d25f7d324a
Loosely based on https://wiki.freebsd.org/BenWoods/DebuggingPorts. Reviewed by: crees MFC after: 2 weeks Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D27296
763 lines
19 KiB
Groff
763 lines
19 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 David E. O'Brien
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 17, 2021
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.Dt PORTS 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ports
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.Nd contributed applications
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fx
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Ports Collection
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offers a simple way to compile and install third party applications.
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It is also used to build packages, to be installed using
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.Xr pkg 8 .
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.Pp
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The ports tree, typically located at
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.Pa /usr/ports ,
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consists of subdirectories, one for each category; those in turn contain
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individual ports.
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Each port is a directory with metadata and patches necessary to make
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the original application source code compile and run on
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.Fx .
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Compiling an application is as simple as typing
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.Dq Li "make build"
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in the port directory.
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The
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.Pa Makefile
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automatically fetches the
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application source code, either from a local disk or the network, unpacks it,
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applies the patches, and compiles it.
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It also recursively handles dependencies \(em other pieces of software
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the port depends on in order to build and work.
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Afterwards,
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.Dq Li "make install"
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installs the application.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fx
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Ports Collection is maintained in several branches, which differ mostly
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by versions of software provided: the
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.Em main
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branch contains all the latest changes and corresponds to the
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.Em latest
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package set, while the
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.Em quarterly
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branches only provide critical fixes.
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The
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.Em main
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branch can be cloned and updated from the Git repository located at:
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.Pp
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.Lk https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git
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.Pp
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so eg:
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.Pp
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.Cm git clone https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git
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.Pp
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The
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.Em quarterly
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branches can be found in Git as branches like
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.Pa yyyyQn
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, where
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.Em yyyy
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indicates the year and
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.Em n
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indicates the quarter
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.Po 1 to 4
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.Pc , eg:
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.Pp
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.Cm git clone -b 2021Q2 https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git
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.Pp
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It is generally a good idea to use the
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.Nm
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branch that matches the
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.Xr pkg 8
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repository being used.
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By default, for
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.Fx CURRENT
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the
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.Xr pkg 8
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is configured to install packages built from the
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.Em main
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branch, while for
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.Fx STABLE
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or RELEASE versions it is configured to install packages built from
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the latest
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.Em quarterly
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branch.
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Currently configured
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.Xr pkg 8
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repository can be verified by looking at the
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.Em url
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field in
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.Cm pkg -vv
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output.
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.Pp
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For more information about using ports, see the
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.Dq "Packages and Ports" section
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in
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.Sm off
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.%B "The FreeBSD Handbook"
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.No \&:
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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.Lk https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/ports.html
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.Pp
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For information about creating new ports, see
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.Sm off
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.%B "The Porter's Handbook"
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.No \&:
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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.Lk https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/porters-handbook/
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.Sh TARGETS
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Some of the
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.Xr make 1
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targets work recursively through subdirectories.
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This lets you, for example, install all of the
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.Dq Li biology
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ports with one command.
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The targets that do this are
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.Cm build , checksum , clean , configure ,
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.Cm depends , extract , fetch , install ,
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and
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.Cm package .
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.Pp
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The following targets will be run automatically by each proceeding
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target in order.
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That is,
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.Cm build
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will be run (if necessary) by
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.Cm install ,
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and so on all the way to
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.Cm fetch .
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Usually, you will only use the
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.Cm install
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target.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm configure"
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.It Cm config
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Configure
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.Va OPTIONS
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for this port using
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.Xr dialog4ports 1 .
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.It Cm fetch
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Fetch all of the files needed to build this port from the sites
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listed in
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.Va MASTER_SITES
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and
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.Va PATCH_SITES .
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See
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.Va FETCH_CMD , MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
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and
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.Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP .
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.It Cm checksum
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Verify that the fetched distfile's checksum matches the one the port was
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tested against.
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If the distfile's checksum does not match, it also fetches the distfiles
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which are missing or failed the checksum calculation.
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Defining
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.Va NO_CHECKSUM
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will skip this step.
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.It Cm depends
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Install
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(or compile if only compilation is necessary)
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any dependencies of the current port.
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When called by the
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.Cm extract
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or
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.Cm fetch
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targets, this is run in piecemeal as
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.Cm fetch-depends , build-depends ,
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etc.
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Defining
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.Va NO_DEPENDS
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will skip this step.
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.It Cm extract
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Expand the distfile into a work directory.
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.It Cm patch
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Apply any patches that are necessary for the port.
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.It Cm configure
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Configure the port.
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Some ports will ask you questions during this stage.
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See
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.Va INTERACTIVE
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and
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.Va BATCH .
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.It Cm build
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Build the port.
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This is the same as calling the
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.Cm all
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target.
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.It Cm install
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Install the port and register it with the package system.
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This is all you really need to do.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following targets are not run during the normal install process.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm fetch-recursive"
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.It Cm showconfig
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Display
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.Va OPTIONS
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config for this port.
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.It Cm showconfig-recursive
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Display
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.Va OPTIONS
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config for this port and all its dependencies.
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.It Cm rmconfig
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Remove
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.Va OPTIONS
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config for this port.
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.It Cm rmconfig-recursive
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Remove
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.Va OPTIONS
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config for this port and all its dependencies.
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.It Cm config-conditional
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Skip the ports which have already had their
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.Va OPTIONS
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configured.
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.It Cm config-recursive
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Configure
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.Va OPTIONS
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for this port and all its dependencies using
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.Xr dialog4ports 1 .
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.It Cm fetch-list
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Show list of files to be fetched in order to build the port.
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.It Cm fetch-recursive
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Fetch the distfiles of the port and all its dependencies.
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.It Cm fetch-recursive-list
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Show list of files that would be retrieved by
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.Cm fetch-recursive .
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.It Cm run-depends-list , build-depends-list
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Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies
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of those dependencies, by port directory.
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.It Cm all-depends-list
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Print a list of all dependencies for the port.
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.It Cm pretty-print-run-depends-list , pretty-print-build-depends-list
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Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies
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of those dependencies, by port name and version.
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.It Cm missing
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Print a list of missing dependencies to be installed for the port.
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.It Cm clean
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Remove the expanded source code.
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This recurses to dependencies unless
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.Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
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is defined.
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.It Cm distclean
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Remove the port's distfiles and perform the
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.Cm clean
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target.
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The
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.Cm clean
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portion recurses to dependencies unless
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.Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
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is defined, but the
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.Cm distclean
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portion never recurses
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(this is perhaps a bug).
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.It Cm reinstall
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Use this to restore a port after using
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.Xr pkg-delete 8
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when you should have used
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.Cm deinstall .
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.It Cm deinstall
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Remove an installed port from the system, similar to
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.Xr pkg-delete 8 .
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.It Cm deinstall-all
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Remove all installed ports with the same
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.Va PKGORIGIN
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from the system.
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.It Cm package
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Make a binary package for the port.
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The port will be installed if it has not already been.
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The package is a
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.Pa .txz
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file that you can use to
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install the port on other machines with
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.Xr pkg-add 8 .
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If the directory specified by
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.Va PACKAGES
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does not exist, the package will be put in
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.Pa /usr/ports/category/port/work/pkg .
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See
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.Va PKGREPOSITORY
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and
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.Va PKGFILE
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for more information.
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.It Cm package-recursive
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Like
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.Cm package ,
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but makes a package for each depending port as well.
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.It Cm package-name
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Prints the name with version of the port.
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.It Cm readmes
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Create a port's
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.Pa README.html .
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This can be used from
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.Pa /usr/ports
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to create a browsable web of all ports on your system!
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.It Cm search
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Search the
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.Pa INDEX
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|
file for the pattern specified by the
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.Va key
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(searches the port name, comment, and dependencies),
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.Va name
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(searches the port name only),
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.Va path
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(searches the port path),
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.Va info
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(searches the port info),
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.Va maint
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(searches the port maintainer),
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.Va cat
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(searches the port category),
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.Va bdeps
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(searches the port build-time dependency),
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.Va rdeps
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(searches the port run-time dependency),
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.Va www
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(searches the port web site)
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.Xr make 1
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variables, and their exclusion counterparts:
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.Va xname , xkey
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|
etc.
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|
For example, one would type:
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.Pp
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.Dl "cd /usr/ports && make search name=query"
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.Pp
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|
to find all ports whose
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name matches
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.Dq Li query .
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Results include the matching ports' path, comment, maintainer,
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build dependencies, and run dependencies.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e
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xbdeps=apache
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.Ed
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.Pp
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To find all ports whose
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names contain
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.Dq Li pear-
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and which do not have apache
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listed in build-time dependencies.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e
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xname='ht(tp|ml)'
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.Ed
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.Pp
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To find all ports whose names contain
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.Dq Li pear- ,
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but not
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.Dq Li html
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or
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.Dq Li http .
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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make search key=apache display=name,path,info keylim=1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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To find ports that contain
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.Dq Li apache
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in either of the name, path, info
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fields, ignore the rest of the record.
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.Pp
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By default the search is not case-sensitive.
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In order to make it case-sensitive you can use the
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.Va icase
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variable:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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make search name=p5-R icase=0
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.Ed
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.It Cm quicksearch
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Reduced
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.Cm search
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output.
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Only display name, path and info.
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.It Cm describe
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Generate a one-line description of each port for use in the
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.Pa INDEX
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file.
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.It Cm maintainer
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Display the port maintainer's email address.
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.It Cm index
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Create
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.Pa /usr/ports/INDEX ,
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which is used by the
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.Cm pretty-print-*
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and
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.Cm search
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targets.
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Running the
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.Cm index
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target will ensure your
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.Pa INDEX
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file is up to date with your ports tree.
|
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.It Cm fetchindex
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Fetch the
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.Pa INDEX
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file from the
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.Fx
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cluster.
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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You can change all of these.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Va MASTER_SITES"
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.It Va PORTSDIR
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|
Location of the ports tree.
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This is
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.Pa /usr/ports
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by default.
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.It Va WRKDIRPREFIX
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Where to create any temporary files.
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Useful if
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.Va PORTSDIR
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is read-only (perhaps mounted from a CD-ROM).
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.It Va DISTDIR
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Where to find/put distfiles, normally
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.Pa distfiles/
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in
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.Va PORTSDIR .
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.It Va SU_CMD
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|
Command used to elevate privilege to configure and install a port.
|
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The unprivileged user must have write access to
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.Va WRKDIRPREFIX
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and
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.Va DISTDIR .
|
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The default is
|
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.Ql /usr/bin/su root -c .
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Many users set it to
|
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.Ql /usr/local/bin/sudo -E sh -c
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for convenience.
|
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.It Va PACKAGES
|
|
Used only for the
|
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.Cm package
|
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target; the base directory for the packages tree, normally
|
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.Pa packages/
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|
in
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.Va PORTSDIR .
|
|
If this directory exists, the package tree will be (partially) constructed.
|
|
This directory does not have to exist; if it does not, packages will be
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placed into the current directory, or you can define one of
|
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.Bl -tag -width ".Va PKGREPOSITORY"
|
|
.It Va PKGREPOSITORY
|
|
Directory to put the package in.
|
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.It Va PKGFILE
|
|
The full path to the package.
|
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.El
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.It Va LOCALBASE
|
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Where existing things are installed and where to search for files when
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resolving dependencies (usually
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.Pa /usr/local ) .
|
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.It Va PREFIX
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|
Where to install this port (usually set to the same as
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.Va LOCALBASE ) .
|
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.It Va MASTER_SITES
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|
Primary sites for distribution files if not found locally.
|
|
.It Va PATCH_SITES
|
|
Primary locations for distribution patch files if not found
|
|
locally.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD
|
|
If set, go to the master
|
|
.Fx
|
|
site for all files.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
|
|
Try going to these sites for all files and patches, first.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP
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|
Try going to these sites for all files and patches, last.
|
|
.It Va RANDOMIZE_MASTER_SITES
|
|
Try the download locations in a random order.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SORT
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|
Sort the download locations according to user supplied pattern.
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Dl .dk .sunet.se .se dk.php.net .no .de heanet.dl.sourceforge.net
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|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_INDEX
|
|
Where to get
|
|
.Pa INDEX
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|
source built on
|
|
.Fx
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|
cluster (for
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|
.Cm fetchindex
|
|
target).
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Pa https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/ .
|
|
.It Va FETCHINDEX
|
|
Command to get
|
|
.Pa INDEX
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|
(for
|
|
.Cm fetchindex
|
|
target).
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Dq Li "fetch -am" .
|
|
.It Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
|
|
If defined, do not let
|
|
.Cm clean
|
|
recurse to dependencies.
|
|
.It Va FETCH_CMD
|
|
Command to use to fetch files.
|
|
Normally
|
|
.Xr fetch 1 .
|
|
.It Va FORCE_PKG_REGISTER
|
|
If set, overwrite any existing package registration on the system.
|
|
.It Va INTERACTIVE
|
|
If defined, only operate on a port if it requires interaction.
|
|
.It Va BATCH
|
|
If defined, only operate on a port if it can be installed 100% automatically.
|
|
.It Va DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES
|
|
If defined, disable check for security vulnerabilities using
|
|
.Xr pkg-audit 8
|
|
when installing new ports.
|
|
.It Va NO_IGNORE
|
|
If defined, allow installation of ports marked as
|
|
.Aq Va FORBIDDEN .
|
|
The default behavior of the Ports framework is to abort when the
|
|
installation of a forbidden port is attempted.
|
|
Of course, these ports may not work as expected, but if you really know
|
|
what you are doing and are sure about installing a forbidden port, then
|
|
.Va NO_IGNORE
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|
lets you do it.
|
|
.It Va NO_CHECKSUM
|
|
If defined, skip verifying the port's checksum.
|
|
.It Va TRYBROKEN
|
|
If defined, attempt to build a port even if it is marked as
|
|
.Aq Va BROKEN .
|
|
.It Va PORT_DBDIR
|
|
Directory where the results of configuring
|
|
.Va OPTIONS
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|
are stored.
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Pa /var/db/ports .
|
|
Each port where
|
|
.Va OPTIONS
|
|
have been configured will have a uniquely named sub-directory, containing a
|
|
single file
|
|
.Pa options .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh MAKE VARIABLES
|
|
The following list provides a name and short description for many of the
|
|
variables that are used when building ports.
|
|
More information on these and other related variables may be found in
|
|
.Pa ${PORTSDIR}/Mk/*
|
|
and the
|
|
.Fx
|
|
Porter's Handbook.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "WITH_CCACHE_BUILD"
|
|
.It Va WITH_DEBUG
|
|
.Pq Vt bool
|
|
If set, debugging symbols are installed for ports binaries.
|
|
.It Va WITH_DEBUG_PORTS
|
|
A list of origins for which to set
|
|
.Va WITH_DEBUG .
|
|
.It Va DEBUG_FLAGS
|
|
.Pq Default: Ql -g
|
|
Additional
|
|
.Va CFLAGS
|
|
to set when
|
|
.Va WITH_DEBUG
|
|
is set.
|
|
.It Va WITH_CCACHE_BUILD
|
|
.Pq Vt bool
|
|
If set, enables the use of
|
|
.Xr ccache 1
|
|
for building ports.
|
|
.It Va CCACHE_DIR
|
|
Which directory to use for the
|
|
.Xr ccache 1
|
|
data.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk" -compact
|
|
.It Pa /usr/ports
|
|
The default ports directory.
|
|
.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
|
|
The big Kahuna.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 0n
|
|
.It Sy Example 1\&: No Building and Installing a Port
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following command builds and installs Emacs.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/editors/emacs
|
|
.Li # Ic make install
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 2\&: No Installing Dependencies with Xr pkg 8
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following example shows how to build and install a port without having to
|
|
build its dependencies.
|
|
Instead, the dependencies are downloaded via
|
|
.Xr pkg 8 .
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic make install-missing-packages
|
|
.Li # Ic make install
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is especially useful, when the dependencies are costly
|
|
in time and resources to build
|
|
.Pq like Pa lang/rust .
|
|
The drawback is that
|
|
.Xr pkg 8
|
|
offers only packages built with the default set of
|
|
.Va OPTIONS .
|
|
.It Sy Example 3\&: No Building a Non-Default Flavor of a Port
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following command builds a non-default flavor of a port.
|
|
(In this case
|
|
.Pa devel/py-pip
|
|
is going to be built with Python 3.7 support.)
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/devel/py-pip
|
|
.Li # Ic env FLAVOR=py37 make build
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 4\&: No Setting Ports Options via Xr make.conf 5
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following lines present various ways of configuring ports options via
|
|
.Xr make.conf 5
|
|
(as an alternative to, e.g., running
|
|
.Dq Li make config ) :
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
# Enable NLS for all ports unless configured otherwise
|
|
# using the options dialog.
|
|
OPTIONS_SET= NLS
|
|
# Disable DOCS for all ports overriding the options set
|
|
# via the options dialog.
|
|
OPTIONS_UNSET_FORCE= DOCS
|
|
# Disable DOCS and EXAMPLES for the shells/zsh port.
|
|
shells_zsh_UNSET= DOCS EXAMPLES
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
These and other options-related variables are documented in
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.options.mk .
|
|
.It Sy Example 5\&: No Setting Xr make 1 Variables for Specific Ports via Xr make.conf 5
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following example shows how to set arbitrary
|
|
.Xr make 1
|
|
variables only specific ports:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
# Set DISABLE_MAKE_JOBS for the lang/rust port:
|
|
\&.if ${.CURDIR:M*/lang/rust}
|
|
DISABLE_MAKE_JOBS= yes
|
|
TRYBROKEN= yes
|
|
\&.endif
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 6\&: No Debugging Ports
|
|
By default ports are built and packaged without debugging support (e.g.,
|
|
debugging symbols are stripped from binaries, optimization flags are used for
|
|
compiling, verbose logging is disabled).
|
|
Whether ports are built with debugging symbols can be controlled by the
|
|
settings in
|
|
.Xr make.conf 5 ,
|
|
e.g.,
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
# Enable debugging for all ports.
|
|
WITH_DEBUG= yes
|
|
# Enable debugging for selected ports.
|
|
WITH_DEBUG_PORTS= mail/dovecot security/krb5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is also possible to use the debug variables on the command line:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset 2n
|
|
.Li # Ic make -DWITH_DEBUG DEBUG_FLAGS="-g -O0" build
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx MAKE VARIABLES
|
|
section to learn more about the debug variables.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To understand the details of what happens when the debug variables are set it
|
|
is best to consult the files located at
|
|
.Pa ${PORTSDIR}/Mk/*
|
|
.Po Pa bsd.port.mk
|
|
in particular
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If debugging is enabled for a specific port, the ports framework will:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Add
|
|
.Va DEBUG_FLAGS
|
|
(defaults to
|
|
.Ql -g )
|
|
to
|
|
.Va CFLAGS .
|
|
.It
|
|
Try to prevent the binaries from being stripped (including checking the install
|
|
target to replace
|
|
.Ql install-strip
|
|
with
|
|
.Ql install ) .
|
|
Whether a binary has been stripped can be checked with
|
|
.Xr file 1 .
|
|
.It
|
|
Try to enable other debugging features like debug build type or verbose logging.
|
|
However, this is port-specific and the ports framework might not be aware of
|
|
each supported debugging feature a given piece of software has to offer).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr make 1 ,
|
|
.Xr make.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr development 7 ,
|
|
.Xr pkg 7
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional developer documentation:
|
|
.Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr portlint 1
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Additional user documentation:
|
|
.Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr pkg 8
|
|
.It
|
|
.Lk "https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports" "Searchable index of all ports"
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The Ports Collection
|
|
appeared in
|
|
.Fx 1.0 .
|
|
It has since spread to
|
|
.Nx
|
|
and
|
|
.Ox .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
This manual page was originated by
|
|
.An David O'Brien .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Ports documentation is split over four places \(em
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk ,
|
|
.%B "The Porter's Handbook" ,
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq "Packages and Ports"
|
|
chapter of
|
|
.%B "The FreeBSD Handbook" ,
|
|
and
|
|
this manual page.
|