687 lines
18 KiB
Groff
687 lines
18 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenBSD: pfctl.8,v 1.138 2008/06/10 20:55:02 mcbride Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2001 Kjell Wooding. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 21, 2011
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.Dt PFCTL 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pfctl
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.Nd control the packet filter (PF) device
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm pfctl
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl AdeghmNnOPqRrvz
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.Op Fl a Ar anchor
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.Oo Fl D Ar macro Ns =
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.Ar value Oc
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.Op Fl F Ar modifier
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.Op Fl f Ar file
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.Op Fl i Ar interface
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.Op Fl K Ar host | network
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.Xo
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.Oo Fl k
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.Ar host | network | label | id
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.Oc Xc
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.Op Fl o Ar level
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.Op Fl p Ar device
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.Op Fl s Ar modifier
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.Xo
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.Oo Fl t Ar table
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.Fl T Ar command
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.Op Ar address ...
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.Oc Xc
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.Op Fl x Ar level
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.Ek
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility communicates with the packet filter device using the
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ioctl interface described in
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.Xr pf 4 .
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It allows ruleset and parameter configuration and retrieval of status
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information from the packet filter.
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.Pp
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Packet filtering restricts the types of packets that pass through
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network interfaces entering or leaving the host based on filter
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rules as described in
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.Xr pf.conf 5 .
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The packet filter can also replace addresses and ports of packets.
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Replacing source addresses and ports of outgoing packets is called
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NAT (Network Address Translation) and is used to connect an internal
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network (usually reserved address space) to an external one (the
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Internet) by making all connections to external hosts appear to
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come from the gateway.
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Replacing destination addresses and ports of incoming packets
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is used to redirect connections to different hosts and/or ports.
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A combination of both translations, bidirectional NAT, is also
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supported.
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Translation rules are described in
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.Xr pf.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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When the variable
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.Va pf
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is set to
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.Dv YES
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in
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.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
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the rule file specified with the variable
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.Va pf_rules
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is loaded automatically by the
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.Xr rc 8
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scripts and the packet filter is enabled.
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.Pp
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The packet filter does not itself forward packets between interfaces.
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Forwarding can be enabled by setting the
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.Xr sysctl 8
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variables
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.Em net.inet.ip.forwarding
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and/or
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.Em net.inet6.ip6.forwarding
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to 1.
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Set them permanently in
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.Xr sysctl.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility provides several commands.
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl A
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Load only the queue rules present in the rule file.
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Other rules and options are ignored.
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.It Fl a Ar anchor
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Apply flags
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.Fl f ,
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.Fl F ,
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and
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.Fl s
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only to the rules in the specified
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.Ar anchor .
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In addition to the main ruleset,
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.Nm
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can load and manipulate additional rulesets by name,
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called anchors.
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The main ruleset is the default anchor.
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.Pp
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Anchors are referenced by name and may be nested,
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with the various components of the anchor path separated by
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.Sq /
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characters, similar to how file system hierarchies are laid out.
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The last component of the anchor path is where ruleset operations are
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performed.
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.Pp
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Evaluation of
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.Ar anchor
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rules from the main ruleset is described in
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.Xr pf.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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For example, the following will show all filter rules (see the
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.Fl s
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flag below) inside the anchor
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.Dq authpf/smith(1234) ,
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which would have been created for user
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.Dq smith
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by
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.Xr authpf 8 ,
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PID 1234:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# pfctl -a "authpf/smith(1234)" -s rules
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Private tables can also be put inside anchors, either by having table
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statements in the
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.Xr pf.conf 5
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file that is loaded in the anchor, or by using regular table commands, as in:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# pfctl -a foo/bar -t mytable -T add 1.2.3.4 5.6.7.8
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When a rule referring to a table is loaded in an anchor, the rule will use the
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private table if one is defined, and then fall back to the table defined in the
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main ruleset, if there is one.
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This is similar to C rules for variable scope.
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It is possible to create distinct tables with the same name in the global
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ruleset and in an anchor, but this is often bad design and a warning will be
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issued in that case.
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.Pp
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By default, recursive inline printing of anchors applies only to unnamed
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anchors specified inline in the ruleset.
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If the anchor name is terminated with a
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.Sq *
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character, the
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.Fl s
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flag will recursively print all anchors in a brace delimited block.
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For example the following will print the
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.Dq authpf
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ruleset recursively:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# pfctl -a 'authpf/*' -sr
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.Ed
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.Pp
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To print the main ruleset recursively, specify only
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.Sq *
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as the anchor name:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# pfctl -a '*' -sr
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.Ed
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.It Fl D Ar macro Ns = Ns Ar value
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Define
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.Ar macro
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to be set to
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.Ar value
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on the command line.
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Overrides the definition of
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.Ar macro
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in the ruleset.
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.It Fl d
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Disable the packet filter.
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.It Fl e
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Enable the packet filter.
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.It Fl F Ar modifier
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Flush the filter parameters specified by
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.Ar modifier
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(may be abbreviated):
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact
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.It Fl F Cm nat
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Flush the NAT rules.
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.It Fl F Cm queue
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Flush the queue rules.
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.It Fl F Cm rules
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Flush the filter rules.
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.It Fl F Cm states
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Flush the state table (NAT and filter).
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.It Fl F Cm Sources
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Flush the source tracking table.
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.It Fl F Cm info
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Flush the filter information (statistics that are not bound to rules).
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.It Fl F Cm Tables
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Flush the tables.
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.It Fl F Cm osfp
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Flush the passive operating system fingerprints.
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.It Fl F Cm all
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Flush all of the above.
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.El
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.It Fl f Ar file
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Load the rules contained in
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.Ar file .
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This
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.Ar file
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may contain macros, tables, options, and normalization, queueing,
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translation, and filtering rules.
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With the exception of macros and tables, the statements must appear in that
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order.
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.It Fl g
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Include output helpful for debugging.
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.It Fl h
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Help.
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.It Fl i Ar interface
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Restrict the operation to the given
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.Ar interface .
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.It Fl K Ar host | network
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Kill all of the source tracking entries originating from the specified
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.Ar host
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or
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.Ar network .
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A second
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.Fl K Ar host
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or
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.Fl K Ar network
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option may be specified, which will kill all the source tracking
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entries from the first host/network to the second.
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.It Xo
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.Fl k
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.Ar host | network | label | id
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.Xc
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Kill all of the state entries matching the specified
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.Ar host ,
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.Ar network ,
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.Ar label ,
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or
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.Ar id .
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.Pp
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For example, to kill all of the state entries originating from
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.Dq host :
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k host
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.Pp
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A second
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.Fl k Ar host
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or
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.Fl k Ar network
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option may be specified, which will kill all the state entries
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from the first host/network to the second.
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To kill all of the state entries from
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.Dq host1
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to
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.Dq host2 :
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k host1 -k host2
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.Pp
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To kill all states originating from 192.168.1.0/24 to 172.16.0.0/16:
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k 192.168.1.0/24 -k 172.16.0.0/16
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.Pp
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A network prefix length of 0 can be used as a wildcard.
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To kill all states with the target
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.Dq host2 :
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k 0.0.0.0/0 -k host2
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.Pp
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It is also possible to kill states by rule label or state ID.
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In this mode the first
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.Fl k
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argument is used to specify the type
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of the second argument.
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The following command would kill all states that have been created
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from rules carrying the label
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.Dq foobar :
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k label -k foobar
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.Pp
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To kill one specific state by its unique state ID
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(as shown by pfctl -s state -vv),
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use the
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.Ar id
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modifier and as a second argument the state ID and optional creator ID.
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To kill a state with ID 4823e84500000003 use:
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k id -k 4823e84500000003
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.Pp
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To kill a state with ID 4823e84500000018 created from a backup
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firewall with hostid 00000002 use:
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.Pp
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.Dl # pfctl -k id -k 4823e84500000018/2
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.It Fl m
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Merge in explicitly given options without resetting those
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which are omitted.
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Allows single options to be modified without disturbing the others:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# echo "set loginterface fxp0" | pfctl -mf -
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.Ed
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.It Fl N
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Load only the NAT rules present in the rule file.
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Other rules and options are ignored.
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.It Fl n
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Do not actually load rules, just parse them.
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.It Fl O
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Load only the options present in the rule file.
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Other rules and options are ignored.
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.It Fl o Ar level
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Control the ruleset optimizer, overriding any rule file settings.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact
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.It Fl o Cm none
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Disable the ruleset optimizer.
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.It Fl o Cm basic
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Enable basic ruleset optimizations.
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This is the default behaviour.
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.It Fl o Cm profile
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Enable basic ruleset optimizations with profiling.
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.El
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For further information on the ruleset optimizer, see
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.Xr pf.conf 5 .
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.It Fl P
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Do not perform service name lookup for port specific rules,
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instead display the ports numerically.
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.It Fl p Ar device
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Use the device file
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.Ar device
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instead of the default
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.Pa /dev/pf .
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.It Fl q
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Only print errors and warnings.
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.It Fl R
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Load only the filter rules present in the rule file.
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Other rules and options are ignored.
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.It Fl r
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Perform reverse DNS lookups on states when displaying them.
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.It Fl s Ar modifier
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Show the filter parameters specified by
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.Ar modifier
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(may be abbreviated):
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxxx -compact
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.It Fl s Cm nat
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Show the currently loaded NAT rules.
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.It Fl s Cm queue
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Show the currently loaded queue rules.
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When used together with
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.Fl v ,
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per-queue statistics are also shown.
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When used together with
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.Fl v v ,
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.Nm
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will loop and show updated queue statistics every five seconds, including
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measured bandwidth and packets per second.
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.It Fl s Cm rules
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Show the currently loaded filter rules.
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When used together with
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.Fl v ,
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the per-rule statistics (number of evaluations,
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packets and bytes) are also shown.
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Note that the
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.Dq skip step
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optimization done automatically by the kernel
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will skip evaluation of rules where possible.
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Packets passed statefully are counted in the rule that created the state
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(even though the rule isn't evaluated more than once for the entire
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connection).
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.It Fl s Cm Anchors
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Show the currently loaded anchors directly attached to the main ruleset.
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If
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.Fl a Ar anchor
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is specified as well, the anchors loaded directly below the given
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.Ar anchor
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are shown instead.
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If
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.Fl v
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is specified, all anchors attached under the target anchor will be
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displayed recursively.
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.It Fl s Cm states
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Show the contents of the state table.
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.It Fl s Cm Sources
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Show the contents of the source tracking table.
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.It Fl s Cm info
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Show filter information (statistics and counters).
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When used together with
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.Fl v ,
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source tracking statistics are also shown.
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.It Fl s Cm labels
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Show per-rule statistics (label, evaluations, packets total, bytes total,
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packets in, bytes in, packets out, bytes out, state creations) of
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filter rules with labels, useful for accounting.
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.It Fl s Cm timeouts
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Show the current global timeouts.
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.It Fl s Cm memory
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Show the current pool memory hard limits.
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.It Fl s Cm Tables
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Show the list of tables.
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.It Fl s Cm osfp
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Show the list of operating system fingerprints.
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.It Fl s Cm Interfaces
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Show the list of interfaces and interface drivers available to PF.
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When used together with
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.Fl v ,
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it additionally lists which interfaces have skip rules activated.
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When used together with
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.Fl vv ,
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interface statistics are also shown.
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.Fl i
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can be used to select an interface or a group of interfaces.
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.It Fl s Cm all
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Show all of the above, except for the lists of interfaces and operating
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system fingerprints.
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.El
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.It Fl T Ar command Op Ar address ...
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Specify the
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.Ar command
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(may be abbreviated) to apply to the table.
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Commands include:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact
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.It Fl T Cm kill
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Kill a table.
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.It Fl T Cm flush
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Flush all addresses of a table.
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.It Fl T Cm add
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Add one or more addresses in a table.
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Automatically create a nonexisting table.
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.It Fl T Cm delete
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Delete one or more addresses from a table.
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.It Fl T Cm expire Ar number
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Delete addresses which had their statistics cleared more than
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.Ar number
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seconds ago.
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For entries which have never had their statistics cleared,
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.Ar number
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refers to the time they were added to the table.
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.It Fl T Cm replace
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Replace the addresses of the table.
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Automatically create a nonexisting table.
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.It Fl T Cm show
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Show the content (addresses) of a table.
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.It Fl T Cm test
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Test if the given addresses match a table.
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.It Fl T Cm zero
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Clear all the statistics of a table.
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.It Fl T Cm load
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Load only the table definitions from
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.Xr pf.conf 5 .
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This is used in conjunction with the
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.Fl f
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flag, as in:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# pfctl -Tl -f pf.conf
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.Ed
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.El
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.Pp
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For the
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.Cm add ,
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.Cm delete ,
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.Cm replace ,
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and
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.Cm test
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commands, the list of addresses can be specified either directly on the command
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line and/or in an unformatted text file, using the
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.Fl f
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flag.
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Comments starting with a
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.Sq #
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are allowed in the text file.
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With these commands, the
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.Fl v
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flag can also be used once or twice, in which case
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.Nm
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will print the
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detailed result of the operation for each individual address, prefixed by
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one of the following letters:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width XXX -compact
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.It A
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The address/network has been added.
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.It C
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The address/network has been changed (negated).
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.It D
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The address/network has been deleted.
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.It M
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The address matches
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.Po
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.Cm test
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operation only
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.Pc .
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.It X
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The address/network is duplicated and therefore ignored.
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.It Y
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The address/network cannot be added/deleted due to conflicting
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.Sq \&!
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attributes.
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.It Z
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The address/network has been cleared (statistics).
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.El
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.Pp
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Each table can maintain a set of counters that can be retrieved using the
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.Fl v
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flag of
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.Nm .
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For example, the following commands define a wide open firewall which will keep
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track of packets going to or coming from the
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.Ox
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FTP server.
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The following commands configure the firewall and send 10 pings to the FTP
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server:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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# printf "table <test> counters { ftp.openbsd.org }\en \e
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pass out to <test>\en" | pfctl -f-
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# ping -qc10 ftp.openbsd.org
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.Ed
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.Pp
|
|
We can now use the table
|
|
.Cm show
|
|
command to output, for each address and packet direction, the number of packets
|
|
and bytes that are being passed or blocked by rules referencing the table.
|
|
The time at which the current accounting started is also shown with the
|
|
.Dq Cleared
|
|
line.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# pfctl -t test -vTshow
|
|
129.128.5.191
|
|
Cleared: Thu Feb 13 18:55:18 2003
|
|
In/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
|
|
In/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
|
|
Out/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
|
|
Out/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Similarly, it is possible to view global information about the tables
|
|
by using the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
modifier twice and the
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
.Cm Tables
|
|
command.
|
|
This will display the number of addresses on each table,
|
|
the number of rules which reference the table, and the global
|
|
packet statistics for the whole table:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# pfctl -vvsTables
|
|
--a-r-C test
|
|
Addresses: 1
|
|
Cleared: Thu Feb 13 18:55:18 2003
|
|
References: [ Anchors: 0 Rules: 1 ]
|
|
Evaluations: [ NoMatch: 3496 Match: 1 ]
|
|
In/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
|
|
In/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
|
|
In/XPass: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
|
|
Out/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
|
|
Out/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
|
|
Out/XPass: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As we can see here, only one packet \- the initial ping request \- matched the
|
|
table, but all packets passing as the result of the state are correctly
|
|
accounted for.
|
|
Reloading the table(s) or ruleset will not affect packet accounting in any way.
|
|
The two
|
|
.Dq XPass
|
|
counters are incremented instead of the
|
|
.Dq Pass
|
|
counters when a
|
|
.Dq stateful
|
|
packet is passed but doesn't match the table anymore.
|
|
This will happen in our example if someone flushes the table while the
|
|
.Xr ping 8
|
|
command is running.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When used with a single
|
|
.Fl v ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will only display the first line containing the table flags and name.
|
|
The flags are defined as follows:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width XXX -compact
|
|
.It c
|
|
For constant tables, which cannot be altered outside
|
|
.Xr pf.conf 5 .
|
|
.It p
|
|
For persistent tables, which don't get automatically killed when no rules
|
|
refer to them.
|
|
.It a
|
|
For tables which are part of the
|
|
.Em active
|
|
tableset.
|
|
Tables without this flag do not really exist, cannot contain addresses, and are
|
|
only listed if the
|
|
.Fl g
|
|
flag is given.
|
|
.It i
|
|
For tables which are part of the
|
|
.Em inactive
|
|
tableset.
|
|
This flag can only be witnessed briefly during the loading of
|
|
.Xr pf.conf 5 .
|
|
.It r
|
|
For tables which are referenced (used) by rules.
|
|
.It h
|
|
This flag is set when a table in the main ruleset is hidden by one or more
|
|
tables of the same name from anchors attached below it.
|
|
.It C
|
|
This flag is set when per-address counters are enabled on the table.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Fl t Ar table
|
|
Specify the name of the table.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Produce more verbose output.
|
|
A second use of
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
will produce even more verbose output including ruleset warnings.
|
|
See the previous section for its effect on table commands.
|
|
.It Fl x Ar level
|
|
Set the debug
|
|
.Ar level
|
|
(may be abbreviated) to one of the following:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact
|
|
.It Fl x Cm none
|
|
Don't generate debug messages.
|
|
.It Fl x Cm urgent
|
|
Generate debug messages only for serious errors.
|
|
.It Fl x Cm misc
|
|
Generate debug messages for various errors.
|
|
.It Fl x Cm loud
|
|
Generate debug messages for common conditions.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Fl z
|
|
Clear per-rule statistics.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "/etc/pf.conf" -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/pf.conf
|
|
Packet filter rules file.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/pf.os
|
|
Passive operating system fingerprint database.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr pf 4 ,
|
|
.Xr pf.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr pf.os 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr services 5 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr authpf 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ftp-proxy 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program and the
|
|
.Xr pf 4
|
|
filter mechanism first appeared in
|
|
.Ox 3.0 .
|