1051 lines
33 KiB
Plaintext
1051 lines
33 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
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.\" retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
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.\" distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
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.\" this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
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.\" provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
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.\" features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
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.\" Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
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.\" the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
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.\" or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
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.\" written permission.
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
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.\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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.\"
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.TH PCAP-FILTER @MAN_MISC_INFO@ "3 August 2015"
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.SH NAME
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pcap-filter \- packet filter syntax
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.br
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.ad
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.LP
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.B pcap_compile()
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is used to compile a string into a filter program.
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The resulting filter program can then be applied to
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some stream of packets to determine which packets will be supplied to
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.BR pcap_loop() ,
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.BR pcap_dispatch() ,
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.BR pcap_next() ,
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or
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.BR pcap_next_ex() .
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.LP
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The \fIfilter expression\fP consists of one or more
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.IR primitives .
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Primitives usually consist of an
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.I id
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(name or number) preceded by one or more qualifiers.
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There are three
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different kinds of qualifier:
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.IP \fItype\fP
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.I type
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qualifiers say what kind of thing the id name or number refers to.
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Possible types are
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.BR host ,
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.B net ,
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.B port
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and
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.BR portrange .
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E.g., `host foo', `net 128.3', `port 20', `portrange 6000-6008'.
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If there is no type
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qualifier,
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.B host
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is assumed.
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.IP \fIdir\fP
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.I dir
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qualifiers specify a particular transfer direction to and/or from
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.IR id .
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Possible directions are
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.BR src ,
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.BR dst ,
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.BR "src or dst" ,
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.BR "src and dst" ,
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.BR ra ,
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.BR ta ,
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.BR addr1 ,
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.BR addr2 ,
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.BR addr3 ,
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and
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.BR addr4 .
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E.g., `src foo', `dst net 128.3', `src or dst port ftp-data'.
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If
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there is no dir qualifier,
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.B "src or dst"
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is assumed.
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The
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.BR ra ,
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.BR ta ,
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.BR addr1 ,
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.BR addr2 ,
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.BR addr3 ,
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and
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.B addr4
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qualifiers are only valid for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN link layers.
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For some link layers, such as SLIP and the ``cooked'' Linux capture mode
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used for the ``any'' device and for some other device types, the
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.B inbound
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and
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.B outbound
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qualifiers can be used to specify a desired direction.
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.IP \fIproto\fP
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.I proto
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qualifiers restrict the match to a particular protocol.
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Possible
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protos are:
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.BR ether ,
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.BR fddi ,
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.BR tr ,
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.BR wlan ,
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.BR ip ,
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.BR ip6 ,
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.BR arp ,
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.BR rarp ,
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.BR decnet ,
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.B tcp
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and
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.BR udp .
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E.g., `ether src foo', `arp net 128.3', `tcp port 21', `udp portrange
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7000-7009', `wlan addr2 0:2:3:4:5:6'.
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If there is
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no proto qualifier, all protocols consistent with the type are
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assumed.
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E.g., `src foo' means `(ip or arp or rarp) src foo'
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(except the latter is not legal syntax), `net bar' means `(ip or
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arp or rarp) net bar' and `port 53' means `(tcp or udp) port 53'.
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.LP
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[`fddi' is actually an alias for `ether'; the parser treats them
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identically as meaning ``the data link level used on the specified
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network interface.'' FDDI headers contain Ethernet-like source
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and destination addresses, and often contain Ethernet-like packet
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types, so you can filter on these FDDI fields just as with the
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analogous Ethernet fields.
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FDDI headers also contain other fields,
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but you cannot name them explicitly in a filter expression.
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.LP
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Similarly, `tr' and `wlan' are aliases for `ether'; the previous
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paragraph's statements about FDDI headers also apply to Token Ring
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and 802.11 wireless LAN headers. For 802.11 headers, the destination
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address is the DA field and the source address is the SA field; the
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BSSID, RA, and TA fields aren't tested.]
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.LP
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In addition to the above, there are some special `primitive' keywords
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that don't follow the pattern:
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.BR gateway ,
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.BR broadcast ,
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.BR less ,
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.B greater
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and arithmetic expressions.
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All of these are described below.
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.LP
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More complex filter expressions are built up by using the words
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.BR and ,
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.B or
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and
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.B not
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to combine primitives.
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E.g., `host foo and not port ftp and not port ftp-data'.
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To save typing, identical qualifier lists can be omitted.
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E.g.,
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`tcp dst port ftp or ftp-data or domain' is exactly the same as
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`tcp dst port ftp or tcp dst port ftp-data or tcp dst port domain'.
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.LP
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Allowable primitives are:
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.IP "\fBdst host \fIhost\fR"
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True if the IPv4/v6 destination field of the packet is \fIhost\fP,
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which may be either an address or a name.
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.IP "\fBsrc host \fIhost\fR"
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True if the IPv4/v6 source field of the packet is \fIhost\fP.
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.IP "\fBhost \fIhost\fP"
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True if either the IPv4/v6 source or destination of the packet is \fIhost\fP.
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.IP
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Any of the above host expressions can be prepended with the keywords,
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\fBip\fP, \fBarp\fP, \fBrarp\fP, or \fBip6\fP as in:
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBip host \fIhost\fR
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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which is equivalent to:
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBether proto \fI\\ip\fB and host \fIhost\fR
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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If \fIhost\fR is a name with multiple IP addresses, each address will
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be checked for a match.
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.IP "\fBether dst \fIehost\fP"
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True if the Ethernet destination address is \fIehost\fP.
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\fIEhost\fP
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may be either a name from /etc/ethers or a numerical MAC address of the
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form "xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx", "xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx", "xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx",
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"xxxx.xxxx.xxxx", "xxxxxxxxxxxx", or various mixes of ':', '.', and '-',
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where each "x" is a hex digit (0-9, a-f, or A-F).
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.IP "\fBether src \fIehost\fP"
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True if the Ethernet source address is \fIehost\fP.
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.IP "\fBether host \fIehost\fP"
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True if either the Ethernet source or destination address is \fIehost\fP.
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.IP "\fBgateway\fP \fIhost\fP"
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True if the packet used \fIhost\fP as a gateway.
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I.e., the Ethernet
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source or destination address was \fIhost\fP but neither the IP source
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nor the IP destination was \fIhost\fP.
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\fIHost\fP must be a name and
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must be found both by the machine's host-name-to-IP-address resolution
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mechanisms (host name file, DNS, NIS, etc.) and by the machine's
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host-name-to-Ethernet-address resolution mechanism (/etc/ethers, etc.).
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(An equivalent expression is
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBether host \fIehost \fBand not host \fIhost\fR
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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which can be used with either names or numbers for \fIhost / ehost\fP.)
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This syntax does not work in IPv6-enabled configuration at this moment.
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.IP "\fBdst net \fInet\fR"
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True if the IPv4/v6 destination address of the packet has a network
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number of \fInet\fP.
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\fINet\fP may be either a name from the networks database
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(/etc/networks, etc.) or a network number.
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An IPv4 network number can be written as a dotted quad (e.g., 192.168.1.0),
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dotted triple (e.g., 192.168.1), dotted pair (e.g, 172.16), or single
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number (e.g., 10); the netmask is 255.255.255.255 for a dotted quad
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(which means that it's really a host match), 255.255.255.0 for a dotted
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triple, 255.255.0.0 for a dotted pair, or 255.0.0.0 for a single number.
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An IPv6 network number must be written out fully; the netmask is
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ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, so IPv6 "network" matches are really always
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host matches, and a network match requires a netmask length.
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.IP "\fBsrc net \fInet\fR"
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True if the IPv4/v6 source address of the packet has a network
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number of \fInet\fP.
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.IP "\fBnet \fInet\fR"
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True if either the IPv4/v6 source or destination address of the packet has a network
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number of \fInet\fP.
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.IP "\fBnet \fInet\fR \fBmask \fInetmask\fR"
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True if the IPv4 address matches \fInet\fR with the specific \fInetmask\fR.
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May be qualified with \fBsrc\fR or \fBdst\fR.
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Note that this syntax is not valid for IPv6 \fInet\fR.
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.IP "\fBnet \fInet\fR/\fIlen\fR"
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True if the IPv4/v6 address matches \fInet\fR with a netmask \fIlen\fR
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bits wide.
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May be qualified with \fBsrc\fR or \fBdst\fR.
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.IP "\fBdst port \fIport\fR"
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True if the packet is ip/tcp, ip/udp, ip6/tcp or ip6/udp and has a
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destination port value of \fIport\fP.
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The \fIport\fP can be a number or a name used in /etc/services (see
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.IR tcp (4P)
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and
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.IR udp (4P)).
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If a name is used, both the port
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number and protocol are checked.
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If a number or ambiguous name is used,
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only the port number is checked (e.g., \fBdst port 513\fR will print both
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tcp/login traffic and udp/who traffic, and \fBport domain\fR will print
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both tcp/domain and udp/domain traffic).
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.IP "\fBsrc port \fIport\fR"
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True if the packet has a source port value of \fIport\fP.
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.IP "\fBport \fIport\fR"
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True if either the source or destination port of the packet is \fIport\fP.
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.IP "\fBdst portrange \fIport1\fB-\fIport2\fR"
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True if the packet is ip/tcp, ip/udp, ip6/tcp or ip6/udp and has a
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destination port value between \fIport1\fP and \fIport2\fP.
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.I port1
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and
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.I port2
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are interpreted in the same fashion as the
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.I port
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parameter for
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.BR port .
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.IP "\fBsrc portrange \fIport1\fB-\fIport2\fR"
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True if the packet has a source port value between \fIport1\fP and
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\fIport2\fP.
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.IP "\fBportrange \fIport1\fB-\fIport2\fR"
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True if either the source or destination port of the packet is between
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\fIport1\fP and \fIport2\fP.
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.IP
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Any of the above port or port range expressions can be prepended with
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the keywords, \fBtcp\fP or \fBudp\fP, as in:
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBtcp src port \fIport\fR
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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which matches only tcp packets whose source port is \fIport\fP.
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.IP "\fBless \fIlength\fR"
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True if the packet has a length less than or equal to \fIlength\fP.
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This is equivalent to:
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBlen <= \fIlength\fP.
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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.IP "\fBgreater \fIlength\fR"
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True if the packet has a length greater than or equal to \fIlength\fP.
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This is equivalent to:
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBlen >= \fIlength\fP.
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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.IP "\fBip proto \fIprotocol\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv4 packet (see
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.IR ip (4P))
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of protocol type \fIprotocol\fP.
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\fIProtocol\fP can be a number or one of the names
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\fBicmp\fP, \fBicmp6\fP, \fBigmp\fP, \fBigrp\fP, \fBpim\fP, \fBah\fP,
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\fBesp\fP, \fBvrrp\fP, \fBudp\fP, or \fBtcp\fP.
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Note that the identifiers \fBtcp\fP, \fBudp\fP, and \fBicmp\fP are also
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keywords and must be escaped via backslash (\\).
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Note that this primitive does not chase the protocol header chain.
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.IP "\fBip6 proto \fIprotocol\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv6 packet of protocol type \fIprotocol\fP.
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Note that this primitive does not chase the protocol header chain.
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.IP "\fBproto \fIprotocol\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv4 or IPv6 packet of protocol type
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\fIprotocol\fP. Note that this primitive does not chase the protocol
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header chain.
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.IP "\fBtcp\fR, \fBudp\fR, \fBicmp\fR"
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Abbreviations for:
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBproto \fIp\fR\fB
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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where \fIp\fR is one of the above protocols.
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.IP "\fBip6 protochain \fIprotocol\fR"
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True if the packet is IPv6 packet,
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and contains protocol header with type \fIprotocol\fR
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in its protocol header chain.
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For example,
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.in +.5i
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.nf
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\fBip6 protochain 6\fR
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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matches any IPv6 packet with TCP protocol header in the protocol header chain.
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The packet may contain, for example,
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authentication header, routing header, or hop-by-hop option header,
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between IPv6 header and TCP header.
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The BPF code emitted by this primitive is complex and
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cannot be optimized by the BPF optimizer code, and is not supported by
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filter engines in the kernel, so this can be somewhat slow, and may
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cause more packets to be dropped.
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.IP "\fBip protochain \fIprotocol\fR"
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Equivalent to \fBip6 protochain \fIprotocol\fR, but this is for IPv4.
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.IP "\fBprotochain \fIprotocol\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv4 or IPv6 packet of protocol type
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\fIprotocol\fP. Note that this primitive chases the protocol
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header chain.
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.IP "\fBether broadcast\fR"
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True if the packet is an Ethernet broadcast packet.
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The \fIether\fP
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keyword is optional.
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.IP "\fBip broadcast\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv4 broadcast packet.
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It checks for both the all-zeroes and all-ones broadcast conventions,
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and looks up the subnet mask on the interface on which the capture is
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being done.
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.IP
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If the subnet mask of the interface on which the capture is being done
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is not available, either because the interface on which capture is being
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done has no netmask or because the capture is being done on the Linux
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"any" interface, which can capture on more than one interface, this
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check will not work correctly.
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.IP "\fBether multicast\fR"
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True if the packet is an Ethernet multicast packet.
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The \fBether\fP
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keyword is optional.
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This is shorthand for `\fBether[0] & 1 != 0\fP'.
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.IP "\fBip multicast\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv4 multicast packet.
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.IP "\fBip6 multicast\fR"
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True if the packet is an IPv6 multicast packet.
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.IP "\fBether proto \fIprotocol\fR"
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True if the packet is of ether type \fIprotocol\fR.
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\fIProtocol\fP can be a number or one of the names
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\fBip\fP, \fBip6\fP, \fBarp\fP, \fBrarp\fP, \fBatalk\fP, \fBaarp\fP,
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\fBdecnet\fP, \fBsca\fP, \fBlat\fP, \fBmopdl\fP, \fBmoprc\fP,
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\fBiso\fP, \fBstp\fP, \fBipx\fP, or \fBnetbeui\fP.
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Note these identifiers are also keywords
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and must be escaped via backslash (\\).
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.IP
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[In the case of FDDI (e.g., `\fBfddi proto arp\fR'), Token Ring
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(e.g., `\fBtr proto arp\fR'), and IEEE 802.11 wireless LANS (e.g.,
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`\fBwlan proto arp\fR'), for most of those protocols, the
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protocol identification comes from the 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
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header, which is usually layered on top of the FDDI, Token Ring, or
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802.11 header.
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.IP
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When filtering for most protocol identifiers on FDDI, Token Ring, or
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802.11, the filter checks only the protocol ID field of an LLC header
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in so-called SNAP format with an Organizational Unit Identifier (OUI) of
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0x000000, for encapsulated Ethernet; it doesn't check whether the packet
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is in SNAP format with an OUI of 0x000000.
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The exceptions are:
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.RS
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.TP
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\fBiso\fP
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the filter checks the DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) and
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SSAP (Source Service Access Point) fields of the LLC header;
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.TP
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\fBstp\fP and \fBnetbeui\fP
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the filter checks the DSAP of the LLC header;
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.TP
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\fBatalk\fP
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the filter checks for a SNAP-format packet with an OUI of 0x080007
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and the AppleTalk etype.
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.RE
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.IP
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In the case of Ethernet, the filter checks the Ethernet type field
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for most of those protocols. The exceptions are:
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.RS
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.TP
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\fBiso\fP, \fBstp\fP, and \fBnetbeui\fP
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the filter checks for an 802.3 frame and then checks the LLC header as
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it does for FDDI, Token Ring, and 802.11;
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.TP
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\fBatalk\fP
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|
the filter checks both for the AppleTalk etype in an Ethernet frame and
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for a SNAP-format packet as it does for FDDI, Token Ring, and 802.11;
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.TP
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|
\fBaarp\fP
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the filter checks for the AppleTalk ARP etype in either an Ethernet
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frame or an 802.2 SNAP frame with an OUI of 0x000000;
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.TP
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\fBipx\fP
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|
the filter checks for the IPX etype in an Ethernet frame, the IPX
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DSAP in the LLC header, the 802.3-with-no-LLC-header encapsulation of
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IPX, and the IPX etype in a SNAP frame.
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.RE
|
|
.IP "\fBip\fR, \fBip6\fR, \fBarp\fR, \fBrarp\fR, \fBatalk\fR, \fBaarp\fR, \fBdecnet\fR, \fBiso\fR, \fBstp\fR, \fBipx\fR, \fBnetbeui\fP"
|
|
Abbreviations for:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBether proto \fIp\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
where \fIp\fR is one of the above protocols.
|
|
.IP "\fBlat\fR, \fBmoprc\fR, \fBmopdl\fR"
|
|
Abbreviations for:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBether proto \fIp\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
where \fIp\fR is one of the above protocols.
|
|
Note that not all applications using
|
|
.BR pcap (3PCAP)
|
|
currently know how to parse these protocols.
|
|
.IP "\fBdecnet src \fIhost\fR"
|
|
True if the DECNET source address is
|
|
.IR host ,
|
|
which may be an address of the form ``10.123'', or a DECNET host
|
|
name.
|
|
[DECNET host name support is only available on ULTRIX systems
|
|
that are configured to run DECNET.]
|
|
.IP "\fBdecnet dst \fIhost\fR"
|
|
True if the DECNET destination address is
|
|
.IR host .
|
|
.IP "\fBdecnet host \fIhost\fR"
|
|
True if either the DECNET source or destination address is
|
|
.IR host .
|
|
.IP \fBllc\fP
|
|
True if the packet has an 802.2 LLC header. This includes:
|
|
.IP
|
|
Ethernet packets with a length field rather than a type field that
|
|
aren't raw NetWare-over-802.3 packets;
|
|
.IP
|
|
IEEE 802.11 data packets;
|
|
.IP
|
|
Token Ring packets (no check is done for LLC frames);
|
|
.IP
|
|
FDDI packets (no check is done for LLC frames);
|
|
.IP
|
|
LLC-encapsulated ATM packets, for SunATM on Solaris.
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.IP "\fBllc\fP \Fitype\fR"
|
|
True if the packet has an 802.2 LLC header and has the specified
|
|
.IR type .
|
|
.I type
|
|
can be one of:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBi\fR
|
|
Information (I) PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBs\fR
|
|
Supervisory (S) PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBu\fR
|
|
Unnumbered (U) PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBrr\fR
|
|
Receiver Ready (RR) S PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBrnr\fR
|
|
Receiver Not Ready (RNR) S PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBrej\fR
|
|
Reject (REJ) S PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBui\fR
|
|
Unnumbered Information (UI) U PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBua\fR
|
|
Unnumbered Acknowledgment (UA) U PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBdisc\fR
|
|
Disconnect (DISC) U PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBsabme\fR
|
|
Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended (SABME) U PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBtest\fR
|
|
Test (TEST) U PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBxid\fR
|
|
Exchange Identification (XID) U PDUs
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBfrmr\fR
|
|
Frame Reject (FRMR) U PDUs
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "\fBifname \fIinterface\fR"
|
|
True if the packet was logged as coming from the specified interface (applies
|
|
only to packets logged by OpenBSD's or FreeBSD's
|
|
.BR pf (4)).
|
|
.IP "\fBon \fIinterface\fR"
|
|
Synonymous with the
|
|
.B ifname
|
|
modifier.
|
|
.IP "\fBrnr \fInum\fR"
|
|
True if the packet was logged as matching the specified PF rule number
|
|
(applies only to packets logged by OpenBSD's or FreeBSD's
|
|
.BR pf (4)).
|
|
.IP "\fBrulenum \fInum\fR"
|
|
Synonymous with the
|
|
.B rnr
|
|
modifier.
|
|
.IP "\fBreason \fIcode\fR"
|
|
True if the packet was logged with the specified PF reason code. The known
|
|
codes are:
|
|
.BR match ,
|
|
.BR bad-offset ,
|
|
.BR fragment ,
|
|
.BR short ,
|
|
.BR normalize ,
|
|
and
|
|
.B memory
|
|
(applies only to packets logged by OpenBSD's or FreeBSD's
|
|
.BR pf (4)).
|
|
.IP "\fBrset \fIname\fR"
|
|
True if the packet was logged as matching the specified PF ruleset
|
|
name of an anchored ruleset (applies only to packets logged by OpenBSD's
|
|
or FreeBSD's
|
|
.BR pf (4)).
|
|
.IP "\fBruleset \fIname\fR"
|
|
Synonymous with the
|
|
.B rset
|
|
modifier.
|
|
.IP "\fBsrnr \fInum\fR"
|
|
True if the packet was logged as matching the specified PF rule number
|
|
of an anchored ruleset (applies only to packets logged by OpenBSD's or
|
|
FreeBSD's
|
|
.BR pf (4)).
|
|
.IP "\fBsubrulenum \fInum\fR"
|
|
Synonymous with the
|
|
.B srnr
|
|
modifier.
|
|
.IP "\fBaction \fIact\fR"
|
|
True if PF took the specified action when the packet was logged. Known actions
|
|
are:
|
|
.B pass
|
|
and
|
|
.B block
|
|
and, with later versions of
|
|
.BR pf (4)),
|
|
.BR nat ,
|
|
.BR rdr ,
|
|
.B binat
|
|
and
|
|
.B scrub
|
|
(applies only to packets logged by OpenBSD's or FreeBSD's
|
|
.BR pf (4)).
|
|
.IP "\fBwlan ra \fIehost\fR"
|
|
True if the IEEE 802.11 RA is
|
|
.IR ehost .
|
|
The RA field is used in all frames except for management frames.
|
|
.IP "\fBwlan ta \fIehost\fR"
|
|
True if the IEEE 802.11 TA is
|
|
.IR ehost .
|
|
The TA field is used in all frames except for management frames and
|
|
CTS (Clear To Send) and ACK (Acknowledgment) control frames.
|
|
.IP "\fBwlan addr1 \fIehost\fR"
|
|
True if the first IEEE 802.11 address is
|
|
.IR ehost .
|
|
.IP "\fBwlan addr2 \fIehost\fR"
|
|
True if the second IEEE 802.11 address, if present, is
|
|
.IR ehost .
|
|
The second address field is used in all frames except for CTS (Clear To
|
|
Send) and ACK (Acknowledgment) control frames.
|
|
.IP "\fBwlan addr3 \fIehost\fR"
|
|
True if the third IEEE 802.11 address, if present, is
|
|
.IR ehost .
|
|
The third address field is used in management and data frames, but not
|
|
in control frames.
|
|
.IP "\fBwlan addr4 \fIehost\fR"
|
|
True if the fourth IEEE 802.11 address, if present, is
|
|
.IR ehost .
|
|
The fourth address field is only used for
|
|
WDS (Wireless Distribution System) frames.
|
|
.IP "\fBtype \fIwlan_type\fR"
|
|
True if the IEEE 802.11 frame type matches the specified \fIwlan_type\fR.
|
|
Valid \fIwlan_type\fRs are:
|
|
\fBmgt\fP,
|
|
\fBctl\fP
|
|
and \fBdata\fP.
|
|
.IP "\fBtype \fIwlan_type \fBsubtype \fIwlan_subtype\fR"
|
|
True if the IEEE 802.11 frame type matches the specified \fIwlan_type\fR
|
|
and frame subtype matches the specified \fIwlan_subtype\fR.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If the specified \fIwlan_type\fR is \fBmgt\fP,
|
|
then valid \fIwlan_subtype\fRs are:
|
|
\fBassoc-req\fP,
|
|
\fBassoc-resp\fP,
|
|
\fBreassoc-req\fP,
|
|
\fBreassoc-resp\fP,
|
|
\fBprobe-req\fP,
|
|
\fBprobe-resp\fP,
|
|
\fBbeacon\fP,
|
|
\fBatim\fP,
|
|
\fBdisassoc\fP,
|
|
\fBauth\fP and
|
|
\fBdeauth\fP.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If the specified \fIwlan_type\fR is \fBctl\fP,
|
|
then valid \fIwlan_subtype\fRs are:
|
|
\fBps-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBrts\fP,
|
|
\fBcts\fP,
|
|
\fBack\fP,
|
|
\fBcf-end\fP and
|
|
\fBcf-end-ack\fP.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If the specified \fIwlan_type\fR is \fBdata\fP,
|
|
then valid \fIwlan_subtype\fRs are:
|
|
\fBdata\fP,
|
|
\fBdata-cf-ack\fP,
|
|
\fBdata-cf-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBdata-cf-ack-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBnull\fP,
|
|
\fBcf-ack\fP,
|
|
\fBcf-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBcf-ack-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBqos-data\fP,
|
|
\fBqos-data-cf-ack\fP,
|
|
\fBqos-data-cf-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBqos-data-cf-ack-poll\fP,
|
|
\fBqos\fP,
|
|
\fBqos-cf-poll\fP and
|
|
\fBqos-cf-ack-poll\fP.
|
|
.IP "\fBsubtype \fIwlan_subtype\fR"
|
|
True if the IEEE 802.11 frame subtype matches the specified \fIwlan_subtype\fR
|
|
and frame has the type to which the specified \fIwlan_subtype\fR belongs.
|
|
.IP "\fBdir \fIdir\fR"
|
|
True if the IEEE 802.11 frame direction matches the specified
|
|
.IR dir .
|
|
Valid directions are:
|
|
.BR nods ,
|
|
.BR tods ,
|
|
.BR fromds ,
|
|
.BR dstods ,
|
|
or a numeric value.
|
|
.IP "\fBvlan \fI[vlan_id]\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN packet.
|
|
If \fI[vlan_id]\fR is specified, only true if the packet has the specified
|
|
\fIvlan_id\fR.
|
|
Note that the first \fBvlan\fR keyword encountered in \fIexpression\fR
|
|
changes the decoding offsets for the remainder of \fIexpression\fR on
|
|
the assumption that the packet is a VLAN packet. The \fBvlan
|
|
\fI[vlan_id]\fR expression may be used more than once, to filter on VLAN
|
|
hierarchies. Each use of that expression increments the filter offsets
|
|
by 4.
|
|
.IP
|
|
For example:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBvlan 100 && vlan 200\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
filters on VLAN 200 encapsulated within VLAN 100, and
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBvlan && vlan 300 && ip\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
filters IPv4 protocols encapsulated in VLAN 300 encapsulated within any
|
|
higher order VLAN.
|
|
.IP "\fBmpls \fI[label_num]\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is an MPLS packet.
|
|
If \fI[label_num]\fR is specified, only true is the packet has the specified
|
|
\fIlabel_num\fR.
|
|
Note that the first \fBmpls\fR keyword encountered in \fIexpression\fR
|
|
changes the decoding offsets for the remainder of \fIexpression\fR on
|
|
the assumption that the packet is a MPLS-encapsulated IP packet. The
|
|
\fBmpls \fI[label_num]\fR expression may be used more than once, to
|
|
filter on MPLS hierarchies. Each use of that expression increments the
|
|
filter offsets by 4.
|
|
.IP
|
|
For example:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBmpls 100000 && mpls 1024\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
filters packets with an outer label of 100000 and an inner label of
|
|
1024, and
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBmpls && mpls 1024 && host 192.9.200.1\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
filters packets to or from 192.9.200.1 with an inner label of 1024 and
|
|
any outer label.
|
|
.IP \fBpppoed\fP
|
|
True if the packet is a PPP-over-Ethernet Discovery packet (Ethernet
|
|
type 0x8863).
|
|
.IP "\fBpppoes \fI[session_id]\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is a PPP-over-Ethernet Session packet (Ethernet
|
|
type 0x8864).
|
|
If \fI[session_id]\fR is specified, only true if the packet has the specified
|
|
\fIsession_id\fR.
|
|
Note that the first \fBpppoes\fR keyword encountered in \fIexpression\fR
|
|
changes the decoding offsets for the remainder of \fIexpression\fR on
|
|
the assumption that the packet is a PPPoE session packet.
|
|
.IP
|
|
For example:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBpppoes 0x27 && ip\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
filters IPv4 protocols encapsulated in PPPoE session id 0x27.
|
|
.IP "\fBgeneve \fI[vni]\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is a Geneve packet (UDP port 6081). If \fI[vni]\fR
|
|
is specified, only true if the packet has the specified \fIvni\fR.
|
|
Note that when the \fBgeneve\fR keyword is encountered in
|
|
\fIexpression\fR, it changes the decoding offsets for the remainder of
|
|
\fIexpression\fR on the assumption that the packet is a Geneve packet.
|
|
.IP
|
|
For example:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBgeneve 0xb && ip\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
filters IPv4 protocols encapsulated in Geneve with VNI 0xb. This will
|
|
match both IP directly encapsulated in Geneve as well as IP contained
|
|
inside an Ethernet frame.
|
|
.IP "\fBiso proto \fIprotocol\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is an OSI packet of protocol type \fIprotocol\fP.
|
|
\fIProtocol\fP can be a number or one of the names
|
|
\fBclnp\fP, \fBesis\fP, or \fBisis\fP.
|
|
.IP "\fBclnp\fR, \fBesis\fR, \fBisis\fR"
|
|
Abbreviations for:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBiso proto \fIp\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
where \fIp\fR is one of the above protocols.
|
|
.IP "\fBl1\fR, \fBl2\fR, \fBiih\fR, \fBlsp\fR, \fBsnp\fR, \fBcsnp\fR, \fBpsnp\fR"
|
|
Abbreviations for IS-IS PDU types.
|
|
.IP "\fBvpi\fP \fIn\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, with a
|
|
virtual path identifier of
|
|
.IR n .
|
|
.IP "\fBvci\fP \fIn\fR"
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, with a
|
|
virtual channel identifier of
|
|
.IR n .
|
|
.IP \fBlane\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
an ATM LANE packet.
|
|
Note that the first \fBlane\fR keyword encountered in \fIexpression\fR
|
|
changes the tests done in the remainder of \fIexpression\fR
|
|
on the assumption that the packet is either a LANE emulated Ethernet
|
|
packet or a LANE LE Control packet. If \fBlane\fR isn't specified, the
|
|
tests are done under the assumption that the packet is an
|
|
LLC-encapsulated packet.
|
|
.IP \fBoamf4s\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
a segment OAM F4 flow cell (VPI=0 & VCI=3).
|
|
.IP \fBoamf4e\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
an end-to-end OAM F4 flow cell (VPI=0 & VCI=4).
|
|
.IP \fBoamf4\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
a segment or end-to-end OAM F4 flow cell (VPI=0 & (VCI=3 | VCI=4)).
|
|
.IP \fBoam\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
a segment or end-to-end OAM F4 flow cell (VPI=0 & (VCI=3 | VCI=4)).
|
|
.IP \fBmetac\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
on a meta signaling circuit (VPI=0 & VCI=1).
|
|
.IP \fBbcc\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
on a broadcast signaling circuit (VPI=0 & VCI=2).
|
|
.IP \fBsc\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
on a signaling circuit (VPI=0 & VCI=5).
|
|
.IP \fBilmic\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
on an ILMI circuit (VPI=0 & VCI=16).
|
|
.IP \fBconnectmsg\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
on a signaling circuit and is a Q.2931 Setup, Call Proceeding, Connect,
|
|
Connect Ack, Release, or Release Done message.
|
|
.IP \fBmetaconnect\fP
|
|
True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
|
|
on a meta signaling circuit and is a Q.2931 Setup, Call Proceeding, Connect,
|
|
Release, or Release Done message.
|
|
.IP "\fIexpr relop expr\fR"
|
|
True if the relation holds, where \fIrelop\fR is one of >, <, >=, <=, =,
|
|
!=, and \fIexpr\fR is an arithmetic expression composed of integer
|
|
constants (expressed in standard C syntax), the normal binary operators
|
|
[+, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, <<, >>], a length operator, and special packet data
|
|
accessors. Note that all comparisons are unsigned, so that, for example,
|
|
0x80000000 and 0xffffffff are > 0.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The % and ^ operators are currently only supported for filtering in the
|
|
kernel on Linux with 3.7 and later kernels; on all other systems, if
|
|
those operators are used, filtering will be done in user mode, which
|
|
will increase the overhead of capturing packets and may cause more
|
|
packets to be dropped.
|
|
.IP
|
|
To access data inside the packet, use the following syntax:
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fIproto\fB [ \fIexpr\fB : \fIsize\fB ]\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
\fIProto\fR is one of \fBether, fddi, tr, wlan, ppp, slip, link,
|
|
ip, arp, rarp, tcp, udp, icmp, ip6\fR or \fBradio\fR, and
|
|
indicates the protocol layer for the index operation.
|
|
(\fBether, fddi, wlan, tr, ppp, slip\fR and \fBlink\fR all refer to the
|
|
link layer. \fBradio\fR refers to the "radio header" added to some
|
|
802.11 captures.)
|
|
Note that \fItcp, udp\fR and other upper-layer protocol types only
|
|
apply to IPv4, not IPv6 (this will be fixed in the future).
|
|
The byte offset, relative to the indicated protocol layer, is
|
|
given by \fIexpr\fR.
|
|
\fISize\fR is optional and indicates the number of bytes in the
|
|
field of interest; it can be either one, two, or four, and defaults to one.
|
|
The length operator, indicated by the keyword \fBlen\fP, gives the
|
|
length of the packet.
|
|
|
|
For example, `\fBether[0] & 1 != 0\fP' catches all multicast traffic.
|
|
The expression `\fBip[0] & 0xf != 5\fP'
|
|
catches all IPv4 packets with options.
|
|
The expression
|
|
`\fBip[6:2] & 0x1fff = 0\fP'
|
|
catches only unfragmented IPv4 datagrams and frag zero of fragmented
|
|
IPv4 datagrams.
|
|
This check is implicitly applied to the \fBtcp\fP and \fBudp\fP
|
|
index operations.
|
|
For instance, \fBtcp[0]\fP always means the first
|
|
byte of the TCP \fIheader\fP, and never means the first byte of an
|
|
intervening fragment.
|
|
|
|
Some offsets and field values may be expressed as names rather than
|
|
as numeric values.
|
|
The following protocol header field offsets are
|
|
available: \fBicmptype\fP (ICMP type field), \fBicmp6type (ICMP v6 type field)
|
|
\fBicmpcode\fP (ICMP code field), \fBicmp6code\fP (ICMP v6 code field), and
|
|
\fBtcpflags\fP (TCP flags field).
|
|
|
|
The following ICMP type field values are available: \fBicmp-echoreply\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp-unreach\fP, \fBicmp-sourcequench\fP, \fBicmp-redirect\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp-echo\fP, \fBicmp-routeradvert\fP, \fBicmp-routersolicit\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp-timxceed\fP, \fBicmp-paramprob\fP, \fBicmp-tstamp\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp-tstampreply\fP, \fBicmp-ireq\fP, \fBicmp-ireqreply\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp-maskreq\fP, \fBicmp-maskreply\fP.
|
|
|
|
The following ICMPv6 type fields are available: \fBicmp6-echo\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-echoreply\fP, \fBicmp6-multicastlistenerquery\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-multicastlistenerreportv1\fP, \fBicmp6-multicastlistenerdone\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-routersolicit\fP, \fBicmp6-routeradvert\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-neighborsolicit\fP, \fBicmp6-neighboradvert\fP, \fBicmp6-redirect\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-routerrenum\fP, \fBicmp6-nodeinformationquery\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-nodeinformationresponse\fP, \fBicmp6-ineighbordiscoverysolicit\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-ineighbordiscoveryadvert\fP, \fBicmp6-multicastlistenerreportv2\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-homeagentdiscoveryrequest\fP, \fBicmp6-homeagentdiscoveryreply\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-mobileprefixsolicit\fP, \fBicmp6-mobileprefixadvert\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-certpathsolicit\fP, \fBicmp6-certpathadvert\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-multicastrouteradvert\fP, \fBicmp6-multicastroutersolicit\fP,
|
|
\fBicmp6-multicastrouterterm\fP.
|
|
|
|
The following TCP flags field values are available: \fBtcp-fin\fP,
|
|
\fBtcp-syn\fP, \fBtcp-rst\fP, \fBtcp-push\fP,
|
|
\fBtcp-ack\fP, \fBtcp-urg\fP, \fBtcp-ece\fP,
|
|
\fBtcp-cwr\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Primitives may be combined using:
|
|
.IP
|
|
A parenthesized group of primitives and operators.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Negation (`\fB!\fP' or `\fBnot\fP').
|
|
.IP
|
|
Concatenation (`\fB&&\fP' or `\fBand\fP').
|
|
.IP
|
|
Alternation (`\fB||\fP' or `\fBor\fP').
|
|
.LP
|
|
Negation has highest precedence.
|
|
Alternation and concatenation have equal precedence and associate
|
|
left to right.
|
|
Note that explicit \fBand\fR tokens, not juxtaposition,
|
|
are now required for concatenation.
|
|
.LP
|
|
If an identifier is given without a keyword, the most recent keyword
|
|
is assumed.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBnot host vs and ace\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
is short for
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBnot host vs and host ace\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
which should not be confused with
|
|
.in +.5i
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBnot ( host vs or ace )\fR
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -.5i
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select all packets arriving at or departing from \fIsundown\fP:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBhost sundown\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select traffic between \fIhelios\fR and either \fIhot\fR or \fIace\fR:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBhost helios and \\( hot or ace \\)\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select all IP packets between \fIace\fR and any host except \fIhelios\fR:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBip host ace and not helios\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select all traffic between local hosts and hosts at Berkeley:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
net ucb-ether
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select all ftp traffic through internet gateway \fIsnup\fP:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
gateway snup and (port ftp or ftp-data)
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select traffic neither sourced from nor destined for local hosts
|
|
(if you gateway to one other net, this stuff should never make it
|
|
onto your local net).
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
ip and not net \fIlocalnet\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select the start and end packets (the SYN and FIN packets) of each
|
|
TCP conversation that involves a non-local host.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn|tcp-fin) != 0 and not src and dst net \fIlocalnet\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select all IPv4 HTTP packets to and from port 80, i.e. print only
|
|
packets that contain data, not, for example, SYN and FIN packets and
|
|
ACK-only packets. (IPv6 is left as an exercise for the reader.)
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select IP packets longer than 576 bytes sent through gateway \fIsnup\fP:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
gateway snup and ip[2:2] > 576
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select IP broadcast or multicast packets that were
|
|
.I not
|
|
sent via Ethernet broadcast or multicast:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
ether[0] & 1 = 0 and ip[16] >= 224
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
To select all ICMP packets that are not echo requests/replies (i.e., not
|
|
ping packets):
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B
|
|
icmp[icmptype] != icmp-echo and icmp[icmptype] != icmp-echoreply
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
pcap(3PCAP)
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
To report a security issue please send an e-mail to security@tcpdump.org.
|
|
.LP
|
|
To report bugs and other problems, contribute patches, request a
|
|
feature, provide generic feedback etc please see the file
|
|
.I CONTRIBUTING
|
|
in the libpcap source tree root.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Filter expressions on fields other than those in Token Ring headers will
|
|
not correctly handle source-routed Token Ring packets.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Filter expressions on fields other than those in 802.11 headers will not
|
|
correctly handle 802.11 data packets with both To DS and From DS set.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.BR "ip6 proto"
|
|
should chase header chain, but at this moment it does not.
|
|
.BR "ip6 protochain"
|
|
is supplied for this behavior.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Arithmetic expression against transport layer headers, like \fBtcp[0]\fP,
|
|
does not work against IPv6 packets.
|
|
It only looks at IPv4 packets.
|