherwise the pointer to other information.
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.IP SOA 10
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the domain's ``start-of-authority'' information.
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.IP TXT 10
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the text information.
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.IP UINFO 10
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the user information.
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.IP WKS 10
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the supported well-known services.
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.P
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Other types (ANY, AXFR, MB, MD, MF, NULL) are described in the
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RFC-1035 document.
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.br
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(Default = A, abbreviations = q, ty)
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.RE
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.IP "\fB[no]recurse\fP"
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Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the
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information.
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.br
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(Default = recurse, abbreviation = [no]rec)
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.IP \fBretry=\fInumber\fR
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Set the number of retries to \fInumber\fP.
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When a reply to a request is not received within a certain
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amount of time (changed with \fBset timeout\fP),
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the timeout period is doubled and the request is resent.
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The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up.
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.br
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(Default = 4, abbreviation = ret)
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.IP \fBroot=\fIhost\fR
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Change the name of the root server to \fIhost\fP. This
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affects the \fBroot\fP command.
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.br
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(Default = ns.internic.net., abbreviation = ro)
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.IP \fBtimeout=\fInumber\fR
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Change the initial timeout interval
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for waiting for a reply
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to \fInumber\fP seconds.
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Each retry doubles the timeout period.
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.br
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(Default = 5 seconds, abbreviation = ti)
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.IP "\fB[no]vc\fP"
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Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server.
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.br
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(Default = novc, abbreviation = [no]v)
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.IP "\fB[no]ignoretc\fP"
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Ignore packet truncation errors.
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.br
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(Default = noignoretc, abbreviation = [no]ig)
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.RE
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.SH DIAGNOSTICS
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If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed.
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Possible errors are:
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.IP "Timed out" 5
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The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of
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time (changed with \fBset timeout=\fIvalue\fR)
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and a certain number of retries (changed with \fBset retry=\fIvalue\fR).
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.IP "No response from server" 5
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No name server is running on the server machine.
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.IP "No records" 5
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The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the
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host, although the host name is valid.
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The query type is specified with the \fBset querytype\fP command.
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.IP "Non-existent domain" 5
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The host or domain name does not exist.
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.IP "Connection refused" 5
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.ns
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.IP "Network is unreachable" 5
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The connection to the name or finger server could not be made
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at the current time.
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This error commonly occurs with \fBls\fP and \fBfinger\fP requests.
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.IP "Server failure" 5
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The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database
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and could not return a valid answer.
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.IP "Refused" 5
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The name server refused to service the request.
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.IP "Format error" 5
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The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format.
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It may indicate an error in \fInslookup\fP.
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.sp 1
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.SH FILES
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.ta \w'/usr/share/misc/nslookup.helpXXX'u
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/etc/resolv.conf initial domain name and
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name server addresses.
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.br
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$HOME/.nslookuprc user's initial options.
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.br
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/usr/share/misc/nslookup.help summary of commands.
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.SH ENVIRONMENT
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.ta \w'HOSTALIASESXXXX'u
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HOSTALIASES file containing host aliases.
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.br
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LOCALDOMAIN overrides default domain.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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resolver(3), resolver(5), named(8),
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.br
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RFC-1034 ``Domain Names \- Concepts and Facilities''
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.br
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RFC-1035 ``Domain Names \- Implementation and Specification''
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.SH AUTHOR
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Andrew Cherenson
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